...women and minorities into a workplace from which it has been determined that they are excluded in order to make the workplace more reflective of the population from which employees are drawn (Bennett-Alexander & Hartman, 2007). Affirmative action is not only in place to just end discrimination but to actively seeking individuals for employment and promoting individuals within an organization who represent specific minority groups and/or women. The Rights of White males are also protected if there is evidence of discrimination. For example, if a company institutes an affirmative action plan to correct an imbalance in their work force between men and women; once that imbalance has been corrected the plan should be discontinued. If not and the practice continues an employee who is a white male and is qualified for a position but is passed over by a female who is not as qualified as he is would have grounds for sex discrimination under Title VII. Affirmative Action is not in place to institute quotas, quotas are prohibited. Affirmative action is in place to make sure that qualified woman or minorities are given equal opportunity for employment in whatever position they are applying or being promoted to. It is often mistaken for a law that says a company must hire an individual because she is a woman or she or he is a minority. If an individual is not qualified for a job there is no law that says you have to hire them just because of their status as a woman or minority. Bennett-Alexander...
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...national origin.” By the late 1960s and early 1970s, companies working with the federal government were required to develop affirmative action programs. These programs were created to correct imbalances in employment that exist directly as a result of past discrimination. These programs showed that the court’s recognition that job discrimination can exist even in the absence of conscious intent to discriminate. The way affirmative action programs works is that whenever there is underrepresentation of female or minority groups is evident, companies are to develop goals and timetables to improve each area of underrepresentation. They then should develop specific programs to achieve these goals. Finally, companies are encouraged to develop supportive in-house and community programs to combat discrimination. Affirmative action means programs taking the race or sex of employees or job candidates into account as part of an effort to correct imbalances in employment that exist as a result of past discrimination, either in the company itself or in larger society. There are many arguments for why affirmative action is a good idea. Empirical evidence supports the proposition that organizations made up of different types of people are more productive than homogeneous organizations. Women and minorities have historically been discriminated against. And as a nation, we can’t ignore these facts so we have to try to correct our past mistakes and affirmative action can help But on the other...
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...How are Hispanic, Black and American Indian students doing in college? The American Council on Education, which bills itself as "the major coordinating body for all of the nation's higher education," has just released its 24th annual report on the subject, titled Minorities in Higher Education. It provides valuable information, but the interpretations of the data do as much to obscure as to illuminate the central issues. The fifty pages of tables provided in an appendix reveal that these students, designated as "underrepresented minorities," made enormous progress in our colleges and universities in the 80's and 90's, and that these advances have continued in the past decade. For example, total white enrollments in institutions of higher education rose by just 12 percent over the decade 1997-2007. The figure for African Americans was 49 percent, by contrast, and for Hispanics 67 percent. When we distinguish undergraduates from students in graduate or professional schools, the picture looks the same, with minority numbers rising much more rapidly than white rates of gain, though of course from a much smaller base. The same is true when the measure is degrees earned at various levels from Associates to Ph.D.'s.--with some exceptions we will consider later. Unfortunately, though, few readers are likely to examine the data for themselves, and most will content themselves with reading the Executive Summary, or perhaps just a news report. If so, their understanding will be limited...
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...Running head: AFFIRMATIVE ACTION Affirmative Action Paper Cesar Petit-Dieu University of Phoenix MGT/434 May 4, 2010 Instructor: Eleanor T. Lawrence, DBA & PsyD Affirmative Action Paper This Paper explain the fundamentals of Affirmative Action as it applies to public sector and private sector employers, and how it interacts with Title VII requirements of Equal Employment Opportunity. It addresses the following: a. What employers are subject to affirmative action plans and why? b. What do the plans require employers to do? c. What happens if employers do not meet the goals of the affirmative action plan? Affirmative Action Programs Voluntary Affirmative Action Plan Implementation Affirmative action programs are intended to positively structure the behavior of both private sector and public sector employees. Some laws may apply to just private employers, while others may apply to educational institutions, employment agencies and public sector employees. Still, the laws do take into account how many employees are working at a company, and how many employees are in each location. Even so, companies of every size should make an ethical effort to avoid discrimination. “An affirmative action plan consists of statistical analysis of the employer's under utilization of individuals from certain protected classes and includes the steps that will be taken to improve their representation in...
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...examines the NYPD’s stops, this articles claims that minorities are stopped more often then whites. In regards to stops blacks and hispanics represented 51% and 33% of the stops although representing only 26% and 24% of the New York City population. In comparison to the number of arrests of each group in the previous year (used as a proxy for the rate of criminal behavior), blacks were stopped 23% and hispanics 39% more often than whites (pg.18).” The way in which the data was collected was by the authors “using hierarchical multilevel models to adjust for precinct-level variability, thus directly addressing the question of geographic heterogeneity that arises in the analysis of pedestrian stops (pg.1).” Even with the data that they collected they determined that ‘African and Hispanic descent were stopped more frequently than whites.” Having these findings presented, the question is why are minorities being stopped more frequently than whites. To answer this question we must understand that people have biases, and have subconscious biases. With members in law enforcement being human, they also suffer...
