...Immigration and Canada’s Aging Demographic With more people living longer and having fewer children, can the arrival of immigrants help to stabilize the balance between generations? Immigrants play an important role in supporting programs that maintain an aging work force but immigration may not be able to relieve Canada of the challenges of an aging population. One in seven Canadians is a senior citizen, 13.7% of the Canadian population was over 65 in 2006, with the fastest growing group being seniors aged 85 years or old (Soc. p. 278). The proportion of seniors will double by 2031, totalling around 25% of the population (Soc. p. 278) In September 2005, Statistics Canada released a study on the population of Canada. This report gave a detailed picture of past, present and future population trends. Understanding population trends is important to the running of social and economic systems and plays an important role in determining government policy. The report contains a warning that Ottawa and other levels of government in Canada need to make some dramatic policy changes to meet the demographic challenges of the future. The Statistics Canada Report shows that Canada’s fertility rate is 1.5 children per female. With Canada’s aging population of “baby boomers” it means that in twenty years death may outpace births. This means as Canadians we are not even “replacing” ourselves. As a result, the growth rate in our population will change from increases to an actual decrease...
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...Abstract Immigration is the subject of much debate in the United States. Throughout that debate many differing topics are discussed including politics, national security, financial burden and over population. The topic that many would expect to see here is race but it is not part of the current discussion on immigration. Immigration Immigration has been a controversial subject throughout the history of the United States. In the past much of the conversation about immigration had to do with race and racism. Today the conversation has shifted to topics such as politics, security, financial drain on society, and overpopulation. Race is no longer the driving factor in the current debate over immigration in the United States. Politics If you were to look in the newspaper or online for the topic of immigration most of what you will find is about President Obama’s immigration reform. In November of 2014 Obama enacted an executive order to protect up to five million illegal immigrants from deportation. Since then Obama has been sued by a coalition of 25 states. A Texas court issued an injunction to stop Obama’s executive order from being implemented (Hill, 2015). This injunction was then upheld by a federal court and the Justice Department now plans to appeal that decision (Hill, 2015). Immigration has become a very political issue that both Republicans and Democrats feel requires change. Unfortunately the two parties have yet to come to any sort of agreement as to what those changes...
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...Australia, which is a relatively high-immigration country and a popular nation to immigrants all around the world. Since ancient time, Australia attracts a mass of immigrants to study or work because of the clean natural environment, biology diversity and rich natural resources, perfect education system as well as the multicultural society (Ehow, n.d.). It should be acknowledged that immigration has played an integral role in Australia’s population increase and economic development (Migration Expert, n.d.). The immigration in Australia has undergone a long-term process. Firstly, indigenous inhabitants have lived in Australia for approximately 40,000 years. On 26 January 1788, a date known as ‘Australia Day’ at present, the Britain’s first...
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...Illegal Immigration Introduction The relationship between illegal immigration and crime is an extremely controversial and politically fueled issue. Both immigrations and crime are perceived as threats to public safety and illegal immigrants are easy targets for blame by society. This holds true in he City of Costa Mesa and in Orange County as a whole. Specifically, the Costa Mesa Police Department and the Orange County Sheriff Office has implemented policy to check the immigration status of individuals arrested for serious crimes. This policy has an affect, most notably, on the large Hispanic community living in Costa Mesa and the greater Orange County area. Many community social services agencies are caught in the middle of this politically sensitive issue, as they provide services to residents, many illegal immigrants. This social welfare policy has created a great divide between many within the community and society as a whole. Immigration has become a major issue in both national and local politics with many political officials taking both sides of the issues. Republicans and democrats are split on this issue, which has become embedded in the fight for terrorism. A effort to protect this country from future attacks from terrorist has translated to a local level of enforcing immigration laws. In an effort to decrease criminal activity in local communities, Costa Mesa and Orange County officials has taken on the issue of illegal immigration in their communities...
