...be developed through continuing education and attention to the health of an individual. The inclusion of human capital in the economic analysis is an important step. It is generally theorized that accumulation of human capital is a key driver of economic growth. According to economists, dissemination of knowledge to general population allows increasing returns and generates positive externalities. Therefore, it is a central concept of development economics that investment in human capital should be the foremost priority of developing countries. Foreign direct investment refers to international movement of capital across national boundaries. This may take the shape of creation of a subsidiary abroad or to exercise control on the management of a company in another country. The effects of FDI are generally considered to be highly positive on the growth of host country since it leads to transfer of technology and generation of employment in host countries. FDI has experienced strong growth since the mid-1980s and also contribute significantly to economic globalization. Foreign direct investment is also presumed to have positive outcomes for workers in the form of higher wages (Eicher &...
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...THE EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF IMPACT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA BY OKUNLOLA TUNDE S. MATRIC NO: 139191 September 2011 Being research work submitted to Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ibadan, in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Bachelor of Science (B.Sc) in Economics CERCTIFICATION I hereby certify that this work was carried out by OKUNLOLA TUNDE S. of Matric No 139191 in the Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ibadan. …………………………………. ……………………………… Date Dr. B. Fowowe Supervisor DEDICATION My sole dedication goes to God almighty whose mercy has never ceased in changing me despite all odds, whose boundless love and vast grace is bringing to pass my childhood dreams and fantasies. ACKNOWLEDGMENT My deepest gratitude goes to my parents who always, tirelessly and sacrificially support me, trust me, care for me and love me despite all my short comings and even when it so difficult. May the lord reward you abundantly. And also to my supervisor, Dr. B. Fowowe, I say thank...
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...The role of FDI in economic development 3 2.2.1 The radical view of FDI 3 2.2.2 The positive view of FDI impact 4 2.3 The impact of economic development 5 3. Case of study: the impact of FDI in garment industry and automobile industry in Viet Nam 7 3.1 Overview of FDI in Vietnam 7 3.2 Garment industry 8 3.3 Tourism Industry 9 3.4 Assess the impact of FDI in Vietnamese economic development 10 4. Conclusion 11 References 14 Appendices 17 1. Introduction to the study Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a concept that has emerged in recent decades. It was born with the trend of globalization and become an interesting topic for economic researchers. The evidence is that there are a large number of studies on this field, including case studies in specific country and cross-country analyses, single-dimensional and multi-dimensional studies, examinations in single-sector and multi-sector. However, until now there are still some debates about the issues related to this concept. One of the noticeable discussions is the relationship between foreign direct investment and economic development. This paper, to some extent, will review these studies about the relationship between foreign direct investment and economic development. In specific, it aims to answer the question: Is foreign direct investment necessary for economic development? Or how foreign direct investment can impact economic development...
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...Foreign Direct Investment: Impact on Sectoral Growth in Bangladesh Introduction Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a potent weapon of developing the Bangladesh economy and can play an important role in achieving the country’s socio-economic objectives including poverty reduction goals. In a capital-poor country like Bangladesh, FDI can emerge as a significant vehicle to build up physical capital, create employment opportunities, develop productive capacity, enhance skills of local labor through transfer of technology and managerial know-how, and help integrate the domestic economy with the global economy. This policy note provides an assessment of the current situation of FDI in Bangladesh and examines its impact on the country’s balance of payments. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is capital provided by a foreign direct investor, either directly or through other related enterprises, where the foreign investor is directly involved in the management of the enterprise. Until the1980s, most developing countries viewed FDI with great weariness. In recent years, however FDI restrictions have been significantly reduced. Most countries offer incentives to attract FDI, such as tax concessions, tax holidays, accelerated depreciation on plants and machinery, export subsidies and import entitlements etc. As a developing country, Bangladesh needs FDI for its ongoing development process. Since independence, Bangladesh is trying to be a suitable location for FDI. Special zones have been...