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...Statistics from 2012 have stated more then 16% of the United States poopulation live in poverty, which includes more then 20% of American children. Statisically, the poverty rate is much higher with minorities in the United States, especially in African Americans. The poverty rate for African Americans was at 28.1% which is very high. Also, African Americans also remain the lowest of any group making the lowest income yearly. Sadly, race between all minorities plays a big a part why any minority would be in poverty. African Americans and other minorities such as Hispanics are more subject to racial discrimination and hate crimes then any other ethic group. Although they are other factors into why minorities statistically are the biggest group of people in poverty, race plays a big part in it. They have been progress since the Civil War from an individual standpoint but the imbalance between a minority and the white american, specifically in the economic area still is tenacious. Among African American students and other ethic groups that don’t have the privilege to grow up in a nice wealthy area with great schools and a school system that can provide the proper materials and books for school are more subject to dropping out of high school and more then likely not graduate high school. Minority students drop out at a high rate then white...
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...Massive Incarceration: A Racial Perspective Sociology 350N Abstract In 2010 there was a significant imbalance in the incarceration rate of males within the U.S.; these differences were among the ethnic groups of Caucasian (white), Hispanic and African American (black). In reference to the number of people incarcerated per 100,000 in their individual group, black males had the highest number of inmates, followed by Hispanic males; however, white males had the lowest number of prisoners (Wagner, 2012). We must ask the question “why”. Why and how is this occurring? The United States has the highest incarceration rate in the world; so, is the system that was designed to protect and serve abusing its power. Some factors that can possibly be contributing to this disproportion is socioeconomic status, prejudices within the criminal justice system and power investments. Massive Incarceration: A Racial Perspective Introduction Today the US makes up for about 5% of the world’s population and carries 25% of the world’s prisoners, this 20% difference shows that the US imprisons more people then actually living in the country (NAACP, 2015). This is the highest prison population when compared to other countries. Records show from 1980 to 2008, the number of individuals that have been incarcerated has quadrupled from 500,000 to 2.3 million (NAACP, 2015). During that time frame crime & poverty rates have also increased dramatically, while unemployment & educational...
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...The battle between natural law and human law is very present , a described in, A Letter From Birmingham Jail by Martin Luther King Jr., and Antigone by Sophocles. In both tales, two minorities fight to overcome the great power of human law in order to do right by the almighty power of natural law. As well as the struggle to enforce natural law, the feat to restore universal humanity to society is an immense focus point throughout both, A Letter From Birmingham Jail, and Antigone. Both are tales that live on for ages due to the great virtue represented within each. “We know through painful experience that freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor; it must be demanded by the oppressed.” (Martin Luther King Jr., Letter From Birmingham...
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...culturally diverse patient population. There has always been cultural diversity in Ireland. There has always been ‘people of colour’ in Ireland, including black Irish and other EU citizens and this visible form of diversity has also increased in recent years and is now part of the fabric of Ireland’s increasingly multicultural society. The increasing diversity means that the people who are seeking to avail of our healthcare services are from a broader range of ethnic groups than previously experienced. It is clear that cultural diversity is a key challenge for the Irish health care sector, both in terms of diversity in the workplace and the development and enhancement of service delivery that has the potential to impact positively on minority ethnic groups. 2. Within the community I live in, I feel that Hispanics are rising and especially within the healthcare system. Hispanics have very strong family connections, and have a variety of beliefs regarding healthcare. Some believe in folk medicines such as herbs. Folk medicine has a long-standing place in Hispanic-American culture, and is especially common among first-generation Hispanics. Treatments include massages, herbs, counseling based on their spiritual capacities, and cleanings that are performed as baths with a particular mix of plants. Hispanic-Americans commonly perceive health as a gift from God regardless of whether they take part in the folk system of healing. Health can be...
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...gender quotas.[1] In the private sector, an employer’s pursuit of numerically fixed race or gender balance is suspect under Title VII.[2] Under both bodies of antidiscrimination law, quotas are regarded as discrimination. If a civil rights initiative can be portrayed as encouraging employers to adopt quotas, its political demise is nearly certain in the United States.[3] Narrow forms of affirmative action have survived, legally and politically, only to the extent that they can be distinguished from quotas. Quotas are so widely regarded as legally, politically, and morally repugnant that they are taboo: The “q-word”[4] is rarely the subject of any serious debate, even by those who favor stronger civil rights protections for women and minorities. The related belief in the illegitimacy of ever pursuing numerically informed demographic balance – especially along lines of race or gender -- is gaining strength in the Supreme Court’s major antidiscrimination cases in the last several years.[5] It is widely accepted – even by civil rights advocates – that pursuing racial or gender balance as a goal, “for its own sake,” would be illegitimate.[6] This principle threatens the constitutionality of race-based affirmative action, which may meet its demise in Fisher v. Texas next Term. Meanwhile, in Europe, quotas have made a definitive comeback, as a way of pursuing gender equality. Legislative and constitutional transformations over the last few years have led to the adoption of various...
