...“America’s industrial might was built principally on immigrant labour”. Discuss with reference to the period from the 1880s to through World War I. The backbone of America’s Might A variety of factors contributed to the preeminence of American industrial power in the late 19th and early twentieth century. Whereas the United States enjoyed an abundance of domestic raw materials, technological advancements by scientific entrepreneurs, and a battery of talented business entrepreneurs assisted by a compliant federal government, the most convenient and probably most critical progressive factor was the influx of a cheap, non-American immigrant labour force. Brinkley in his work “The Unfinished Nation: A Concise History of the American People” is careful to point out that America rise in industrialization occurred in half the period of time that England took to achieve the same. Though some scholars argue that the U.S. was already steering toward industrial prominence since the early 1800s, the majority agree that last three decades prior to the 1920s witnessed an incredible surge in economic growth that heralded America’s supremacy thereafter. By 1900, over $3.4 billion in foreign wealth fueled the economy of the US.Of course, a comparison of England’s and America’s progress in industrialization is wanted, and would yield points that support the main thesis. One way to understand the rapid growth of American industries as opposed to English industries is to view the industrial...
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...to Beijing. To help cement new diplomatic relations, Mao sent a number of Chinese to the continent in the 1960s, as well as 150,000 technicians between the 1950s and 1970s, to work in agriculture, technology, and infrastructure. Most returned to China after completing their contracts. Those were not the first wave of immigrants coming from China to Africa. For that we have to go way back in the 17th century. The first Chinese immigration took place in South Africa. They were prisoners, usually debtors, exiled from Batavia by the Dutch to their then newly founded colony at Cape Town in 1660. From that time until the late 19th century the number of Chinese people in the Cape Colony never exceeded 100. Chinese people began arriving in large numbers in South Africa in the 1870s through to the early 20th century initially in hopes of making their fortune on the diamond and gold mines in Kimberley and the Witwatersrand respectively. Most were independent immigrants mostly coming from Guangdong Province then known as Canton. Due to anti-Chinese feeling and racial discrimination at the time they were prevented from obtaining mining contracts and so became entrepreneurs and small business owners instead. Nowadays, The BBC reports the Chinese presence...
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...Prior to the industrial revolution United States mainly struggled maintaining stable flow in its economics and politics. Despite all U.S. had gone through, this part of world was always attractive to Europeans and Europe encouraged Americans to absorb the rules of new era that required industrial revolution. Although industrialization started in United States by early 19th century, but total industrial revolution took place since Civil War ended; and it started booming by the beginning of 20th century. Three major aspects of industrialization during 1865 and 1920 that influenced U.S. society, economy, and politics. Consider issues such as geography, entrepreneurship, legislative representation, etc. In terms of its aspects, many aspects of industrialization can be identified. Among those, innovations & technology, capitalism and labor unions were the most important and obvious aspects of this revolutionized era. * Innovations & technology Well educated people who had observed an industrial change in Western Europe were so enthusiastic about applying the same in the States. These people were mainly from north eastern part of the country, because universities were established in this part of the country earlier than any other part. Incandescent light bulb was revolutionary innovation which had a direct impact on all areas of industry. Thomas Edison was the genius behind this innovation, whose idea made it possible to work for longer hours, even after sunset in...
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...medicine beyond the level of nursing was limited. -By the late 1860’s medical colleges had strict controls on the number of women they admitted and allowed to graduate, largely as a result of opposition from male physicians. Nevertheless there was an increase at this time in the number of women beginning to be admitted into higher education generally. Growth of industry -The civil war acted as a catalyst in speeding up the progress of the US towards becoming the world’s leading industrial nation. This increased the work opportunities for women when the war ended. By 1870, 13% of all unmarried women already worked in domestic occupations or increasingly in factories. This figure was to expand significantly in the remaining decades of the 19th century. -The situation for married women, however, did not change significantly. Married women were often banned from working outside the home, either by the policies of some employers or by state legislation. In any case, the overwhelming expectation was that once they were married, women would give up their jobs and be entirely focused on home and family. Married working-class women, however, who needed to augment the family income or escape poverty could participate in laundry, mending or lodgers. Westward Expansion -Further westward expansion in the 1860’s and settlement on the hostile territory of the Great Plains proved especially hard for women in...
