...The divergence-based centroid neural network is employed in the grouping process. Prior to the grouping process, 3D line segments are extracted with the aid of the elevation information obtained by using area-based stereo matching of satellite image data. High-resolution IKONOS stereo images are utilized for the experiments. The experimental result proved the applicability and efficiency of the approach in dealing with 3D building modeling from high-resolution satellite imagery. Index Terms—building model, satellite image, 3D modeling, line segment, stereo I. I NTRODUCTION Extraction of 3D building model is one of the important problems in the generation of an urban model. The process aims to detect and describe the 3D rooftop model from complex scene of satellite imagery. The automated extraction of the 3D rooftop model can be considered as an essential process in dealing with 3D modeling in the urban area. There has been a significant body of research in 3D reconstruction from high-resolution satellite imagery. Even though a natural terrain can be successfully reconstructed in a precise manner by using correlation-based stereoscopic processing of satellite images [1], 3D building reconstruction remains to a difficult process, due to the discontinuity of elevation in manmade objects. In this context, most studies rely on 3D feature analysis. Perceptual grouping technique [2] has been broadly used for detecting and describing buildings in aerial or satellite image. This traditional...
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...I. Current Situation: A. Current Performance: International Satellite Images (ISI) had been building a satellite to image the world at a resolution of one meter. At the resolution, a trained photo interpreter could identify virtually any military and civilian vehicle as well as numerous other military and non-military objects. The ISI team had been preparing a proposal for a Japanese government contractor. The contract called for a commitment of a minimum imagery purchase of $10 million per year for five years. In a recent executive staff meeting it became clear that the ISI satellite camera subcontractor was having trouble with the development of a thermal stabilizer for the instrument. It appeared that the development delay would be at least one year and possibly 18 months. When Jim approached Fred Ballard, the President of ISI, for advice on what launch date to put into the proposal, Fred told Jim to use the published date since that was still the official launch date. II. External Environment: A. General Environment: For the problem ofISI satellite camera subcontractor it appeared development delay would be at least one year and possibly 18 months. For that reasonthe level of trust between the parties was very low since the Japanese insisted upon completion guarantees. External forces include: Industry practice is to publicize optimistic completion dates that are rarely met. The financial industry that has profitability expectations which may be impossible...
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...Visual Imagery Magazine Article Angele’ Christian – Ojo Psych 640 Christopher Wessinger What is imagery? The word imagery means to use figurative language to represent objects, action and ideas in such a way that it appeals to our physical sense. For most people, the word imagery is associated with mental pictures however imagery is more complex. Our minds manage memories (pictures), which are known to be on the right side of the brain, (visual) and processes information with language which resides in the left side of the brain, (verbal). This is done through visual and verbal imagery. The information which passes through the brain as though something is being perceived, when in reality there is nothing really happening is known to be Visual Imagery. For coping with upsetting occurrences, or bettering physical performances and or establishing desensitization hierarchies, visual imagery is being utilized. People learning to manage their stress may be guided through visualizations as a way to take a mental vacation out of a stressful situation or trauma. Those who are able to visualize, think more concretely, personalize information, tend to be field dependent, process information holistically, and tend to be introverted. In addition, those who are better at visual imagery tend to excel at spatial interpretation tasks such as interpreting graphs, charts or pictures, mechanical drawing and measuring. The saying goes; one picture is worth a thousand words however, some...
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...Brooke Bull Professor Brewer English 1302.007 24 September 2013 Imagery is the Key Throughout the short story “The Blue Bouquet” by Octavio Paz, there are several different types of imagery. The descriptive detail in the story adds a design of what the scene of the village looked like in Paz’s eyes. Without descriptive detail and imagery, the short story would be hard to understand and follow. With the use of visual imagery, auditory imagery, and kinesthetic imagery, showing more detail and visual imagination, throughout the story, helps the reader see and feel exactly what Paz is feeling throughout the story. Visual imagery is one of the factors Paz uses in his short story to help the reader’s visual and imagine what is going on. For example when he says, “Suddenly the moon appeared from behind a black cloud, lighting a white wall..,” (Paz 3), it is making the reader imagine the moon coming out of the clouds, so the little boy could see where he wanted to go. Another example of Paz’s visual imagery would be when the little boy finally turns around and faces the man who is trying to take his eyes. When Paz says “..He was small and fragile. His palm sombrero covered half his face. ..,” (Paz 12), that helps the reader understand and visualize what the old man looked like and who the little boy was up against. As the reader can conclude that without visual imagery in a story, the story is hard to understand and imagine. Without Paz describing the old man, the readers would...
