...Introduction The scale of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) epidemic has exceeded all expectations since its identification over 20 years ago. The worst of the epidemic is centred on sub-Saharan Africa. But just as the spread of HIV has been greater than predicted, so too has been its impact on social capital, population structure and economic growth. Responding to AIDS on a scale commensurate with the epidemic is a global imperative, and the tools for an effective response are known. Nothing less than a sustained social mobilization is necessary to combat one of the most serious crises facing human development. Most recent findings show that HIV prevalence in the population is currently slightly on the down side in the case of Kenya . This not withstanding, given the massive scale of the problem and the concentration of effects on adults of prime working age, the pandemic has sharply influenced a host of economic and non-economic variables. In this paper I will review some of the available literature on the impact of HIV/AIDS. HIV/AIDS has impacted several areas of society: 1. The family or the household 2. The Health sector 3. The work place 4. The economy 5. Stigma 1. The Impact on the Family/Household In almost all cases the first victim of HIV/AIDS is the immediate family. More often than not it is the poorest sector of the society that is most vulnerable to this epidemic. There will be an upsurge of medical bills...
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...The impact of HIV&AIDS, TB, and malaria in Africa Jack Saint Mary University Introduction Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), tuberculosis (TB) and malaria, which are extremely serious diseases, kill millions of people every year. Most of the deaths are found in developing countries, especially in Africa. Vietor K. Barbiero (2006) reports that during 2005 alone, approximately 2.8 million people died from HIV/AIDS in Africa, half a million Africans is killed by TB, and close to 900,000 Africans are killed by malaria every year (p.6-7). Three of the most serious contagious diseases (HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria) have significant impact on healthcare, economy, and education in Africa. HIV leads to AIDS. According to AVERing HIV&AIDS (2010), HIV is a kind of virus that damages immune system cells step by step. As a result, the body becomes weaker and weaker and becomes more susceptible to contagions. AIDS will evolve when HIV destroys the immune system enough (Para.3). AVERing HIV&AIDS also reports that AIDS is a “medical condition”. A person is believed to have AIDS when his or her immune system becomes too feeble to repel contagions (para.1). HIV/AIDS in Africa HIV/AIDS is one of the most serious diseases. It alone kills a huge amount of people every year in Africa. For example, Barbiero (2006) reports that although Africa has only 15 percent of the world’s population, 60 out of 100 infected people...
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...1. IMPACTS OF HIV/AIDS The impacts of HIV/AIDS on poor rural populations are many and intertwined. The impacts can be felt most dramatically in entrenched poverty, food insecurity and malnutrition, in the reduction of the labour force, and in the loss of essential knowledge that is transmitted from generation to generation. And the impacts are felt disproportionately among women. What's more, these same consequences of HIV/AIDS - poverty, food insecurity, malnutrition, reduced labour force and loss of knowledge - contribute to making the rural poor more vulnerable to HIV/AIDS infection. This devastating cycle must be broken, and the agricultural sector has a critical role to play. It is estimated that 42 million people in the world are infected with the HIV virus. Assuming that each HIV/AIDS case directly influences the lives of four other individuals, at least 168 million people are likely to be affected by the epidemic. And approximately 95 percent of them live in develping countries. Food security HIV/AIDS takes its toll on food security in a number of ways. For example: HIV increases fatigue and decreases work productivity, which means less food on the table. In households coping with sick family members, food consumption generally decreases. As adults fall ill, families face increasing medical and health care costs, thus reducing the possibility for them to purchase the food that they can no longer produce. While the number of productive family members decline...
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...IN BOTSWANA AND SOUTHERN AFRICA (ECO 463) | HIGH HIV/AIDS PREVALENCE RATE IS ADVERSELY AFFECTING PROSPECTS OF ECONOMIC GROWTHIN BOTSWANA.DISCUSS | TEAM LEADER: GABRIEL CHITULA 201101850CONTACT NUMBER:+267 71 430 952EMAIL ADDRESS:GABRIEL.C.JUNIOR@GMAILCOMOTHER GROUP MEMBERSTSHEGOFATSO L DIBUILE201200993NICOLA B MAKATI201105383 | | | | 11/16/2015 | TABLE OF CONTENT Table of content ………………………………………………………….. 1 Abstract…………………………………………………………………… 2 Introduction……………………………………………………………….. 3 Impacts of HIV on households……………………………………………. 4 Impact of HIV on Firms and Business………………………….. 6 Impact of HIV at Macroeconomic Level………………………… 7 Conclusion……………………………………………………… 10 Reference ……………………………………………………… 11 ABSTRACT This paper provides an overview of how the high HIV/AIDS prevalence rate adversely affects the economic growth of Botswana. HIV/AIDS is a growing problem in Botswana as the country has the second highest HIV/AIDS infection rate in the world. There are different sectors in the economy which can be affected by HIV/AIDS namely; the household, the firm and the macro economy. This paper will look at the various components affecting these sectors and explain what impact they have on Botswana s economy. INTRODUCTION In light of recent studies, that establish a direct correlation between health and development, it brings about the question of how much the epidemic of HIV and AIDS- which has been haunting the nation for decades, has...
