...INTRODUCTION In order to understand the impact of internet on tourism in full depth a little bit of history about the pre-internet industry systems, the implementation of the changes bought about by internet and the present impact of the development of internet since, need to be understood thoroughly. the traditional distribution system needs to be discussed.The traditional pattern of distribution was dependent on the GDS and the CRS, by 1960 the initialization of the Data Processing System was completed known as SABRE then followed the Amadeus and Galileo till 1980, the first set of reservation system introduced with one prime objective, of making the airline reach to a level of excellence. By 1990 internet was introduced making a huge impact on the distribution channel of tourism industry, where all the airlines went global with one prime source the internet. “Distribution channels often both influence consumer behaviour, and determine the ability of the industry to respond to consumers’ requests efficiently” (Buhalis Laws 2001, p.7).There have been few quotes for distribution been mentioned by authors like , “link between the producers of tourism services and their customers” (Gartner & Bachri, 1994, p. 164), there is also a quote been published by WTO (World Tourism Organization) “a distribution channel can be described as a given combination of intermediaries who co-operate in the sale of a product. It follows that a distribution system can be and in most instances is...
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...The Effect of the Internet on Tourism Alfredo Ortiz # 3725031 Florida International University CMBA Krishnan Dandapani FIN 6644 Global Financial Markets Table of Content Introduction…………………………………………3 Impact of the Internet……………………………….3 Financial Impact…………………………………….6 Negative Effects of the Internet…………………….9 Conclusion…………………………………………10 References………………………………………….11 Introduction The development of the Internet has dramatically changed the world. One of the industries that have been directly affected by the Internet is the Tourism industry. The effects of Globalization have revolutionized tourism by encouraging people to travel from one place to another. The Internet has been pivotal in this revolution by increasing the access to information and greatly improving communication in the world. The Internet has affected tourism both positively and negatively. While it has increased access to information about tourism and provided a medium marketing tool, it has also been blamed for discouraging traveling since people can access everything at a push of the button. Regardless, the Internet has been one of the most important factors that have increased tourism activities in the world. (1) It has made moving from one point to another easier, safer, and faster. Impact of the Internet For a long time, travel had been considered quite risky due to the fact that people had limited knowledge...
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...ICTs in the Tourism Industry and its influences on the tourist consumer behaviour The tourism industry often needs a various range of information to satisfy and attracts its consumers and most of this information is delivered promptly to the customers with the help of the information and communication technologies (Poon, 1993). And as result, the global tourism industry is rapidly changing and the information and communication technologies ( ICTs) such as the internet is altering the structure of tourism industry and how it market his products and conducts its promotion. In order to understand the role and impacts that ICTs has in the wider tourism industry and to find its influences on the tourist consumer behaviour, it is advised to first know what ICTs are and to comprehend the study on consumer behaviour based on the tourism industry. Information and communication technologies are defined as the collective term given to the most recent development in the mode (electronic) and the mechanisms (computers and communications technologies) used for the acquisitions, processing analysis, storage, retrieval, dissemination, and application of information (Poon 1993 cited in Buhalis 2003, p 7). It can also be defined as “the use of digital tools for business functions and processes” (Cooper et al 2005, p.704). When tailing about ICTs, it consist of hardware (self service terminals), software (front office applications), and telecommunications (broadcast of images, teleconferencing...
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...EWOM Literature Review In the recent times, the internet has become an extraordinary access to a vast amount of knowledge and information and became part of everyone’s life. Furthermore, the internet has emerged as a source and channel of the electronic word of mouth (eWOM) communication for customers (Henning-Thurau, Gwinner, Walsh & Gremler, 2004). Hennig-Thurau et al., (2004) defined eWOM as ‘any positive or negative statement made by potential, actual, or former customers about a product or company, which is made available to a multitude of people and institutions via the Internet’ (p.39). Hospitality and Tourism Industry has also been affected by this relatively new eWOM, where former visitors or customers express their opinion on destinations and places they have visited. The purpose of this literature review is to focus on the eWOM, its impact on the Hospitality and Tourism Industry and on the potential benefits it has for businesses and destinations. This review will contain information gathered and analyzed from different peer reviewed articles and studies to support the credibility of this paper. The eWOM in contrast of the traditional WOM has different types of electronic media channels that have an impact upon interpersonal relationships. There are the synchronous type and the asynchronous type, the first one include instant messaging, chatrooms and newsgroups. While asynchronous includes blogs, emails, virtual communities and websites (techdictionary.com...