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...Introduction Topic Overview In recent years, illegal immigration has been the topic of public discourse (Wucker, 2007). The public discourse is mainly due to the sensitivity of the issue of illegal immigration and the burden attributable to the resulting population explosion is placing on the governments and citizens as well as legal residents of states and counties in the United States (Martin, 2008). The recent enforcement of U. S. Department of Homeland Security (U.S. DHS) laws, which started in 2006, is working (Camarota & Jensenius, 2008) but the enforcement is not reducing illegal immigration, especially on the United States’ Southern border (Ewing, 2008). Baker et al, in a U. S. Department of Homeland Security report show, from 2006 to 2007 the illegal immigrant population increased by 4% (Baker, Hoefer, & Rytina, 2008). Illegal immigrant population is declining because of border enforcement of immigration laws (Camarota & Jensenius, 2008). The loss of jobs due to economic downturn in the country can also account for declining illegal immigrant population (Grayson, 2008). Despite the declining population of illegal immigrants due to enforcement, illegal immigration is still a challenge (Ewing, 2008). The persistence of illegal immigration on the border implies that the countermeasures in use in fighting illegal immigration on the borders appear to need revisions (Ewing, 2008). Statement of the Research Problem Statement of the Problem According to a report by US...
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...Immigration Pros and Cons The following article explains the immigration pros and cons in detail. Read on to know whether immigration is advantages for the host country and the immigrant or not... Immigration, which can be defined as the moving away of people, from one's own country to another country, in search of better standards of living or for education or to escape any ill circumstances in one's own country, has been a world phenomenon since ages. Today, with globalization and the entire world becoming a kind of single economy, where people are free to move about to work or do business in any other country, immigration is pretty common and a large phenomenon. Although, there are both advantages and disadvantages of immigration, still they do not deter people from moving away from their own native land to live in some other country. Given below are the commonly experienced and observed immigration pros and cons. Pros and Cons of Immigration Pros: Better Standard of Living One of the most important advantages of immigration, on an individual level, is that people are able to earn a lot more than in their native country and thus, have a better standard of living. Personal and Professional Growth Another advantage of immigration is that when people from different cultures, with their own set of values and ways of working, come in contact, they tend to imbibe some of the useful and good values and working methods of the others and thus, grow as individuals and professionals...
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...The need for reform of the immigration system in the United States Introduction The lack of results from the Obama administration on the overall reform of the immigration system of the United States is due to the inability of the immigration system to regulate increasing legal admissions and growth of irregular immigration of a regional provenance. The political viability of the reform depends on the consent of the elected Republican opposition. This has contributes to organize structural blockage for reform for over fifteen years, evidencing the high degree of polarization of the immigration topic issue in American society. Given the circumstances, the likelihood of a reform in the next years is very uncertain. This paper aims to explain the lack of results from the Obama administration on the reform of the immigration system. It will analyze first, the main motivation for reform of the immigration system: it has become unable to properly regulate a rapidly growing immigration. It will then offer, a series of explanatory reasons for failure: the low priority given to the immigration issue, errors, but especially the structurally cleaving nature of the reform. Why is the reform of the immigration system a necessity? The Characteristics of the US Immigration System To understand the need for reform of the US immigration system, it is necessary to go back to first principles ensuring its operation. The United States regulates the admission of foreigners on their territory...
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...Why reproduction is a need. Reproduction may not seem important because of the large populations today, but it is a basic need that we aren’t meeting here in the United States. Corning lists it as one of the fourteen basic needs because it is crucial for the survival of the species and will cause a variety of harms if it is not satisfied. It’s common knowledge that in order for a species to survive, it must reproduce itself. This applies to the human race as well. In the long-term, consequences of not enough reproduction could be extinction as we know it. However, more realistically, in the short term, it is essential for normal day-to-day and economic productivity. If there aren’t enough people around in your age group due to low reproduction, social relations become difficult, and so does communication. Economically, if there aren’t enough people participating in the market, then it will grow unstable. On an individual level, once a child is raised in a family, there will be an economic return in them providing for that individual later. This could be accomplished through direct interaction from child to parent, or from someone receiving benefits from someone else’s child from the Social Security Administration after retirement. That is the focus here. If we cannot successfully reproduce over the next generation, then there won’t be enough workers to attend to the retirees from the previous generation that rely on Social Security. This makes reproduction a need. Why it isn’t...