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...IN BOTSWANA AND SOUTHERN AFRICA (ECO 463) | HIGH HIV/AIDS PREVALENCE RATE IS ADVERSELY AFFECTING PROSPECTS OF ECONOMIC GROWTHIN BOTSWANA.DISCUSS | TEAM LEADER: GABRIEL CHITULA 201101850CONTACT NUMBER:+267 71 430 952EMAIL ADDRESS:GABRIEL.C.JUNIOR@GMAILCOMOTHER GROUP MEMBERSTSHEGOFATSO L DIBUILE201200993NICOLA B MAKATI201105383 | | | | 11/16/2015 | TABLE OF CONTENT Table of content ………………………………………………………….. 1 Abstract…………………………………………………………………… 2 Introduction……………………………………………………………….. 3 Impacts of HIV on households……………………………………………. 4 Impact of HIV on Firms and Business………………………….. 6 Impact of HIV at Macroeconomic Level………………………… 7 Conclusion……………………………………………………… 10 Reference ……………………………………………………… 11 ABSTRACT This paper provides an overview of how the high HIV/AIDS prevalence rate adversely affects the economic growth of Botswana. HIV/AIDS is a growing problem in Botswana as the country has the second highest HIV/AIDS infection rate in the world. There are different sectors in the economy which can be affected by HIV/AIDS namely; the household, the firm and the macro economy. This paper will look at the various components affecting these sectors and explain what impact they have on Botswana s economy. INTRODUCTION In light of recent studies, that establish a direct correlation between health and development, it brings about the question of how much the epidemic of HIV and AIDS- which has been haunting the nation for decades, has...
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...1.1 INTRODUCTION HIV and AIDS pandemic in the African continent has had a short but devastating history. Sub-Saharan Africa is more profoundly affected by HIV as compared to any other part of the world. Approximately 23 million people are said to be living with the deadly virus in the region which translates to about two thirds of the universal total. In 2010 alone, around 2 million people contracted the disease while 1.2 million died in sub-Saharan Africa. Since the onset of the pandemic, over 15 million children have lost one or both of the parents to HIV and AIDS. The social- economic effects of AIDS pandemic have not only been experienced in the health sector but also in agriculture, transport, human resource, education and the economy as at large (UNAIDS 2010). HIV and AIDS is therefore a major burden and challenge to the social, health and economic development of the African continent. There can be no significant growth in the region as long as the issue of AIDS is not addressed urgently. The impact of HIV and AIDS in the African continent and the world at large cannot be down played. This means that immediate measures should be taken by the general public and governments in order to curb the ever increasing effects of HIV pandemic to the African continent. Due to the economic standing of the African continent coupled with socio-cultural practices, HIV continues to spread at an alarming rate. Any further delays to address this issue will turn out to be detrimental...
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...The impact of HIV & AIDS in Africa Two-thirds of all people infected with HIV live in sub-Saharan Africa, although this region contains little more than 10% of the world’s population.1 AIDS has caused immense human suffering in the continent. The most obvious effect of this crisis has been illness and death, but the impact of the epidemic has certainly not been confined to the health sector; households, schools, workplaces and economies have also been badly affected. During 2008 alone, an estimated 1.4 million adults and children died as a result of AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa.2 Since the beginning of the epidemic more than 15 million Africans have died from AIDS.3 Although access to antiretroviral treatment is starting to lessen the toll of AIDS, fewer than half of Africans who need treatment are receiving it.4 The impact of AIDS will remain severe for many years to come. The impact on the health sector In all heavily affected countries the AIDS epidemic is adding additional pressure on the health sector. As the epidemic matures, the demand for care for those living with HIV rises, as does the toll of AIDS on health workers. In sub-Saharan Africa, the direct medical costs of AIDS (excluding antiretroviral therapy) have been estimated at about US$30 per year for every person infected, at a time when overall public health spending is less than US$10 per year for most African countries.5 The effect on hospitals [pic] Nurses working on the HIV ward at Kisiizi Hospital in Uganda ...
