...time. Around 1040 A.D., the world's first known movable type system for printing was invented in China. China made little use of their invention because literacy was not widespread, so there was little demand for mass printing of books. But the printing technology was spread rapidly across Europe. In 1400 A.D., a German goldsmith, Johannes Gutenberg had invented printing press machine with movable type which allowed books to be reproduced in masses. The first book printed with this technique is The Bible. With the printing press technology, books can be printed quickly and with less effort, hence the cost of bookmaking reduced and this made books available for a much bigger audience. The invention of printing technology has a dramatic impact on the Europe civilization. As information and ideas were able to be spread more quickly and accurately, it helped spread literacy in public. Nevertheless, books were not regarded as a mass medium for at least a century. Besides that, printing press also gave rise to the development of newspapers. The newspaper was developed around 1600. Nieuwe Tidingen was one of the...
Words: 2300 - Pages: 10
...Unit 18: Advertising and Promotion in Business LO1: Understand the scope of marketing communications 1.1 explain the communication process that applies to advertising and promotion The communication process specific for advertising is known as Advertising Communication Model. There are following stages in this communication process which include, the sender presents the idea and what he wants to accomplish (to an advertising agency), encodes the idea as a message in advertising media, and then message is transmitted via communication channels (media mix). The last step is the receiving step where the target audience encounters the advertisement with the message and reacts giving a feedback. 1.2 explain the organisation of advertising and promotion industry The major components of the advertising industry are: 1)Advertisers: businesses and product makers wishing to promote 2)Advertising and promotional Agencies: encode messages, produce adverts and campaigns 3)Media: offers channels and broadcasting services to place adverts 4)Consumers: target audience 5)Government regulators: control advertisements’ placement and content according to laws and to protect the public interest 1.3 assess how promotion is regulated Advertising is regulated through: * Self-Regulation: by advertisers and promotional agencies to maintain consumer trust and confidence * Local Authority Regulation: for display boards and local events * Country/Federal...
Words: 1508 - Pages: 7
...Global E-Commerce Advanced Multichannel Expectations in Highly Developed Markets Joanne Bethlahmy, Paul Schottmiller Cisco Internet Business Solutions Group December 2011 Cisco IBSG © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Internet Business Solutions Group 1 Executive Summary Many retailers are ―going global‖ to capture a larger share of the $1.4 trillion e-commerce market Leading-edge multichannel experiences are becoming the norm in highly developed markets around the globe To compete, retailers will need to understand customers’ needs and expectations in each market, and deliver highly advanced multichannel experiences Source: Cisco IBSG, 2011 Cisco IBSG © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Internet Business Solutions Group 2 1 Global E-Commerce Background and Challenges Cisco IBSG © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Internet Business Solutions Group 3 E-Commerce 2015: $1.4T, Still High Percentage in Developed, Non-U.S. Markets E-Commerce Spending (US$B) $1,600 Global e-commerce, including travel, will reach $1.36T by 2015—13.5% CAGR over six years This study focuses primarily on highly developed e-commerce and technology markets in Europe and Asia – Generally, high penetration of broadband and mobile, sophisticated delivery infrastructure – Example: U.K., Japan, France, and S. Korea will still represent almost...
Words: 3098 - Pages: 13
...limited to, in the following fields: (1) Production, Logistics, Quality, and Operational Research; (2) Information Systems, Technology and Communication; (3) Industrial Economics and Regional Development; (4) Management, Organizational Behaviour and Human Resources; (5) Finance, Accounting and Marketing; and (6) Education, Training and Professional Skills. Term Paper can focus on Mapping new frontiers in emerging and developing technology areas in research, industry and governance.. Some Abstracts which emphasis on the Technology and Marketing. These are abstracts of articles which are already published. These are for your reference and you can start working in the same way concentrating on Technology and Marketing. * Trial-and-Error Marketing: The Role of the Customer in Tech Start-ups by Fabian Eggers, Deborah Brown McCabe Abstract: This paper explores the role of a customer- or product-centric focus in young technology firms decision-making and whether the behaviors of these firms differ from textbook marketing. rnData from depth interviews with founders of growth-stage tech start-ups reveal that new product development relies on four key approaches: self-focus, need finding, network creation and utilization, and middle ground. Their trial-and-error marketing is related to several theoretical constructs from the management, marketing and entrepreneurship literature. The paper provides a set of propositions and managerial implications. Keywords:...