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...causing migration. Migration trends also need to be understood in terms of the characteristics of immigrating groups. In so doing the cause behind the migration of these groups becomes evident. This research tackles the factors causing immigration whilst paying special attention to the role played by government policy and state action. This is mainly because emigration and immigration have, over the years, become state affairs transcending the personal requirements of individuals. Countries have adopted strict laws, policies and protocols that guide the emigration and immigration processes. The paper established a deep correlation between these laws, policies and protocols and the migration patterns. This was after analysis of available migration statistics as well as government policy and state action. The latter was found to have a rooted influence on the former either directly or indirectly. In the direct influence, government policy presents a push or pull factor that necessitated migration. In the indirect influence, government policies affect other push or pull factors that in turn accept migration. Thesis Statement The current government policies, laws and protocols coupled with relevant state action impact the global emigration and immigration trends. In order to fully address the thesis statement, the research paper is organised into three sections that...
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...Immigration of Yesterday and Today As I was a child growing up in Southern California I never once doubted my citizenship or right to live in the United States. However, that was until one of my older friends in my neighborhood was shockingly deported when I was in the ninth grade. Since that time the issue of immigration has definitely been more relevant in my mind but honestly not that important. Maybe it’s because of the fact that the majority of American citizens never think about serious issues outside of the ones that directly affect them. When in reality the issue of immigration is so enormous that it not only affects the United States but the entire world. Throughout the past fifty years there has definitely been events that have changed, shaped and influenced the public opinion and perception of immigration greatly. In 2014, one of these events occurred when United States President Barack Obama decided to implement a major executive action on immigration policy, offering temporary legal status to millions of illegal immigrants, along with an indefinite reprieve from deportation (Ehrenfreund). This significant event now meant that the idea and topic of immigration was currently ever present and may change a vast amount of opinions in our country. In order to understand who we are today as a culture concerning immigration, it is important to know how we came about to our current status. During the 1960s when the civil rights movement was gaining momentum, our country...
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...Analyze a Social Issue - Final Paper Population growth occurs through birth rates, death rates, and immigration. Some states are affected by population growth more than others and one of the largest contributors is owned by the high level of immigration in certain areas, such as Texas. If growth continues on the path that it is currently on, the state will suffer the changes that will occur. The current census reports over 25 billion people in the United States but with the projected growth this number can exceed 400 billion within the next century. Illegal immigration accounts for a large portion of this increase and the majority of Texas’ immigration is from Mexico because of geographical location and cultural diversity that already exists in the state. Over the years, illegal immigrants are earning naturalization or obtaining permanent citizenship which allows them access to government benefits. It is also stated that the death per birth ratio is lower in Texas than the national average which causes an even higher amount of population growth every year. This kind of growth will cause a higher level of poverty, urbanization, social inequity, and environmental damage. If a solution is not determined soon on how to lower the growth rate, the state will also suffer detrimental impacts to employment rates and government benefits such as social security and government provided medical care and assistance. The quality of our future, and our next generations, depends on a rational...
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... 1. Why have governments tended to avoid the problem of pension reform? Why is it harder to avoid the problem in the 21st century? How the demographic changes have created problems for pensions? Governments are worried about the sustainability of current pension schemes as changes in demographics are indicating that these schemes will not be able to sustain themselves in a few years time. Fertility rates heavily increased in the post World War II period (1960 a representative year) and decreased subsequently, creating the “baby boom”, which has been an important factor in the 21st century population aging. Current fertility rates are experiencing historic lows; at an European Union (EU ) average 1.58 live births per woman, it is significantly below the level needed to replace the population (2.1) . Such changes have significantly increased the average percentage of EU population aged 65 and over, from 9.6% in 1960 to 16% in 2010, which is expected to increase to 22.6% by 2030 . This statistic shows that increasingly more people will have to be supported by government pensions. In the EU the average life expectancy at birth has risen by 10 years over the last 50 years , which means that pension schemes have to support each member increasingly longer than before. The average old age dependency ratio (OADR) in the EU, which measures the amount of elderly people for every 100 people of working age, has increased from 15% in 1960 to 23.6% in 2010 and is projected to hit 36...