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...TABLE OF CONTENT PART 1 1. INTRODUCTION 2. HIV/AIDS age breakdown – South Africa (1998-2000) 3. Division of two organizations (education and mining sector) 4.1. Education sector 4.2. Mining sector 4.3. Gender breakdown 4.4. Provincial break down 4. Life expectancy 5.5. The potential impact on the demographic profile of the work in education 5.6. How HIV/AIDS affect the work in education 5.7. How HIV/AIDS influence my school as an organization 5.8. Should my school or my organization start to replace labour with technology: 5.9. To whom the department of education supply learners 5.10. What impact will HIV/AIDS have on educational labour bill 5.11. My organization start to employ people from abroad 5. Stigmatization 6. AIDS impact model (Aim) 7.12. Definition 7.13. Recruitments costs 7.14. Training costs 7.15. Health care 7.16. Formulating a sound HIV/AIDS policy 7.17. Establishing HIV/AIDS prevention support 7.18. Condom distribution 7.19. Provision sexual transmitted disease and other care 7.20. Counseling care and support for employees with HIV/AIDS 7.21. Education programme 7.22. Monitoring and evaluation PART 2 1.1. Introduction 1.2. HIV/AIDS awareness programs (step 1) 1.3. Voluntary testing (step 2) 1.4. Disclosing information 1.5. Outline the relationship...
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...HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is an infectious disease. This means that it can move from person to person via various methods, including sexual intercourse. HIV is a retrovirus; this means that it reverse copies its own structure into that of the host’s white blood cells and reproduces inside, meaning HIV doesn’t have any visible symptoms for many years, allowing it to be passed from person to person unnoticed. AIDS is the next level of HIV. This is determined when an individual’s white blood cell count drops below 200, deeming it to be AIDS and no longer HIV. At risk groups in South Africa Everyone in Africa is at risk of getting HIV/AIDS. However, there are some vulnerable groups that have a higher chance than others. These groups include: men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, sex workers, children, prisoners and women as a result of gang rape or in a sexual relationship. Although worldwide the majority of HIV infections are transmitted through sex between men and women, there are still curtain groups such as the ones above that have also been extremely badly affected. HIV particularly affects adolescents and young people which accounted for 39% of all new infections and 15% of people living with HIV in 2012. This poses a larger risk for these groups in Africa because of the age range and the stigma and discrimination of people who have HIV. Prevention Strategies adopted in South Africa against HIV/AIDS The strategy of preventing HIV/AIDS in South...
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...Is there a link between AIDS and economic growth? Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome also known as AIDS, is one of the most deadly, diseases in human history. AIDS is cause by HIV, a virus that gradually attacks the body’s immune cells. It leaves the body unable to defend itself against infections, which normally leads to death. AIDS is caught by the HIV virus entering the bloodstream, usually by sexual intercourse or the use of contaminated needles. Africa, Asia, and Latin America have been hit the worst by the pandemic, accounting for roughly 85% to 90% of total world infections (The economic impact of HIV/AIDS in Africa p.7). Furthermore, Africa is home to over 68 per cent (22.5 million) of people living with HIV/AIDS, and in 2005 alone, about 2 million Africans died as result of AIDS (An Empirical Analysis p.387). Although this disease affects all areas the data seems to show that Sub-Saharan Africa has been hit the worst. As discussed earlier, there are roughly 33 million Africans infected with HIV/AIDS and currently, it is the leading cause of death in Africa (The economic impact of HIV/AIDS in Africa p.10). There are several reasons for Africa’s severe problem with the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Civil unrest, territorial wars, rape, lack of education, poverty, female status, male migration, poor health care, and nutrition all account for the spreading of the HIV/AIDS virus (The economic impact of HIV/AIDS in Africa p.8) Research conducted by The International Monetary...
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...The United States HIV prevention efforts are guided by a single strategy for combating the HIV epidemic: the National HIV/AIDS Strategy (NHAS). On July 13, 2010 the White House in coordination with the CDC released the nations first-ever comprehensive coordinated HIV/AIDS roadmap with measurable targets that need to be achieved by 2015. The vision for the NHAS is that “The United States will become a place where new HIV infections are rare and when they do occur, every person, regardless of age, gender, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender identity or socio-economic circumstance, will have unfettered access to high quality, life-extending care, free from stigma and discrimination (White House)”. The National HIV/AIDS strategy was developed to address three main goals: “Reducing the number or people who become infected with HIV, increasing access to care and optimizing health outcomes for people living with HIV, and reducing HIV-related health disparities” (White House). In order to decrease the number of people who become infected with HIV it is important to know who currently has the virus, what risk factors increase a person’s likelihood of contracting the virus, and where the virus is most prevalent. This information is obtained by the CDC through surveillance. Surveillance is the “ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of data regarding a health-related event. HIV/AIDS surveillance observes records and disseminates reports about...