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...Facts About and Impacts of FDI on China and the World Economy Yuqing Xing China: An International Journal, Volume 8, Number 2, September 2010, pp. 309-327 (Article) Published by NUS Press Pte Ltd DOI: 10.1353/chn.2010.0002 For additional information about this article http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/chn/summary/v008/8.2.xing.html Access Provided by Hamline University at 06/25/12 7:34PM GMT Facts About and Impacts of FDI on China and the World Economy Yuqing XING This paper provides a comprehensive review of foreign direct investment in China over the last three decades. It reviews the growth, sources and distribution of FDI in China and analyses factors determining FDI inflows. It summarises the contributions of FDI to the Chinese economy in terms of economic growth, total factor productivity, exports and technology progress. Finally, the paper discusses potential impacts of FDI in China on the rest of the world in terms of FDI-competing countries and FDI source countries. (FDI) among all developing countries, China received a cumulative total of USD854 billion in FDI from 1979 to 2008 and benefitted tremendously from both tangible and intangible assets associated with FDI inflows. In fact, in the modern history of economic development, no other country has ever benefitted, and continues to benefit, from FDI as much as China. There is a consensus among academic scholars specialising in the Chinese economy that, over the last three decades, FDI has been a critical...
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...STUDY Foreign direct investment refers to an investment made by an entity or a company based in a country, into another entity or company that is based in different country. FDI is an investment made to acquire a lasting management interest (normally 10 percent of voting stock) in a business enterprise operating in a country other than that of the investor defined according to residency World Bank (1996). The importance of FDI to developing countries cannot be over stated, it acts as a complement to their locally assembled savings it is accompanied with managerial skills and technology which are key in the development of any economy. A number of studies inspired by Chenery and Syrquin (1975), Ranis (1976),...
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...Research Proposal Example 1 The influence of exchange rate volatility on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Nigeria Word Count: 3253 Date: March 2012 Table of Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 Aim and Objectives ............................................................................................................... 2 Significance and scope of the study ................................................................................... 3 Key Literature Review ........................................................................................................... 3 Key Words ......................................................................................................................... 3 Literature ........................................................................................................................... 3 Research Design ................................................................................................................... 5 Data Collection methods .................................................................................................... 6 Ethical Issues .................................................................................................................... 6 Research Plan ......................................................................................................................
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...Investment (FDI) is considered as one of the vital ingredients for overall development process of a developing Bangladesh. country like Industrial development is an important pre-requisite growth country. of for a economic developing is Bangladesh basically a country of agrarian economy. For her economic development, industrial economy is imperative. So Bangladesh is gradually moving from agrarian economy to industrial economy. In the age of globalization, it has become a burning issue to exchange views, ideas, capital and human resources. Government of Bangladesh is trying to create a favorable investment environment through introducing economic policies, incentives for investors, promoting privatization and so on. Therefore, the contribution of FDI is necessary in the enhancement of a country‟s economic growth. Researchers have marked FDI as an important factor in accelerating economic success and wealth of a country as well as a door in creating jobs, facilitating economy, and creating more competitive environment and contributing productivity to the host country. 1 Trends of Foreign Direct Investment in Bangladesh In Bangladesh, FDI plays a significant role in GDP acceleration and economic growth (Mottaleb 2007). FDI has a mentionable role in the modernization of the Bangladesh economy for last two decades. It helps the country in building up infrastructure, creating more employment, developing capacity, enhancing skills of the labor force of the host country through...