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...to be getting an education but instead are working underage. The steel and oil industries fueled the growth of the American economy. U.S. politics were influenced by the industrialization by creating laws that prohibited many immigrants from obtaining their freedom and rights. The three major aspects that influenced U.S. society, economy, and politics during the industrialization were first the types of employment of geographical region. Workers in the south primarily farmed. The women in both the rural and urban areas engaged in paid labor inside and outside the homes. There work was occupied with the work they traditionally performed on the farms before the industrialization. The south had little to none manufacturing capability in which cotton was one of the most valuable exports in the south. The north was already exposed to the industry and was highly industrialized. The pace of the working industry of northern workers was much faster than the pace of southern workers. Another aspect that influenced U.S. society economy and politics during the industrialization was the industrial tycoon entrepreneurs of the late 19th and early 20th century. Andrew Carnegie was one of the wealthiest self made steel tycoons of the 19th century. Carnegie started off as a poor factory worker working a...
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...1.1 How and why the American society industrialized in the late 19th century Industrialization is a period characterized by social and economic changes that result in transition of an agrarian society towards an industrialized one. It involves changing the ways and methods of manufacturing. In the late 19th century, the various factors that contributed to the industrialization of America as discussed below. Use of advanced methods of production which included the use of machines in manufacturing enabled mass production of commodities. The large manufacturing firms offered employment to her population. Division of labor that resulted meant increased production. America is endowed with a rich and varied natural resource base. The water supply helped generate power for running industrial machines while the large forest resource provided timber. Coal was used in the railway transport to provide energy. By 1850 America had already laid 14500 km of rail on her soil and by the 1900 it had reached 320000km making the distribution of goods become faster with low cost of production as a result .Communication also improved with railways taking over from stagecoach in mail delivery. Alexander Graham Bell discovered the telephone in 1876 further making communication more efficient. During the period of industrialization, the population...
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...Even though women currently are changing the future of business entrepreneurs through history have made a difference during their lifetime. During the 19th century Andrew carnegie was the wealthiest businessman and a owner of a famous steel company. This man was either a nice person that gave away his money to the public or made people suffer by paying his workers less, or even having workers lose a leg to maintain their family. Andrew Carnegie came from an immigrant family that immigrated to the United States when he was a young boy. During his childhood he would worked a series of railroad jobs. However, by 1889 he owned his own steel corporation, that was known as the largest in the world. This exemplifies that even though Andrew Carnegie came from a difficult childhood he still was available to face the challenges of the world later on in life as a successful businessman but affected the way he treated people....
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...Even though women currently are changing the future of business entrepreneurs through history have made a difference during their lifetime. During the 19th century Andrew carnegie was the wealthiest businessman and a owner of a famous steel company. This man was either a nice person that gave away his money to the public or made people suffer by paying his workers less, or even having workers lose a leg to maintain their family. Andrew Carnegie came from an immigrant family that immigrated to the United States when he was a young boy. During his childhood he would worked a series of railroad jobs. However, by 1889 he owned his own steel corporation, that was known as the largest in the world. This exemplifies that even though Andrew Carnegie came from a difficult childhood he still was available to face the challenges of the world later on in life as a successful businessman but affected the way he treated people....
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...industrializing like other nations, such as Great Britain. Not only did America depend on farming but since there were not many cities, most people lived in small urban areas. It took the U.S. a lot longer to industrialize because at that time it was a lot more profitable to farm since there were plenty of cheap labors from slaves. Before one would know it, the United States became the greatest industrial nations, because cities began to grow rapidly. The two key factors that helped the industrial growth were Business and Immigrants because of technology and jobs. The first key factor was the big business that helped industrial growth in America. The...
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...rights violations in U.S. history. The industrialization of America was a great time of achievement monetarily and technologically and put the United States on the map as the most powerful economy in the world. Before industrialization the United States was considered to be an “economic backwater” (Schultz, 2014, chapter 17). Three major aspects of industrialization during 1865 and 1920 that influenced the United States were economy, immigration, and the abolishment of slavery. ). The industrialized society of America produced tons of jobs, urbanization, and an influx of immigration from southern and eastern Europeans. Due to innovative and aggressive entrepreneurs, it left wide gaps between the rich and the poor, black and white, immigrants and natives (Schultz, 2014, chapter 17). A group of innovative and aggressive entrepreneurs became the catalyst for the growth of the U.S. economy. After the Civil War, American material output increased dramatically, and big businesses extended their reach deeper into American life. Together, these events revolutionized the way Americans lived, no matter which region (Schultz, 2014, , chapter 17). The industrial revolution caused the main energy resources to shift from animals and human labor to large machines. Schulz eloquently relayed; “Businessmen between 1865 and 1915 used continuing technological breakthroughs and creative financing to bring greater efficiency to their businesses, which dramatically expanded their markets and their...