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...HIV/AIDS AWARENESS Human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) brings a lot of cruel thoughts to an individual’s mind because of the amount of misconceptions about this disease. An example of this would be that there are a lot of people that will say you shouldn’t share a drink with someone who has HIV or AIDS because of the risk of contracting the virus, which is untrue. A person will not contract the virus from sharing a drink, or utensil or even from kissing. Another common misconception is that sharing a razor can also transmit HIV or AIDS. For hygienic purposes sharing a razor is not a good idea in the first place but you cannot contract HIV from doing so. With this being said there are facts about contracting this disease that is detrimental for individuals to know, such as this virus is mainly spread through sexual intercourse, whether it is oral, anal, or even vaginal. The HIV can also can be transmitted through the sharing of needles, as well as breast feeding. Misconceptions as the ones earlier described are becoming fewer in today’s society, but there still continue to be a a lack of knowledge about this disease pertaining to certain topics like; The history of HIV and AIDS, the signs and symptoms, the shocking statistics, how it is handled and effecting people in other countries and the treatments that are used. The documented history on AIDS started only 33 years ago and since the first diagnosed case in 1981 researchers...
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...Demographic Paper In the United States many demographics populations that will affect our health care are mostly children, teenagers, and adults that have had an impact on our citizens. In the United States Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, better known as, HIV/AIDS. This diseases has made an impact on our community, towns, cities, and worldwide. This disease does not discriminate against age, gender, and race. Center for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC) has estimated that there are more than one million people living with HIV in the United States (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010). It is believed that HIV first entered the United States in the year 1969 though one infected immigrant from the Haiti. The first cases of what would later become known as AIDS were reported in the United States in June of 1981. Since then, 1.7 million people in the U.S. are estimated to have been infected with HIV, including over 619,000 who have already died and approximately 1.2 million (1,178,350) adults and adolescents who were living with HIV infection at the end of 2008 (U.S. Statistics, 2010). The impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic spans the nation with HIV diagnoses having been reported in all 50 states. In the general impact that changing demographics may have on the health care market? Product, price, place and promotion play an important role in the health care market. Without product there is nothing to offer. Without the right price the product will not mean anything...
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... July 17, 2013 Ramiro Sandoval, MBA Demographic AIDS have made an impact in every community within the United States. Almost every person at some point has been affected by the preventable, but incurable disease. This paper is will address the targeted population with people who have AIDS. Also, data about the population demographics, and the general impact that changing demographics may have on the health care market, why and how will changes in the demographics of this population affect health care. Furthermore, identify two key health care-related challenges with patients with AIDS, and describe how a chronic disease wellness programs may affect the cost for the demographic. And last, how can an individual patient in the community and society as whole address these challenges. The Center for Disease Control (CDC), has estimated that there are more than one million people living with HIV/AIDS in the United States (Center of Disease Control, 2011). AIDS arrived in the United States in 1969 through an infected immigrant from Haiti. In the 1970s and 1980s, there was an estimated one million or more people that were infected with AIDS and half million individuals had died from AIDS in the United States. HIV is a silent disease that can be undetected. CDC stated that roughly fifty thousand annual infections between 2006 and 2009 in the United States are infected with AIDS. The largest number of AIDS was among white men who have sex with men followed by African-American...
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...Minnesota AIDS Project Interview Jodie Burt BHSH/312 September 1, 2010 Carol Tripp Abstract On June 28, 2011, I interviewed case management supervisor Jacquie Meissner, at the Minnesota AIDS Project in Minneapolis, Minnesota. During the interview, I asked her a series of 12 questions pertaining to the nature of the agency, interventions provided, her role within the agency, the HIV/AIDS community, common clinical issues, and how services are funded. In this interview process, I found Ms. Meissner to be very professional, informational, and passionate about her line of work. It was very clear that this was not simply a job to her and she was very passionate about the HIV/AIDS population she advocates for. The following is an outline of the questions asked and her responses. Minnesota AIDS Project Interview Jacquie Meissner is the case management supervisor for the Minnesota AIDS Project in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The following are the questions asked throughout the interview: 1. What is your role within the agency? 2. How was a need for the program determined? 3. What services does your company provide? 4. How did they determine a need for the program? 5. What type of consumers does your company service? 6. What is the mission statement of your agency? 7. What other agencies if any are you affiliated with or collaborate with? 8. What type of impact do the outcomes achieved have on your community and how is the...
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