...of people and produces huge tonnes of gold. Examples of companies who engage in these are the Anglo-Gold Ashanti of Ghana, Newmont Ghana, Goldfields Ghana and Minas Serra Palade Mines in Brazil which employed about over thousands workers and yielded thousands tonnes of gold (Amankwah and Anim-Sackey, 2003). Small scale mining is a form of mining that is done at small levels and mostly employs relatively a low number of people (Appiah, 1998). It is generally engaged in by local people within the area where these activities occur, and comes along with it the influx of people from other areas. Small Scale Mining companies use a considerable number of the labour force in the country. While there is no accurate SSM employment number for Ghana (Appiah, 1998), it is estimated that some 500,000 people are openly employed in the sector while additional 500,000 may indirectly be benefiting from the doings. About half of those directly engaged in the S.S.M are said to be illegal operators (Amankwah & Anim-Sackey, 2003) commonly known as “galamsey operators”. The actions of small-scale miners also generate economic linkages with other sectors of the economy helping as raw resources for goldsmiths and jewellers. There are two main forms of small scale mining; these are land dredging and river dredging. In the former, miners use generators to dig large holes in the ground to expose the gold bearing layer of the sand and clay. The slurry is then pumped into a sluice box which collects the gold...
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...All high school students should be tested for illegal drugs and alcohol before they are allowed to join extra-curricular activities. Most juvenile arrests that occur are due to the possession of illegal drugs and alcohol. Students should be drug tested before they are allowed to join extra-curricular activities because students do not want to make a fool of themselves, other people could get injured, and the people that hold the extra- curricular activities could be held accountable. One of the reasons students should be tested for illegal drugs and alcohol is because other people could get injured. Any bystanders that have been around drugs could be tested positive by accidentally consuming any type of illegal drug the main consumer takes. Which...
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...much money has been spent since 1996 on Illegal Alien Services. The United States accepts more legal immigrants as residents than the rest of the world combined. Furthermore there are 11.7 million or more illegal aliens residing in the U.S. in offense of U.S. immigration laws. Contempt for U.S. laws, its citizens, and its legal immigrants should not be allowed. Instead these criminals should be barred from enjoying the benefits of being a U.S. citizen. Because of some of our lax laws and the stance of some of the governing bodies of the United States, Illegal Immigration has become one of the biggest topics of controversy due to the history that America has as an immigrant country.Illegal Immigration is not the direction...
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...Hazing Hazing is a highly dangerous activity that in some cases has resulted in death. Hazing involves various activities or rituals which are expected of someone desiring to join a group. Hazing differs from bullying in that bullying attempts to isolate someone from a group. Hazing activities or rituals are designed to be degrading and dehumanizing and can induce psychological, emotional or physical harm, regardless of a person's willingness to participate (Hazing Defined). Hazing is an extremely dangerous form of harassment and intimidation. Hazing is done to an individual as a way of initiating a person into a group or organization. Since 1965, there have been over one hundred people who have been killed or died in the United States due to hazing activities on college campuses in connection with fraternities and sororities alone (Hazing.hanknuwer.com). The actual number of fatalities due to hazing is probably much higher when other groups and organizations such as social groups, high schools, sports teams, military units, the work place and gangs, amongst others, are considered as well. Currently, there is no official U.S. government organization that officially tracks the number of fatalities due to hazing (Hazing.hankunwer.com). Further, there are forty four states that have laws against hazing, but they are often not enforced. The majority of hazing deaths occur because the activity or ritual is excessive and participants become over zealous. Further, a participant's...
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...education programs and extracurricular activity programs. Alternative programs help teens find the right path to a decent life. Programs such as The YMCA have lowered and prevented delinquency within communities, because they provide positive reinforcement. Juvenile Delinquency Reduction Programs Virginia offers teens alternative education programs. These programs target students who no longer have access to traditional school programs or who are returning from juvenile correctional centers. Stafford County offers the Regional Alternative Education program. The program’s setup is in a more adult environment, where students can work towards a high school diploma or begin GED preparation. Student to teacher ratio is 1 to 10. The program is flexible, has a required dress code and uses behavioral modification. The Regional Alternative Education program offers computer-assisted instruction, hands on assignments, job training, drug prevention education, field trips and counseling. The program also has business and community partnerships (Virginia Department of Education, n.d). The Rappahannock YMCA program offers extracurricular activities for all ages. YMCA (n.d) its mission is to provide Christian principles practices through its programs. The program offers guest and membership options, operates during after school hours, weekends and during summer break. The YMCA mainly supports wellness by offering sports and other physically active activities. The program even offers a full day...