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...Running head: WHY NOT ME? Why Not Me? African Americans and Organ Donation XXXX XXXXX Winston Salem State University CONTENTS ABSTRACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 THE IMBALANCE OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 THE ROOT OF AFRICAN AMERICAN DISPROPORTION OF ORGAN NEED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 THE ROOT OF AFRICAN AMERICAN DISPROPORTION OF DONATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Abstract This article takes a brief look at an informal discussion of three groups of African Americans on organ donation as well as the author’s personal decision to become an organ and tissue donor. The disproportion of African American need to African American donation and the root causes are explored. Religious beliefs and uncertainties about the death process held the highest concerns in the three groups. WHY NOT ME? African Americans and Organ Donation I was 15 years old when I found out that Billy was my brother. My father explained that Billy’s mother...
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...James has no contact with his father,raising concerns around paternal attachment and possible negative lifeevents/experiences due to separation. The assessment will need to explore howJames and his family view this separation; again each may hold conflictingviews and this must be sensitively addressed. One must consider that the immediate familyunit, the extended family and professionals may all have differing perceptionsof families with same-sex caregivers; some view this as strength whereas otherswill see membership of a minority group as a risk. Family members themselvesmay negatively discriminate on the basis of sexuality. Prior awareness of thepossibility of conflicting opinions will enable the worker to reactthoughtfully and mediate effectively. The social worker should criticallyevaluate their own practice continuously, checking for assumptions,stereotyping and cultural bias. Preparation for the assessment should beginwith ensuring an appropriate social worker is allocated. The team managershould consider the field workers knowledge and understanding of the issuespertaining to this particular family (for example youth offending,discrimination/oppression based on sexuality/gender, attachment issues etc), aswell as ensuring the worker is an appropriate match in terms of race and gender. Once a suitable worker is allocated thecase, he/she will need to refer to all information gathered previously. Thiswill prevent the family repeating sensitive information again, and...
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...counselors we will found that unlike traditional forms of bullying, youth who are bullied electronically such as by computer or cell phone are at higher risk for depression than the youth who bully them. It will be surprising; we will find that cyber victims were at higher risk for depression than were cyber bullies or bully-victims those who both bully others and are bullied themselves, which was not found in any other form of bullying. We most agree that what sets bullying apart from mean behavior is that bullies intend to harm their targets. There’s also an imbalance of power and the acts are usually repeated. Lets understand the three components. Power imbalance is when there is an imbalance of power and it is hard for the target to defend himself against the bully’s attacks. This difference in power can be physical or psychological. For instance, in cases of physical imbalances, the bully may be older, larger or stronger. Or, there may be a gang of bullies targeting the victim. Meanwhile, psychological...
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...Americans are moving toward Martin Luther King Jr.’s dream of racial equality, yet a gap between races remains. This racial segregation is prevalent in the media, particularly in advertisements, magazines, and television. Today’s media have been more inclusive of different ethnic minorities, as the numerical representation of, for example, African Americans has increased. The media, however, have been condemned for exhibiting and perpetuating the racism still existent in our culture. This critique is due mainly in part to the media’s contribution to the social construction of minority stereotypes. Through the media, stereotypes generally distort the images of minority groups, thereby revealing white Americans’ attitudes toward minorities, particularly African Americans. The most dominant attitude promulgated by the media is one that emphasizes low status roles of African Americans. Although more minorities are being represented in contemporary media, the progression of race relations is often diminished by racist overtones that insinuate inferiority of African Americans. Subordination of African Americans through media stereotypes reflects an asymmetrical stance on race relations. An asymmetric race relation is founded in the notions of white domination and black inferiority, with whites on the higher end of the seesaw. While most degrading stereotypical portrayals of African Americans as slaves, porters, coons, and bucks, have faded, depictions of African Americans still remain...
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...Tiarra Merrill Sociology 472 9/10/2015 Society make it had for minorities to raise above the means of being successful. Society puts this sigma amongst us humans which is a “negative social label that not only changes others behaviors towards a person but also alters that person’s self-concept and social identity” (Chandra waring) this stigma deters humans from being able to achieve this whole idea of the “American Dream”. Merton’s strain theory is when deviance occur when a society does not give its members equal ability to achieve socially acceptable goals. They do not have the means to move up on the social latter, it starts with the social institution Education, this is said to be the elevator to social mobility. According to Merton’s strain perspective, “crime and deviance occur when structures of opportunity are mismatched to culturally prescribed aspirations” (Werner, 153 ) I believe when citizens do not have that guidance, resources or support within their communities they are left to provide for themselves, they have no legitimate way out so they resort to finding a way out though illegitimate means. According to Werner “man people are not able to achieve culturally defined goals through socially legitimate means available to them” (Werner, 153). Merton believe otherwise, he believe in a stable society this shouldn’t be an excuse for your failures, everyone has the opportunity to make it out of poverty and reach this “American Dream” it is if you want it or not...
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