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...recreational activity, which essentially involves the observation an appreciation of wildlife and other aspects of the natural environment while minimizing the related ecological or sociocultural costs, had emerged as a major component of global tourism and an important focus for academics in the field of tourism studies. Many stakeholders, however, while enthusiastically embracing the concept of ecotourism as defined above, still do not really understand what it means: what activities qualify, who participates, where it occurs, what impact is acceptable, or how it can be optimally managed. A balanced and comprehensive exposure to the growing knowledge base of ecotourism that will assist their ability to place in context, critically evaluate and effectively manage the sector. (Weaver, D. Ecotourism, 2nd edition: ESP Printers, Inc. 2008). Just as tourism has grown and changed, ecotourism also has gone through a kind of metamorphosis. In its early days, ecotourism was seen more as a type of travel and a specific market niche. Today, it is increasingly viewed as a travel concept or philosophy, based upon a set of principles that can, and should, be applied across the widest possible spectrum of the global tourism industry in an effort to make tourism truly sustainable and a positive benefit to the natural and cultural heritage of our planet. In that sense, ecotourism and nature travel should not be viewed as the same thing. A river-rafting through the jungle may be fun, may be interesting...
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...recreational activity, which essentially involves the observation an appreciation of wildlife and other aspects of the natural environment while minimizing the related ecological or sociocultural costs, had emerged as a major component of global tourism and an important focus for academics in the field of tourism studies. Many stakeholders, however, while enthusiastically embracing the concept of ecotourism as defined above, still do not really understand what it means: what activities qualify, who participates, where it occurs, what impact is acceptable, or how it can be optimally managed. A balanced and comprehensive exposure to the growing knowledge base of ecotourism that will assist their ability to place in context, critically evaluate and effectively manage the sector. (Weaver, D. Ecotourism, 2nd edition: ESP Printers, Inc. 2008). Just as tourism has grown and changed, ecotourism also has gone through a kind of metamorphosis. In its early days, ecotourism was seen more as a type of travel and a specific market niche. Today, it is increasingly viewed as a travel concept or philosophy, based upon a set of principles that can, and should, be applied across the widest possible spectrum of the global tourism industry in an effort to make tourism truly sustainable and a positive benefit to the natural and cultural heritage of our planet. In that sense, ecotourism and nature travel should not be viewed as the same thing. A river-rafting through the jungle may be fun, may be interesting...
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...contribution of air travel as a means of transporting tourists to different locations is an important contribution of technology to the tourism and travel industry. The significant development of low cost carriers is another means of successful technological applications to the tourism and travel industry (Stipanuk 1993). The tourism industry is often defined as the sectored system of innovation and production. This sectored system in tourism is extremely complex; given the fact that the tourism products and actors changes due to changes in the external forces. The evolvement and progress of information technology has therefore had a tremendous impact in tourism (Aldebert, Dang & Longhi 2011). The travel and tourism industry suffered a setback post 9/11 terrorist attack. Airlines were forced to change their marketing strategies and give more emphasis to ecommerce. Most airlines started including special applications like content management, personalization software and business intelligence paraphernalia. Internet technology gained importance as it became the major force to work safely and effectively. This technology also helped airlines to reduce costs and get closer to the customers. Let us find out some of the major features which gained momentum due to the information technology revolution (Kelemen 2003). The travel and tourism industry suffered a setback post 9/11 terrorist attack. Airlines were forced to change their marketing strategies and give more emphasis to ecommerce...
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...ONLINE TOURISM AND TRAVEL- ANALYSING TRENDS FROM MARKETING PERSPECTIVE Dr. Manoj Dixit Reader Department of Public Administration University of Lucknow Email: manojdixit23@gmail.com Dr. Rakesh Belwal Assistant Professor Department of Management Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) Email: rakesh_belwal@yahoo.com Dr. Gurmeet Singh Senior Lecturer Department of Management & Public Administration University of South Pacific Fiji islands Email: drgurmeetsingh@yahoo.com 1 ONLINE TOURISM AND TRAVEL- ANALYSING TRENDS FROM MARKETING PERSPECTIVE ABSTRACT Tourism is the world's largest civilian industry whose growth, economic significance and potential are phenomenal across the globe. Online tourism is rapidly becoming a growing topic of research and its importance as future mode of acquiring information and purchase of tourism products and services is growing day by day. The present paper has been written with the extensive research on contemporaneous data, websites and conference proceedings on tourism related aspects. Web survey, focused interviews have been used to elicit specific information for such qualitative analysis.The domain of Internet is increasing day by day. Tourism products, in particular, have yet to realize its complete advantage. Still, Internet has significantly benefited the bottom line of tourism organizations in terms of cost of converting as well as losing customers with pluses and minuses respectively. Keeping this in view, online tourism...