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...Causes of Delinquency and Methods of Prevention Jermaine Thomas CJ 3308 Juvenile Justice University of Houston-Downtown Causes of Delinquency and Methods of Prevention Introduction Juvenile delinquency is a term used to describe illegal acts committed by individuals in society younger than the age in which the government recognizes as him/her as an adult. In America, the general rule of thumb for labeling a person as a juvenile is any person between the age of 10 and 18. However, this does vary slightly from state to state. An act committed by a juvenile can only be considered delinquent if the same act is punishable if it were to be committed by an adult. Other violations of rules such as curfew violations and underage smoking are considered age-restricted violation as opposed to being labeled as a “delinquent act”. Juvenile Delinquency has always been an issue in the criminal justice system. A study done by Sharma, Mishra, & Kumar (2013) found that the average age of juvenile delinquents was 16.20 years of age, and the average age of non-delinquents was 16.5 years of age. Furthermore, of the delinquents, most of their crimes were committed at the age of 14.84 years of age. The creation of the juvenile justice system in 1899 in Chicago was a way of dealing with this growing problem. Since then, the juvenile justice system has been very useful in helping to evaluate, rehabilitate, and if necessary, punish juveniles that commit delinquent acts. However, the issue...
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...Social Problems Associated with Street Gangs Gangs are becoming prevalent in today’s society and within our schools. More and more young people are turning to gangs in an attempt to escape their everyday lives and the future, which they perceive as dismal and bleak. They are initially attracted to the prestige and cash flow, which is glamorized by the street gang. Many gangs are actively involved in criminal misconduct, such as drug and gun trafficking, burglaries and homicides. However, street gangs are not just a criminal justice issue, but a social problem, which is triggered by poverty, peer pressure, boredom, despair and lacking a sense of belonging. A street gang can be defined as “an organized social system that is both quasi-private (not fully open to the public) and quasi-secretive (much of the information concerning its business remains confined with the group) and one whose size and goals have necessitated that social interaction be governed by a leadership structure that has defined roles; where the authority associated with these roles has been legitimized to the extent that social codes are operational to regulate the behavior of both the leadership and the rank and file; that plans and provides not only for the social and economic services of its members, but also for its own maintenance as an organization; that pursues such goals irrespective of whether the action is legal or not; and that lacks a bureaucracy (i.e., an administrative staff that is hierarchically...
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...Joseph Frederick is a senior at Juneau-Douglas High School. Joseph held up a sign saying“ Bong Hits 4 Jesus” on January 24th, 2002 during the Olympic Torch Relay through his high school. Deborah Morse- Joseph’s principal to put the banner away because she was concerned it could advocate illegal drug activity. Frederick was the defendant and Deborah Morse was the plaintiff. Frederick refused to comply. Deborah took the banner from him. Frederick was suspended from school for 10 days for violating school policy, that forbids advocating the use of illegal drugs. Morse was ruled by U.S District Court for the District of Alaska by saying that Frederick’s actions was not protected by the first amendment. The U.S Court appealed and stated that Frederick’s banner was constitutionally protected. The U.S Supreme Court granted certiorari....
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...Drug Activity and Rehabilitation in Texas Prisons Amy Garza COM/172 June 30, 2014 Carrie Kendall Drug Activity and Rehabilitation in Texas Prisons The state of Texas has over 40 state prisons, and over 15 state jails. Among these facilities 30% of incoming inmates in 2011 were sentenced for drug offenses. While serving time in Texas prisons, some inmates resume their illegal drug activity for many reasons and refuse rehabilitation. Oddly enough, “the state of Texas has one of the lowest drug treatment admission rates, but one of the highest incarceration rates in the country” (Dunklee, Leete, J.D., & Renaud, M.S.S.W, 2013). These facts express how drug activity, both in and out of prison, is an ongoing dilemma. Rehabilitation programs are offered but inmates cannot be forced to open up to such teachings. The system serves as a revolving door for illegal drug use and trade. There are many reasons why people become involved with illegal drug activity behind bars. One of the most popular reasons why inmates continue to break the law is because of money. Statistics show that over 58% of men incarcerated in Texas are fathers. Assuming that most inmates lie about such facts on government surveys, it is estimated that the true number of incarcerated men who have children is much higher. “These men are used to selling drugs, or other such fast money schemes. To think that they will be satisfied with a high school diploma and the financial security it offers is ludicrous”...