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...Imagery in Hamlet Hamlet is one of the most widely read works of literature. It's an exploration of the multifaceted world of adolescence. This world is full of confusion, thoughtfulness, intimacy, and action. It's a study in how a young person emerging into adulthood attempts to cope. In Hamlet, Shakespeare allows his hero to dream and to think through his dreams (Williams). Hamlet is a revenge tragedy and by the end, almost every character has died in some tragic or gruesome way. In this play, Shakespeare makes use of imagery, allegory, metaphor, and symbolism. In particular, the symbols of the ghost, the garden, and flowers, along with imagery and metaphors for madness are used to convey specific ideas which provide depth and complexity to this story. The ghost is a pivotal symbol and appears throughout Hamlet. Is the ghost Hamlet's father or is it Hamlet himself? Is the ghost real or is it part of Hamlet's imagination? The ghost claims he is Hamlet's father. He says he was murdered by Claudius, Hamlet's Uncle who is now wed to Hamlet's mother and who is also sitting on the throne. He also says his sins must be wiped clean before he can ascend to heaven. His soul is "doomed" to endure "sulph'rous and tormenting flames" until the "foul crimes done in [his] days of nature / Are burnt and purged away" (1.5.6; 17-18). The ghost requires revenge and this is an odd request given the religious context, yet this is what sets the revenge plot in motion. Father's Ghost. My hour...
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...Discuss the use of imagery in two stories of your choice. How do the various images work in a particular story to bring its subject matter into focus? Is there a central image? And how does this enhance or confuse or complicate the effect of the story? Short fiction can be seen as a literary medium through which the writer concisely creates a story that is almost as fleeting in its detail, as it is in its length of words. Imagery can be used in varying manners depending on what the writer is trying to achieve. In the short story ‘Sleepy’ by Anton Chekhov, we see a more vivid and palpable type of imagery that’s almost figurative and has the ability to lull the reader into sharing the protagonist’s feelings rather than just her surroundings. On the contrary, Katherine Mansfield’s ‘Her First Ball’, utilises strong, descriptive imagery that paints the setting, and the events occurring within, rather than bluntly focusing on the feelings associated with them. In ‘Sleepy’, Chekhov successfully evokes a strong feeling of the setting without being superfluous in his description. He provides an image of the tiny room at the beginning of the story and reinforces it throughout. In doing so, Chekhov portrays Varka’s painfully scarce reality to emphasise the huge contrast between the immediate scenario and the imagery describing her flustered dreams. It’s Varka’s need for sleep that seems to be the subject matter throughout the narrative, her exhaustion and inability to stay awake and...
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...Psych/640 March 2015 Volume 1, Issue 1 Visual Imagery What is Visual Imagery Two important cognitive systems a person has are a person’s visual and verbal systems which are two very basic ways that individuals are able to express themselves to others. These two systems allow individuals to both create word and visual images in order to communicate thoughts with other individuals. In the verbal system a person is able to create words, portray thoughts, sequence words together in order to communicate with other people. In the visual system the system is more sensory based, relying on holistic, emotional, personal, and fantasy-based information or images. This system though being called visual is not just about seeing it’s also about sounds and touch. This paper is going to compare and contrast verbal and visual imagery, provide an argument of which is considered more important by the author, and provide justification of the argument with research . Inside this issue Visual Imagery ............................ 1 Visual and Verbal Systems .......... 1 Argument of Importance ............ 2 Closing Thoughts......................... 2 Visual and Verbal Systems For cognitive functioning to work in most individuals they must use imagery as well as verbal systems together. According to Mzoughi and Abdelhak (2011), most people uses both verbal and visual together though some people may be better at one or the other. Some individuals may be better visually and be considered...