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...development of the Internet has definitely had a significant impact on the way in which travel products and services are being marketed, distributed and sold. Due to their information-intensive nature, travel products are thought to be very suitable for sale on the Internet. These developments have changed travellers’ behaviour that now depends on the Internet to search for information, plan their travel, and purchase online. Different sources provide evidence that illustrate the importance of online travel shopping. Research Objectives: * To explore the relationship between the Internet and the travel industry, with a special emphasis on the impacts brought by the Internet; * To identify the factors affecting the online travel shopping behaviour of FEU students, with special emphasis on the influence of trust and culture * To explore internet usage for information searching and product purchasing for online travel products by FEU students. * To determine the positive and negative effects of online travel shopping to the behaviour of FEU students. Review of Related Literature NEW TECHNOLOGIES. They provide travellers with greater access to information, and facilitate the purchase of remote tourism products. (New Web-based and mobile technologies have become important drivers of change in travel behaviour. They provide travellers with greater access to information, and facilitate the purchase of remote tourism products.) (In the context of tourism, this active...
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...Tourism background in Singapore Tourism is at its rapid expanding stage. Being in the 21st century, most of people are traveling and visiting attractions all around the world. There are seven continents on earth and these continents constitutes of many states and even tiny islands that can be considered as a tourism destinations and attractions. Where it is accessible, there will be tourists. Singapore has one of the largest service sectors in tourism. For Singapore to take this advantage as a tourism destination, it has contributed 3% of Singapore's GDP which has generated a sum of US$ 9.4 billion in 2007. As one of the most popular countries in Asia, Singapore has been growing rapidly for the past few years. With the help of the tourism industry, it has strengthened the infrastructure developments, in addition of various events and the countries strategic location in the heart of region. This shows how much the role of tourism industry can play in Singapore's economy. To ensure that tourism remains a key economic pillar, a bold target, Tourism 2015, was unveiled in the year 2005. The objectives of Singapore is to triple the tourism receipts to US$ 30 Billion, doubling visitor arrivals to 17 Million, and creating an additional 100,000 jobs in the services sector by 2015, according to "Opportunities in Singapore Tourism Industry (2007-2009)". Having all these advantages, the negatives are also a factor to look at so by doing this research; I will have a better view on the...
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...Topic: Heritage management (manage visitors. services. safeguarding built heritage. from tourism point of view Introduction Tourism is a major industry and strong economic vehicle that makes a significant contribution to overall national economy. (Nicolette de Sausmarez, 2007) Tourism for many individuals is about enjoyment and having fun, for governments tourism is generator of important foreign exchange and job creator for allied industries. Tourist industry has a major impact on host country’s civil society and social landscape. Tourism provides economic benefits and influences the local residents in many other ways as well (Oui, 2005). Tourists are exposed to local politics implicitly by being exposed to conditions that are present for local residents. Only countries with safe and stable image draw tourists in abandon, so in other ways increasing levels of tourists imply an endorsements of concerned location’s ambient environment. Political regimes are indirectly bolstered by tourists, therefore tourism not only aids in economic development but for international support of governmental policies (Oui, 2005). In case of a crisis or disaster, economy is disturbed and livelihood of many may be affected. Crisis indicators may be useful in highlighting areas of concern and minimize affects on tourism. The damage to tourist destination may be substantial, as in the case of SARS outbreak or Bali bombings and full recovery may take a significant time and effort. Crisis...