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...requirements for schools to plan and implement appropriate responses to drug related incidents, with an emphasis on prevention through drug education and safe and supportive school environments, and intervention and support for students who may be involved. 1.Objectives - Policy statement 1.1 This policy covers the possession and use of alcohol, tobacco, illegal drugs and the misuse of over-the-counter and prescribed medications, including the supply of restricted substances, on school premises by students. It also covers the possession and use of alcohol and tobacco on school premises by employees and visitors. 1.2 Department of Education and Training (DET) employees are also bound by requirements in the Code of Conduct relating to drugs, alcohol and tobacco. 1.3 Illegal drugs 1.3.1 Schools must be places which are free of illegal drugs. 1.3.2 Principals must manage disciplinary matters involving suspected illegal substances or supply of restricted substances consistent with the Suspension and Expulsion of School Students - Procedures (PD/2006/0316). 1.3.3 Principals must report incidents involving illegal drugs to the School Safety and Response Hotline on 1300 363 778. 1.4 Alcohol 1.4.1 Alcohol must not be consumed or brought to school premises during school hours. This includes employees, students and visitors and other people who use school premises. In the case of cross-sectoral sites (e.g. joint school/TAFE sites), a decision regarding the extent of ‘school premises’...
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...firearm. The gun violence we are having is created because of the lack of politics being careless for their people's safety, by the regulations on gun control, and how criminals have access to guns. The law was introduced back in 1934 when the federal government started its gun control policies in order to stop gang violence which was called the National Firearms Act of 1934. Ever since then it has not helped stop the violence and it seems that the issue has grown over the years and it is now a major problem. When the issue really struct the people was when there was school shootings, which really impacts america by making the school safety a failure since criminals enter heavily armed to a school campus.One major school shooting was “two high school teens Eric Harris, 18 and Dylan Klebolod, 17 had killed 13 people and wounded 20 more before commiting suicide on April 20, 1999 at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado” (History.com staff). The crime was...
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...------------------------------------------------- Cholesterol * ------------------------------------------------- Hygiene * ------------------------------------------------- CR Calculator * ------------------------------------------------- Calorie Restriction * ------------------------------------------------- Nutritional Data * ------------------------------------------------- Drug Rehab Rehabilitation from Drug Addiction Drug addiction is a growing epidemic in the United States. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) reported that 7.9 percent of persons 12 years of age and older used illicit drugs during the month preceding a study in 2004. Children get exposed to drugs and drug use in high school and even in middle school. The growing problem can be seen from the number of pounds of illegal drugs seized by the U.S. Customs Service.[1] On March 22, 2007 the U.S. Coast Guard and the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration seized a ship carrying more than 42,800 pounds of cocaine. This was the single largest maritime drug seizure in U.S. history, but it represents just a...
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...Academic success in high school is determined by a wide range of factors. For some students, they may not have all of the perfect components, but they rise above their difficulties to have success. On the other hand, there are students who have every positive stepping stone possible, and yet they do not meet a high level of academic achievement in high school. These are some of the factors that can impact academic success in high school. Students, who succeed, usually have some combination of these factors in their background. Determination Whether a student is gifted academically or not, a consistent factor is personal determination. Students who are invested personal in a personal goal, whether it is simply graduating from high school or going on to post-secondary school, generally have higher levels of academic achievement. Take the student’s determination to achieve out of the equation. Work ethic A key component to success is a student’s work ethic. Students who are willing to put extra hours in to study and prepare for projects and presentations tend to improve their skills and academic abilities. Students who take less challenging classes or are satisfied with less than stellar work often will have the result of average academic success. Home life As much as teachers, classes and schools are factors in student academic success, parents and guardians hold an equally important role. This includes having adult figures who are positive role models who value the importance...
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...Drugs and technology While it is almost impossible to get an actual percentage of people affected by drug addiction, the use continues to grow. Most people will admit to trying some form of illegal drug, but addicts have a hard time even coming to grasp that they are addicted. Our society has been struggling with addiction for hundreds of years. Those affected vary in age, and are not limited to adults. According to the U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2011), there are approximately 27 million Americans today that either use illicit drugs regularly or are “heavy drinkers”. Sixteen million of these are in need of immediate treatment for their addiction problem. By the age of 18 almost 12 percent of young people in America are addicted to drugs. Statistics also show that about 70 percent of users who are employed contribute significantly to absenteeism in the work place, workplace accidents, workplace injuries, decreased productivity, increased insurance premiums, and large employee turnover and violence in the workplace. The total estimated cost to our society in America for substance abuse exceeds 250 billion dollars per year. Addiction has become prominent as one of the worst health and social problems in the United States today. (coachinginternational.com) Through the last two decades, addiction rates in the United States have increased significantly because of the advancements in Information Technology. Social networking, internet access...
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...principal of Juneau-Douglas High School brought suit against Joseph Frederick, an 18-year-old high school senior for violating Frederick’s First Amendment rights of freedom of speech. Frederick displayed a banner on a public sidewalk across from his high school that read “Bong Hits 4 Jesus.” The banner was viewed by the school’s student body when watching the Winter Olympics Torch Relay that was taking place throughout the city. Morse allowed the students to go outside and participate in the event, viewing the torch from both sides of the street. It was supervised by teachers and administrators and treated as a school field trip. Along with several students, Frederick held up his banner as the torch bearers approached so that he might get on national...
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