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...Mrs. Stansfield ENG 4U0 July 6, 2015 Imagery and Symbolism in Poems Poem #1: Where There’s a Wall by Joy Kogawa This poem evokes motivation and inspiration. The main message that I received from it is that, even when life puts an obstacle in front of you, you can always find a way to get your goal to the other side. The wall is a symbol that represents an obstacle in life that may prevent one from reaching what they desire. Literal imagery is used quite often in this poem. The writer composes a stanza that states that he/she is “standing” on one side of the wall, “staring at the top, lost in the clouds.” From this, we can imagine a person standing in front of a wall, mindlessly looking into the clouds. But the stanza continues, stating that they “hear every sound” one makes but “cannot see” them. This implies that this person is trying to get to another person on the other side of the wall, but can only hear their voice from behind the wall that stands between them. Figurative imagery is also slightly utilized in this poem, near its end. When the poem reads that “a voice cries faint as in a dream,” a simile is used, comparing a voice’s quiet sound to one you would hear while dreaming. This makes it easy for the reader to imagine how strong this wall is, blocking out so much sound that the heard voice is as faint as in a dream. Poem #2: Poem About Your Laugh by Susan Glickman This poem presents a lot of imagery, mostly figurative rather than literal....
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...Mental Imagery and its Limitations Carl Brown Grand Canyon University Dr. Mary Chmielewski PSY-812 November 13, 2013 Mental Imagery and Its Limitations Mental imagery is described as experience occurs without the presence of specific stimuli for the appropriate perception. Many professionals in sports training to achieve better performances have applied mental imagery as a technique. This idea has been there in sports for many years, however, it is recently being incorporated into sports training. As a psychological process intended to improve performance of athletes, it has presented positive results while other athletes have reported negative results from the visualization process. This paper aims to unearth whether indeed imagery is research founded or just a matter of popular psychology. Many researches that have been carried out by various experts explicitly indicate that the visualization concept is beneficial to sports. Mental imagery as a visualization technique has successfully aided to improve the performance of athletes. Studies conducted on imagery during the twentieth century have had inconsistent results due factors such as unavailability of reliable controls and subjects. However, recent studies on mental imagery have had sufficient evidence to suggest that it can improve performance of various sports. Finke carried out a meta-analytic research of sixty studies aimed at examining effect of mental practice on control conditions. The...
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...Visual Imagery Psych 640 March 17, 2014 Dr. Samantha Hickman Visual Imagery Imaginations allow individuals to use information and construct his or her own ideas. For example, individuals can imagine what his or her dream home looks like. This individual can see the home and describe what the home looks like. Anderson (2010) defined mental imagery as the processing of perceptual information without an external source. Visual imagery is the brain’s way of processing information as if the individual is actually seeing it; whereas, verbal imagery is the processing of information as if the individual is saying or describing the information. Visual and verbal imagery can use cognitive maps to make sense of his or her environment. A careful analysis of visual and verbal imagery allows an individual to draw conclusions about which form of imagery is important to them. Types of Imagery Visual Imagery Visual imagery is activated within the individual’s occipital cortex area (Fery, 2003). Motor actions require individuals to assess the size and shape of objects; thus, visual imagery provides the positions and movements associated with these tasks (Fery, 2003). Fery (2003) conducted an experiment in which individuals were shown a movement and were required to imagine the movement. The individuals were asked to draw the movement in which they had seen (Fery, 2003). The results confirmed visual imagery is appropriate when individuals are required to replicate a drawing (Fery, 2003)...
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...In a world of restraints, freedom is fruit of people's labour they may never harvest without giving themselves to the mercy of mother nature. Within a passage of her novel “The Awakening” Kate Chopin utilizes rich imagery, extended metaphor and motifs to form a symphony of literature depicting a restless woman's desire for release. This woman, Edna, is crippled by the recollection of memories, be it good or bad, as she struggles to find peace somewhere out at sea. Life can bring many memories, yet to some these memories can drown them in an ocean of anguish and agony. The Gulf seduces her luring her with pleasant imagery and sweet memories from her past. Imagery such as “gleaming with the million lights of the sun” suggests infatuation that shows the ocean as a place of beauty and enticement, bringing her in. “Thinking of the blue-grass meadow that she traversed as a kid” is an example of the happy memories she brings to mind as she swims which satisfy her enough to keep going. Additionally, the ocean not only lures her through these...