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...Immigrants make up a considerable proportion of the Canadian population. At the time of the 1991 Census, there were 4.3 million immigrants living in Canada, which is 16% of the total Canadian population. (See Graph 1, Immigrants as a Percentage of Canada's Population, 1901-1996) Over the past decades the level of immigration in Canada has increased from an average of 137 000 immigrants arriving in Canada in the 1960s to an average of about 200 000 in 1998. (See Table1, Annual Immigration Plan 1998) The largest share of immigrants admitted into Canada are in the economic class, in 1994, close to half of the new immigrants coming to Canada were economic class immigrants. Immigration is needed to maintain the Canadian population; "Canada will be an aging society with such a low birth rate that it will soon be unable to sustain its population without sustained immigration." Immigrants are a source of labour to the Canadian economy; immigrants are as likely as people born in Canada to be employed, and many are skilled workers that the Canadian economy is in need of. Business class, investor and entrepreneur immigrant help to provide job opportunities in the economy, and also generate more economic activities and income for the Canadian economy. "Analysis of data from the household/family file of the 1981 Canadian Census of Population reveals that, regardless of origin, immigrants benefit the Canadian-born population through the public treasury." Immigrants are an aid to the Canadian...
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...moved into new geographical territories with various reasons that motivate them. The most basic motivation of discovering and searching new territories is for economic development which is the terms of immigration. And there are not many of economically developed countries, which pulls high number of immigrants and takes actual high percentages in immigrant statistics. In present time, this immigration experience assumes as the constant affairs of American life. Because the views of people from other countries are America as the land of full opportunities for their better life no matter that they are coming in America legally or illegally. Juan Gonzales the author of the book titled, Harvest of Empire, criticized and analyzed this view by focusing on the Latino population of immigration and how the America’s foreign policies influences toward it. In his work, Juan Gonzales tries to overviewing how the Latino immigrants started to move in American historically and he also provides an analysis of the current events that showing the effects and frictions on Latino population thereby America’s politics and diplomacy. During reading Harvest of Empire by Juan Gonzales, I thought a lot of time that this book is for all people who want to know about the history of Latino immigration in America in detail. Because Gonzalez delivers Latino’s historical processes of movement and settlement through all over the time periods from past to present day and divides his book into three parts...
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...[pic] Университет за Национално и Световно Стопанство Направление: Икономика с преподаване на Английски език КУРСОВА РАБОТА тема : Economic immigration: the case of Spain Изготвил: Венелина Цветанова Каменова Фак. Ном.: 10114103 Преподавател: Кръстьо Петков 2010 година Съдържание Why did I choose this topic? I. Introduction 1. The term immigration 1.1 The term immigration and the general theories behind it 1.2. Economic migrant 2. Global immigration 3. Immigration in Europe 1. Immigration within Europe 2. Immigration from outside of Europe II. The case of Spain 1. Immigration laws and policies in Spain 2. Main countries from where people emigrate to Spain 1. Bulgarians in Spain 3. Main reasons for choosing Spain III. Conclusion The data used in this project is from year 2005. Why did I choose this topic? Watching half of my classmates applying in foreign universities and many of my friends and family choosing to live abroad in order to have “better life” made me wonder what the reasons behind the migrations are. I was interested in the scientific explanation behind the migration processes. This paper gave me the opportunity to understand the incentives behind people’s decisions and the main reasons, pushing people from our own country. And even if I didn’t choose the case of Spain for my topic it...
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