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...OVERSEAS CHINESE TABLE INTRODUCTION: Defining overseas Chinese 4 UNDERSTANDING OVERSEAS CHINESE A. History and cultural background 1. Southeast Asia 2. North America 3. Europe 4. Chinatowns B. The reasons for immigrating abroad 1. Political reasons 2. Economic and social reasons C. Current status 1. Population distribution 2. Southeast Asia a. The overseas Chinese’s paradox b. The Indonesian case 3. The United States 4. Europe BUSINESS WORLD OF CHINESE A. Rise of Global Chinese Companies & Huaqiao B. Regional Analysis 1. Asia 2. The United States 3. Europe C. Size of Chinese Capital Worldwide SUCCESS OF OVERSEAS CHINESE A. The Business Style B. The Downside of their Business Style THE CHANGES IN THE OVERSEAS CHINSESE SOCIETY A. Old and New Generation: How are they Different? B. The New Business of the New Generation C. The New Trend in the Chinese Immigration CONCLUSION A. Future Outlook of the Hua Qiao B. The opportunity to work with Overseas Chinese: WCEC 2005 in Seoul Introduction Defining overseas Chinese Overseas Chinese are ethnic Chinese people who live outside of China. China, in this usage, may refer to Greater China including territory currently administered by the rival governments of the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China as per traditional definitions of the term prior to the Chinese civil war, or only to the People's Republic of China by some quarters. In addition, the government of the Republic of China granted residents...
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...for the Klu Klux Klan but it was. During this time the KKK claimed to be a an advocate for ‘"old-fashioned values," but their idea of protecting their way of life was to destroy others (Source G). Of course the KKK continued its assault on the black community, but it also devoted new attention to the immigrants that came to the cities. The tension between immigrants and the xenophobic traditionalist wasp Americans, was very prominent in the 1920s (Source L).During the previous half century, the United States had undergone possibly the most dramatic metamorphosis in it’s short history.. It had transformed itself from a fragmented, regional agrarian economy into one of the most powerful industrial and urban economies of the world (Document D) and this work force was comprised of a large amount of immigrants. Everyone heard fairy tales of the opportunities i industry in America so everyone wanted to come here and as the value of the factory worker rose, the value of the farmer rapidly gave way to the industrialist, the capitalist, and the entrepreneur. And as the transition from agriculture to industry continued so did the rift between the southern farmer and the northern, immigrant factory...
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...nation produced significant urban growth. This increase reflected a population increase in the national as a whole thanks to an increasing flow of people into cities from farms of the Northeast and immigration from abroad. The majority of Irish immigrants were young single women, who had practically no money, making...
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...which extended from post reconstruction into the early 20th century and consisted of the laborers of which was the most significant portion of the population; and the management which included a very select, miniscule percentage of the population. During this period agrarian work declined and did not have a large effect on the Labor Movement and the corresponding events...
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... ii Business model: one company controls all aspects of production iii Predatory pricing 2. Standard Oil and the Rise of the Trusts iv King of petroleum: John D. Rockefeller of Standard Oil v Cleveland Ohio became great refining center vi Budding tycoons all used vertical integration B) A National Consumer Culture 3. Corporation’s Innovations vii Bell Telephone & Westinghouse setting up research laboratories viii Steel Makers invest in chemistry and material science, making products cheaper 4. Thomas Edison ix Operated independent laboratory rather than working for corporation x Shrewd entrepreneur who focused on commercial success xi Introduced the incandescent light bulb, phonograph, and moving pictures 5. Department Stores xii Pioneered by John Wanamaker xiii Soon became urban fixture, displacing many small retail shops 6. Country Fairs xiv Allowed farming families to examine latest innovations 7. Mail-Order Enterprises xv Montgomery Ward and Sears xvi Annual catalogs C) The Corporate Workplace i. White-collar workers: those who held professional positions within a corporation ii. Blue-collar workers: those who worked on the shop floor 8. The Managerial Revolution xvii Railroads led...
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