Words: 3174 - Pages: 13
...Mobile Marketing: Current Issues and Future Trends Course Title and Year: BA Marketing, Year 4 Subject: Online Marketing Skills CA/Project Title: “Mobile Marketing - Current Issues and Future Trends” Supervising Lecturers: Ms. Amanda Freeman Submission Date: 22/02/2013 Student Name: Laura Flanagan Student Number: 20040930 Table of Contents 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 Defining Mobile Marketing 4 2.1 Types of Mobile Marketing Communications 4 3.1 Brief Overview of the Mobile Marketing Industry 9 3.2 Mobile Marketing Implications for Marketers 10 4.2 Future Trends 13 Conclusion 13 Appendix 14 References 15 “Mobile Marketing – Current Issues and Future Trends” 1.1 Introduction This report intends to explicate the fundamental nature of mobile marketing communications and elucidate its significance for today’s marketers. Furthermore, the report will also focus on what key trends mobile marketing is likely to face in the future. 1.2 Defining Mobile Marketing Firstly, mobile marketing is pertinent to all of the “activities undertaken to communicate with customers through the use of mobile devices” such as the dissemination of promotional offers and information on product and services, (De Pelsmacker, Geuens and Van den Bergh, 2007). Hence, mobile marketing employs mobile devices as the primary communication platform for promoting products and/or services to customers...
Words: 3322 - Pages: 14
...Magner withdrew from the business and in 1949 the Bulmers name came to the fore. Today, Bulmers Ltd is a formidable Irish company. Cider production has been moved to state of the art production facilities at Annerville, on the outskirts Clonmel. The company currently employs over 250 people and is a substantial part of the economic infrastructure of the community of Clonmel. It continues to own the trade mark Bulmers® in the Republic of Ireland but it is no longer connected with HP Bulmer Ltd of Hereford, UK. Bulmers Ltd is now part of the C&C Group, which also owns the Tennent’s beer brands and the Gaymers English cider brands. Bulmers Ltd has a well deserved reputation for innovative and successful product development and marketing. Bulmers Cider comes in several different varieties: Bulmers Original Cider, Bulmers Pear, Bulmers Berry, Bulmers Light, Bulmers Mid-Strength and...
Words: 1029 - Pages: 5
...Qualification | Unit number and title | Pearson BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Business(QCF) | UNIT 18:Advertising and Promotion in Business Level 4 | Student name and ID number | Assessor name | | Tatah Amenonyoh | Date issued | Completion date | Submitted on | 18th September 2015 | 13th December 2015 by 5.00pm | | Internal Verifier | Dr George Panagiotou | Assignment title | Westfield-Stratford City | Instructions | * An electronic copy of your assessment must be fully uploaded by the deadline date and time. * You must submit one single PDF or MS Office Word document. Any relevant images or screenshots must be included within the same MS Office Word or PDF document. * The last version you upload will be the one that is marked. Your paper will be marked if you have indicated this as your final submission. * Review the mitigating circumstances policy for information relating to extensions. * The file size must not exceed 20MB. * Answer the criteria in order, clearly indicating the pass criteria number. * Ensure that all work has been proof-read and checked prior to submission. * Ensure that the layout of your documents are in a professional format with font style Arial, font size 12 for the text, font 14 for sub heading and font 16 for main heading, line spacing 1.5 and justified. * Use the Harvard referencing system; otherwise it will be considered as plagiarised work. * Ensure that you back-up your work regularly and apply version control...
Words: 4753 - Pages: 20
...technology and engineering industry, its business is over the entire world. Sandvik built all its objectives based on high customers’ satisfaction and with the goal of improving customer companies’ performance and profitability, and in order to do so, it successfully conduct and combine many typical marketing strategies. Some scientific articles, information on Sandvik’s official website and marketing text books are adopted to strengthen this paper’s study. This article may focus on several important marketing aspects which are marketing planning, segmentation, product, price, place, promotion and sustainability to analysis the Sandvik Company’s marketing strategies. And compare the reality situation to theory from book or literature, an abundant discussion has been done to describe the condition of Sandvik’s marketing and rational conclusion based answering the purpose has been made according to discussion. Content 1. Background/Introduction 1 2. Purpose 1 3. Methodology 1 4. Theoretical framework 1 4.1 marketing planning1 4.2 Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning2 4.3 Product2 4.4 Price3 4.5 Place 4 4.6 Promotion4 4.7 Sustainability: Marketing ethics and social responsibility5 5. Results/ Finding 5 6. Analysis/ Discussion 9 7. Conclusions 12 8. Reference list 13 1. Background / Introduction Sandvik is one of the most famous high-technology engineering groups over the world. It set up in 1862 and has over...