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...technology. FDIs complement the domestic savings in financing the capital formation in the host country. FDIs contribute to the generation of output and employment. The foreign exchange inflow augments the supply of foreign exchange, which is often scarce in the developing countries. In most cases, however, the project being set up with FDI is dependent upon imported plant and machinery, and technology. The foreign exchange -inflow takes care of these import requirements, partially or fully. The direct cost of FDI to the host country comprises remittances made on account of dividends on the equity held abroad, interest on loans or suppliers' credits extended by the foreign investors, royalties and technical fees, for transfer of technology and other services provided by the foreign partner. Unlike foreign borrowings, servicing remittances, viz., dividends in the case of FDI begin after the project starts making profits. However, the servicing burden of FDI builds up very fast, and consumes considerable foreign exchange resources of the host country. Further, these remittances have the tendency to grow over time as the enterprise consolidates and prospers. Thus, the direct impact of FDIs on the host country includes both positive and negative aspects. The favourable impact is by way of generation of output and employment by complementing the domestic savings and bringing in the much-needed entrepreneurial skills and foreign exchange resources for the developing countries...
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...Determinants of FDI THE POWER OF FDI IN REGARDS TO GLOBALIZATION: Globalization is an inevitable and irreversible process, and dealing with the imperatives of globalization capitalizing on its positive aspects and mitigating the negative ones is perhaps the most important challenge for today. Globalization has enhanced the opportunities for success, but it has also posed new risks to developing countries. Globalization has many faces; however, globalization is first and foremost comprehended in economic and financial terms. In this sense, it may be defined as the broadening and deepening linkages of national economies into a worldwide market for goods, services and especially capital. Perhaps the most prominent face of globalization is the rapid integration of production and financial markets over the last decade; that is, trade and investment are the prime driving forces behind globalization. Foreign direct investment (FDI) has been one of the core features of globalization and the world economy over the past two decades. It has grown at an unprecedented pace for more than a decade, with only a slight interruption during the recession of the early 1990s. More firms in more industries from more countries are expanding abroad through direct investment than ever before, and virtually all economies now compete to attract multinational enterprises (MNEs). This trend has been driven by the complex interaction of technological change, evolving corporate strategies towards...
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...patterns of globalization’ in the developing countries. In this journal, James analysed the relationships and effects between the developing countries’ economy development and the information technology. Firstly, from James (2001) point of view, there is a ‘cumulative causation’between foreign direct investment and exports and economic growth. Heclaimed that foreign direct investment (FDI) had a huge influence on the export performance of the developing countries, the degree of exports stimulates economy growth thus attract more FDI. There are some evidences exist to prove his claim. China isone of the good examplesto indicate that. Song and Zhang (2001) stated that there was a strong link between foreign direct investment and exports in China. Exports which generated by FDI had attracted more FDI into China. It also provided the evidence that only 1 percentage of FDI level changed in 2000 was related to 0.29 percentages rise in exports in 2001 (Song and Zhang). Moreover, foreign investment has played a vital role in both China’s economy and fast growth (Whalley&Xin, 2010). According according to Whalley and Xin (2010), their research result has shown that ‘China’s growth rate may have been around 3.4 percentage points lower in the past few years’ without FDI(Whalley&Xin, 2010). While on the other hand, this ‘cumulative causation’ application may be affected by current global situation. The export-led growth strategy for those least developed countries seem to be not so effective...
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...Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 3 FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT 5 MAJOR IMPACTS OF FDI 8 EXPORTS 8 TREND IN EXPORT IN INDIA 9 MAJOR FACTORS THAT AFFECT EXPORTS 10 EXPORT TRENDS AND THE WAY AHEAD 12 IMPACT OF FDI ON EXPORT 12 HOW FDI DRIVES EXPORT 12 IMPACT ON SERVICE INDUSTRY 13 METHEDOLOGY 14 PERIOD OF STUDY 14 SOURCES OF DATA 14 HYPOTHESIS 14 RESULT 15 ANALYSIS 16 IMPLICATION 16 CONCLUSION 16 REFERENCES 18 EXHIBITS 20 FIGURES 23 INTRODUCTION Foreign direct investment is an important part of the economy of every country.It helps expedite the globalisation process. Firms across the world interact with other firms situated in different countries. This results in mutual growth of firms and states. Over the years FDI as a percentage of GDP of world has increased significantly. In 1980 the total stock of FDI equalled only 6.6 per cent of world gross domestic product, while in 2003 the share had increased to close to 23 per cent. This implies that the world economy is getting increasingly interconnected resulting into the flow of goods and capital into developing nations. India has seen tremendous growth in the FDI inflow over the past two decades. By 1997 India became the ninth largest recipient of such investment among the developing economies. Flow of capital and goods has impacted various macroeconomic variables of the economy. Export is one of the variables that gets affected due to the increase in FDI.It has seen...