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...Topic: Heritage management (manage visitors. services. safeguarding built heritage. from tourism point of view Introduction Tourism is a major industry and strong economic vehicle that makes a significant contribution to overall national economy. (Nicolette de Sausmarez, 2007) Tourism for many individuals is about enjoyment and having fun, for governments tourism is generator of important foreign exchange and job creator for allied industries. Tourist industry has a major impact on host country’s civil society and social landscape. Tourism provides economic benefits and influences the local residents in many other ways as well (Oui, 2005). Tourists are exposed to local politics implicitly by being exposed to conditions that are present for local residents. Only countries with safe and stable image draw tourists in abandon, so in other ways increasing levels of tourists imply an endorsements of concerned location’s ambient environment. Political regimes are indirectly bolstered by tourists, therefore tourism not only aids in economic development but for international support of governmental policies (Oui, 2005). In case of a crisis or disaster, economy is disturbed and livelihood of many may be affected. Crisis indicators may be useful in highlighting areas of concern and minimize affects on tourism. The damage to tourist destination may be substantial, as in the case of SARS outbreak or Bali bombings and full recovery may take a significant time and effort. Crisis...
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...advantage resource and its productivity paradox. A competitive advantage factor model (CAF model) has been proposed and the structural modelling (SEM) has been performed on the case of a small transitional Slovenian hotel sector. The study contributes to knowledge on ICT competiveness and ICT productivity paradox in hotel sector. Further, its results hold practical implications for the strategy for hotels operating in small-sized hotel industries in transitional or ICT developing environments. In more concrete terms, research findings indicate that such hotel sectors need to speed the ICT implementation. ICT as such doesn’t directly increase the firm’s profitability, yet there is an indirect positive impact of factor ICT on a firm’s financial performance that emerges through other competitiveness factors, such as differentiation, qulity or image, which helps firms to stay competitive on the tourism markets. Key words: Information and communication technology (ICT), ICT implementation, competitiveness, strategy, small hotel industry, transition, Slovenia. JEL Classification: L8; M15; D24 1. INTRODUCTION In a global market economy service companies must identify the key resources that can possibly generate a competitive advantage. They should also explore how they can...
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...Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism Agenda 1. 1.1 ICT and tourism – introduction Tourism as information business 1.2 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 eTourism – ICT usage in tourism ICT usage in tourism – overview and case studies Tourism stakeholders and interfaces Tourism suppliers and eTourism Intermediaries and eTourism Destination organisations and eTourism Tourism management and eTourism 3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Trends and future applications Social Media & Web 2.0 Website optimisation Interoperability and semantic web Software agents Recommender systems Dynamic packaging Mobile services & ambient intelligence Online auctions in tourism 2 ICT in Tourism © copyright IFITT 1.2 eTourism – ICT usage in tourism Definition and history of eTourism Facts & trends Reasons, advantages and implications of ICT usage ECCA – eTourism Competence Center Austria 3 ICT in Tourism © copyright IFITT 1.2 eTourism – ICT usage in tourism Definition and history of eTourism Facts & trends Reasons, advantages and implications of ICT usage ECCA – eTourism Competence Center Austria 4 ICT in Tourism © copyright IFITT Introduction - ICT ICT - Information and Communication Technologies Umbrella term for technological developments for the Production, analysis, storage, search, distribution and use of information ICT includes a combination of hardware software telecommunications netware groupware humanware ICT enables effective data processing & communication...
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...Topic: Heritage management (manage visitors. services. safeguarding built heritage. from tourism point of view Introduction Tourism is a major industry and strong economic vehicle that makes a significant contribution to overall national economy. (Nicolette de Sausmarez, 2007) Tourism for many individuals is about enjoyment and having fun, for governments tourism is generator of important foreign exchange and job creator for allied industries. Tourist industry has a major impact on host country’s civil society and social landscape. Tourism provides economic benefits and influences the local residents in many other ways as well (Oui, 2005). Tourists are exposed to local politics implicitly by being exposed to conditions that are present for local residents. Only countries with safe and stable image draw tourists in abandon, so in other ways increasing levels of tourists imply an endorsements of concerned location’s ambient environment. Political regimes are indirectly bolstered by tourists, therefore tourism not only aids in economic development but for international support of governmental policies (Oui, 2005). In case of a crisis or disaster, economy is disturbed and livelihood of many may be affected. Crisis indicators may be useful in highlighting areas of concern and minimize affects on tourism. The damage to tourist destination may be substantial, as in the case of SARS outbreak or Bali bombings and full recovery may take a significant time and effort. Crisis management...
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