Words: 5371 - Pages: 22
...THE CINEMATIC REVOLUTION: AN ANALYSIS ON THE BOX OFFICE HIT FILM “HENERAL LUNA” AS PERCEIVED BY SELECTED: FILM EXPERTS, MARKETING EXPERTS, HISTORIANS AND MASS COMMUNICATION STUDENTS A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the College of Arts and Letters Bulacan State University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts in Mass Communication Major in Broadcasting by Adolfo, Jasmine Faye M. Añonuevo, Sabbyna R. Cara, Angelica P. Paguiligan, Noemi D. BAMC 4B Mr. Regemrei P. Bernardo MARCH 2016 Chapter I The Problem and Its Setting INTRODUCTION A film is a characterization of diverse emotions and motions of a society (Santillan, 1998, 155, as cited in Campomanes, 2015). As disciplines and fields of knowledge, History and Film differ from their own characteristics and potencies however as in the teaching of history, there are times when their relationship is evident. According to CCP (1994) historical films are “films based on biographies and events in the distant past.” Following this definition, it has been said that there are two kinds of historical films, one that uses history only as a context and the latter that attempts to directly represent a historical period, place or personality. (Navarro 2008, 134 as cited in Campomanes, 2015) The amount of information we gain from a book can hardly be equaled to the ones we gain in a film for the reason that a film is limited with its running time. Although with...
Words: 13003 - Pages: 53
...uses of social networks in today’s society o B2C - Business to Consumer o B2B - Business to Business o P2P - Person to Person (Peer to Peer) o G2C - Government to Citizen Key trends shaping the future of social networks 1. Broadband penetration 2. Rise of mobile technologies 3. Ambient technology - the 'internet of things' 4. 24/7 lifestyle 5. Data expansion 6. The future of the net: web v apps 7. Geo-spatial and augmented reality technologies 8. New era of mass communication 9. New business era 10. Trust 11. Education 12. Older social networkers 13. Gaming and virtual reality 14. Government intervention Tomorrow’s consumer o B2C - Business to Consumer o E-Government and the 'Big Society' o Educational networking o Social studies o Gaming and virtual worlds The evolution of social networks o Technological progress o Business models and revenue streams o From the web to the street o Privacy/security/ permissive marketing o Digital Asset Management o Longevity of digital assets o Impact on advertising Changing Britain Conclusions Timeline About the Author References 3.1. 3.2. 3.3. 4 11 11 13 15 23 28 33 34 Foreword Social networking has become more than just how we keep in touch with our friends online. It has changed the way people communicate and how we go about our daily lives. Social Networking’s growth shows no signs of abating and...
Words: 15628 - Pages: 63
...Research Publication Date: 5 August 2005 ID Number: G00130115 Gartner's Hype Cycle Special Report for 2005 Jackie Fenn, Alexander Linden This year, we celebrate the 10th anniversary of Gartner's Hype Cycles. More than 1,600 information technologies and trends across 68 markets, regions and industries are evaluated in the most comprehensive assessment of technology maturity in the IT industry. © 2005 Gartner, Inc. and/or its Affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction of this publication in any form without prior written permission is forbidden. The information contained herein has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable. Gartner disclaims all warranties as to the accuracy, completeness or adequacy of such information. Although Gartner's research may discuss legal issues related to the information technology business, Gartner does not provide legal advice or services and its research should not be construed or used as such. Gartner shall have no liability for errors, omissions or inadequacies in the information contained herein or for interpretations thereof. The opinions expressed herein are subject to change without notice. ANALYSIS Gartner's Hype Cycles highlight the relative maturity of technologies across a wide range of IT domains, targeting different IT roles and responsibilities. Each Hype Cycle provides a snapshot of the position of technologies relative to a market, region or industry, identifying which technologies are hyped, which are suffering...