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...Beowulf is a probably one of the oldest great poems written in English, being made around twelve hundred years ago. This epic poem felt like it was an adventurous and action packed story put into a book, this was because I found the story to be very descriptive and entertaining. Since the story didn’t have pictures, it illustrated a vivid visual using the literary device of imagery for every moment in this poem. For example, when Grendel goes and attacks to the Heorot, leaving fear within the hall for years. The fight between Beowulf and Grendel was well described, talking about Beowulf encountering the monster when breaking into the hall at night and Beowulf wins the fight against Grendel. Although the story was quite elaborate it became overboard...
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...Running head: COLOR OF IMAGERY IN POEMS 1 COLOR IMAGERY IN POEMS 2 Color imagery; also known as color symbolism is a literary tool that refers to the meaning associated with a certain color. The color symbolizes a feeling or meaning. Author’s use color imagery to help the reader reference the feeling or meaning. In literature it is an object or reference used to provide meaning to the writing beyond what is essentially being described. It can be restrained or obvious, used cautiously or strong. An author may repeat the same object to communicate a deeper meaning or might use distinctions of the same object to produce a mood or feeling. Nothing Gold Can Stay, written by Robert frost in the year 1923, uses color imagery. The title of the poem is a metaphor where the gold represents value and wealth so when it says nothing gold can stay it means that nothing that is precious or of great value in the materialistic way can last forever. Gold symbolizes materialism it will not last for long and it gives an untrue happiness. Gold and other things such as, money can take years to accumulate but can be depleted in an instant. On the other hand, things having emotion and sentimental values cannot be bought with money and therefore will remain with us throughout our life. Frost says “nature’s first green is gold” he compares the color of nature “green’ with something that can be bought; gold. He is trying to portray that...
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...Kapilan Pushparajah ENG4U1 Mr.Karantonis April 11th 2014 Imagery of Darkness The book “Heart of Darkness” is a novel written by writer Joseph Conrad. It is about the adventurers that an ivory transporter named Charles Marlow had down the Congo river to central Africa. The novel is based on a true story, of Joseph Conrad's actual journey up the Congo River in 1900. Marlow is Joseph Conrad’s alter ego. The novel had many themes such as; racism, loneliness, colonialism, good vs evil, power and many more. In this novel, Conrad uses imagery and symbolism to reveal the implication on the traits of different characters’ personalities. They represent main character traits. Main examples of imagery and symbolism in the novel occur when; Marlow meets the accountant for the first time. Marlow was amazed by how well dressed the accountant was. Imagery and symbolism also occur when Marlow looks through his binoculars to see the heads that were facing the station house which he had initially thought were just ornaments. The heads represent how kurtz is crazy and violent due to the graphicness of the heads.The imagery and symbolism in this novel describe the personality traits of the characters very well and helps the reader make better connections with the novel and helps them understand it better. When Marlow first met the chief accountant he was amazed. He was impressed with the way that the accountant looked. He seemed to be very surprised. “When near the buildings I met a white...
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...hallucinations and is questioning reality. William Shakespeare uses graphic language and visual imagery convincingly to convey that Macbeth is overwhelmed with fear and anguish. Shakespeare used visual imagery to distinguish Macbeth’s fear. In line 38 of act 2 scene 1, Macbeth says, “A dagger of the mind, a false creation, proceeding from the heat-oppressed brain?” This image of a dagger shows how problemed and grieved Macbeth is about killing Duncan. Shakespeare giving Macbeth hallucinations also tells the readers that he is very afraid about the murder that he is about to commit. In line 49, Shakespeare uses witchcraft and nightmares as one of his tools to create a sense of eeriness. “Now o’er the one-half world nature seems dead, and wicked dreams abuse the curtain’d sleep; witchcraft celebrates pale Hecate’s offerings, and wither’d murder, alarum’d by his sentinel, the wolf…” He uses the word “wolf,” and “wicked dreams” to add an effect of mysticism and to better describe the unsure feelings that Macbeth is having. Shakespeare visual imagery to paint a mental image of what might me happening to Macbeth, and how scared Macbeth is of what he has to do. He uses certain terms and phrases that help establish Macbeth’s frame of mind as shown when he used the terms “wolves” and “witchcraft.” Macbeth’s frame of mind in this passage is very nervous, scared, and uneasy. Shakespeare used graphic imagery to portray an anxious and stressed Macbeth as he...
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