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...in Malaysia Introduction Malaysia is a nation that has been working itself up from the predominantly mining and agricultural based economy towards a more multi-sector economy. To achieve a faster economic growth, Malaysia has accepted an unparalleled opportunities for developing this country through globalization (Athukorala, 2003). An offer of combination of locational advantages by the government is a factor that foreign investors got tempted with (Farhad, Alberto, & Ali, 1999), to invest in Malaysia. Foreign investors has been encouraged by the Government to invests in Malaysia in which has the advantage of having a well-developed infrastructure, industrious workforce, as well as politically stable nation with a good legal system with the additional attractiveness of incentives for the foreign investors. In other words, foreign investors are attracted to invest in Malaysia because of the lower cost of production (Wong, 2005). FDI is a medium for acquiring skills, technology, organizational and managerial practices and access to market, besides being the source of finance and employment (Farhad, Alberto, & Ali, 1999). There are a lists of exports by host countries that are being promoted by FDI and a few of them are; (a) domestic capital for exports expansion, (b) assist in the transfer of technology and new products for exports, (c) promoting access to new and large foreign markets, and (d) providing training for the local workforce and upgrading technical and...
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...Submitted by: Zarin Tasnim ID: 17-009 Section: A Department of Finance University of Dhaka Signature of the Supervisor Date of Submission: 7th May, 2015 Letter of Transmittal 7th May, 2015 Mohammad Jahangir Alam Chowdhury Professor Department of Finance University of Dhaka Subject: Submission of Internship Report on Foreign direct investment and Economic Growth in Bangladesh. Dear Sir, It is an absolute pleasure for me to submit the Internship Report titled “Foreign direct investment and Economic Growth in Bangladesh” as a significant part of the BBA program. While making this report, I have experienced a fair knowledge about Foreign direct investment and economy of Bangladesh and its impact on the growth of Bangladesh. I have tried my best to follow your guidelines in every aspect of preparing this report. I have collected what I believed to be the most relevant information to make my report as coherent as possible. I thank you for providing me with the opportunity to work on this report. Sincerely, …………………………… Zarin Tasnim ID: 17-009 Section: A Department of Finance University of Dhaka Acknowledgement All thanks to Almighty Allah by whose boundless grace I have been able to complete this report...
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...recent trends discussed in the WIR 2014, the reason that developing and emerging economies have attracted FDI, and why will SDGs have a significant resource implication for future investment decisions of MNEs. 2. The recent trends discussed in the WIR 2014 1. Global FDI flows Global FDI flows increased by 9 percent in 2013 to $1.45 trillion, up from $1.33 trillion in 2012. Although the share of developed economies in total global FDI flows remained low, it is expected to rise over the next three years to 52 per cent. Global inward FDI stock rose by 9 per cent, reaching $25.5 trillion. It reflects the rise of FDI inflows and strong performance of the stock markets in many parts of the world. 2. FDI inflows FDI inflows rose 9 percent in 2013 revealed a moderate pickup in global economic growth and some large cross-border M&A transactions. The increase of FDI inflows was widespread in all major economic groupings − developed, developing, and transition economies. Developed countries’ FDI inflows grew by 9 percent, reaching $566 billion. Developing economies reached a new high of $778 billion, accounting for 54 percent of global inflows. Developing Asia remained the world’s largest recipient region of FDI flows, and China remained the recipient of the second largest flows in the world. In 2013, APEC absorbed half of global flows, similar to the G-20, while the BRICS received more than one fifth. Besides, FDI flows to Latin America and the Caribbean registered a 14...
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