Words: 1983 - Pages: 8
...promotion - personal selling Introduction Personal selling can be defined as follows: Personal selling is oral communication with potential buyers of a product with the intention of making a sale. The personal selling may focus initially on developing a relationship with the potential buyer, but will always ultimately end with an attempt to "close the sale" Personal selling is one of the oldest forms of promotion. It involves the use of a sales force to support a push strategy (encouraging intermediaries to buy the product) or a pull strategy (where the role of the sales force may be limited to supporting retailers and providing after-sales service). What are the main roles of the sales force? Kotler describes six main activities of a sales force: (1) Prospecting - trying to find new customers (2) Communicating - with existing and potential customers about the product range (3) Selling - contact with the customer, answering questions and trying to close the sale (4) Servicing - providing support and service to the customer in the period up to delivery and also post-sale (5) Information gathering - obtaining information about the market to feedback into the marketing planning process (6) Allocating - in times of product shortage, the sales force may have the power to decide how available stocks are allocated What are the advantages of using personal selling as a means of promotion? • Personal selling is a face-to-face activity; customers therefore obtain a relatively high degree...
Words: 8305 - Pages: 34
...Methodology 4. Introduction 5. Analysis of the Marketing strategies 1. Segmentation 2. Targeting 5.3 Positioning 6. Marketing mix 6.1 Product 6.2 Price 6.3 Place 6.4Promotion 6.5 Packaging 6.6 Public relation 6.7 Publicity 6.8 Politics 7. Recommendation 8. Bibliography Abstract Unilever's mission is to add Vitality to life. To meet everyday needs for nutrition; hygiene and personal care with brands that help people look good, feel good and get more out of life. Its deep roots in local cultures and markets around the world give them a strong relationship with consumers and the foundation for future growth. In this assignment, we are going to analyze the marketing strategies of Unilever Bangladesh for two of its brand which is: Rexona and Surf Excel. We are going to give an overall summary of the various marketing segmentation, targeting, positioning, promotion, distribution and many other marketing mixes of both rexona and surf excel. Thus the main objective is to bring about a well organized summary and view of the positioning of these brands compared to its competitors. The corporate purpose of unilever states that to succeed requires "the highest standards of corporate behavior towards everyone we work with, the communities we touch, and the environment on which we have an impact.” Hence we are going to show how they have made these...
Words: 2523 - Pages: 11
...Rodolfo Baggio Marianna Sigala Alessandro Inversini Juho Pesonen Editors Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2014 eProceedings of the ENTER 2014 PhD Workshop in Dublin, Ireland. January 21, 2014 Preface The advent of Information and communication technology (ICT) has had a paramount impact on tourism. The effects of this revolution continue to change the nature of contemporary tourism on a day-to-day base. The globalization of information, open innovation, better access, collaboration in a generation of information and technological convergence, have all contributed to the design of a new scientific paradigm. Thanks to our passion for research and to the continuous advancements in the technological ecosystem as well as the possibility of better understanding human activity and behavior we are on the threshold of a new era of the social science of tourism. This new social and technological paradigm affects tourism and human mobility in a way that gives the research process unheard-of possibilities. The current level of technological development allows for the construction of objects that are smaller, more intelligent and embedded in the environment and even wearable. These objects, which record and learn our habits are connected to the Internet and they have computing capabilities. They can also be interconnected and generate large quantities of information to benefit the environment in which they are located as well as the travellers that possess...
Words: 49996 - Pages: 200
...Media psychology seeks to understand how the media and the growing use of technology impacts how people perceive, interpret, respond, and interacts in a media rich world. Media psychologists typically focus on identifying potential benefits and negative consequences of various forms of technology and promote the development of positive media.[1][2][3] This field of psychology investigates the types of psychological impact on humans caused by a wide range of media such as social media, online education, virtual classrooms, entertainment consulting, traditional media interviews, in providing on camera expertise, virtual and augmented reality therapies, consumer products, brand development, marketing, advertising, product placement and game theory. ------------------------------------------------- Academic discipline[edit] Media psychology is a specialized area of psychology that emerged as an academic and professional discipline in response to the expansion of media and technology and the demand for research needed to explain the potential impact on human welfare. Psychology is fundamental to understanding the influence of individuals and groups on the integration of technology in our society.[4] In general, this field attempts to encompass the full range of human experience of media-—including developmental, cognition, and behavioral—using extensive research that contains numerous empirical and qualitative studies.[5] It recognizes the that people are not just passive consumers...
Words: 2220 - Pages: 9
