...Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Blesilda Galsim NUR/513 March 6, 2012 Noura Kassis Ed.D.,R.N. Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Introduction The evolution of nursing as a profession had showed through time that it is both an art and science. Before the 19th century, the military and religious orders are the ones who perform the duties of how nurses work today. As time went by, different events throughout history such as wars and epidemics had shaped nursing to its present organization. Nowadays, nursing is pushing further towards the future in improving itself as a profession for better care and service to the community. The objective of this paper is to discuss the historical development of nursing timeline, relationship of nursing science on the profession and influences nursing science has on other disciplines. Historical Development Nursing as an organized discipline, made its first significant impact during the Crimean War in 1853. Florence Nightingale considered as the founder of nursing, created the initial model on nursing science. Her theory became the initial foundation and cornerstone in nursing. Her main goal is on changing the environment to facilitate care, nourishment, and recovery. Her views suggested that nursing is about not only giving medicines and about treatment, but environmental factors are also vital in directly affecting one’s health status. In 1952, Hildegard Peplau described...
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...and defined by various disciplines; including:social work, psychology, education, community psychology, and nursing. In addition,Empowerment concept is lately used in different phenomenon, such as: studentempowerment, empowerment of teachers, empowerment of patient and empowerment of nurses. From reviewing the related literature of the concept in the nursing field, there is nospecific definition of empowerment because it is used depending on the writer and theframework of his/ her paper.According to (Norries, 1982) one of the major problems with the nursing science isthat its concepts are words that lack the elements of the system that are necessary for ascientific discipline (e.g. categories, taxonomies and rules). For that, the writer will present aconcept analysis of empowerment which will identify and examine its attributes,characteristics, antecedents, consequences and uses of the concept in the nursing field.According to the assumptions for this concept analysis paper, the writer believes that eachnurse manager must empower his/her followers' autonomy, accountability, decision makingabilities, problem solving, and managerial skills.Usually an analysis of the concept is held to clarify its meaning and to show therelations of its elements in various fields. In this paper the concept of empowerment will bestudied in the field of nursing to clarify its meaning to develop nursing knowledge base andto show its importance in this profession. As the writer believes that when the nurses...
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...Abraham Maslow and Nursing Abraham Maslow and Nursing Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs has a lot to offer the field of nursing. As a theorist of humanistic psychology, Maslow adopted a more holistic-dynamic approach to the field (Hall, Lindzey & Campbell, 1998). He was born on April 1, 1908. Growing up as a boy, his relationship with his parents was strained (Emrich, n.d.). He did research on primate behavior at the University of Wisconsin and later served as a faculty member of Brooklyn College and Brandeis University. The Laughlin Foundation made him a resident fellow in 1969. Maslow died of a heart attack on June 8, 1970 (Hall, Lindzey & Campbell, 1998). The interesting thing about Maslow is that he developed his theories as part of the so-called "Third Force" of psychology: humanistic psychology. This was a response to the prevailing schools of thought at the time (Hall, Lindzey & Campbell, 1998). For him, psychoanalysis and behaviorism provided such negative and mechanistic outlooks of the human person, respectively. Something was needed to provide a more holistic perspective of people in order to balance out the other two approaches. Thus, he became the spiritual father of the humanistic psychology movement and contributed his famous Hierarchy of Needs (Schultz & Schultz, 2000). Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs basically argues that people have an innate tendency to self-actualize—that is to move toward developing...
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... involve multiple disciplines, provide education and apply to each individual patient. In practice, advocacy for these young children is important in helping them and their families understand about the situation and make education decisions on how to proceed with care. The concept of postoperative pediatric pain management must be analyzed to help resolve these misconceptions and not ignore the population who at times cannot speak for themselves. Review of Literature After a surgical procedure, the pediatric patient will come into contact with many healthcare professionals including nurses, doctors, and psychologists. Each of these disciplines plays a key role in aiding the pediatric patient in the management of their pain. Nursing Discipline Sutters et al. (2007) examined pediatric patients following a tonsillectomy procedure in order to assess their perceptions and expectations of...
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...Theoretical Foundations of Practice Historical Development of Nursing Timeline The purpose of this paper is to explain the historical development of nursing science by presenting different theorists and their theories with explicit events and years in the history of nursing, and inform on the affinity between the profession and nursing science. This paper also includes the importance of nursing science of other disciplines such as psychology, anthropology, education, philosophy, religion and the social science. The history of professional nursing starts with Florence Nightingale, who is considered the mother of nursing science. Nightingale placed emphasis on good nutrition and hygiene, efficiency of this practice had a positive impact when this method reduced the spread of infections and made a huge difference in the survival rate of soldiers in the Crimean war in the mid -1850s. In 1859, she published her famous nursing notes “What is and what is not” Although Nightingale wrote this book with the intention to give clues to those taking care of the health of others; ("Florence Nightingale and the Crimean War," 2008) it turned out to be a great educational and role model method which is clinically used to present. And it is a great example of evidence- based practice. In 1860 in London the school of Nightingale was opened, and the American Red Cross was founded by Clara Barton in 1881 ("Nursing Theory Definition”) Abraham Maslow proposed the theory of...
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...Available online at www.sciencedirect.com International Journal of Nursing Studies 46 (2009) 1012–1024 www.elsevier.com/ijns Engagement at work: A review of the literature Michelle R. Simpson * Center on Age and Community, College of Nursing, Cunningham Hall, 1921 East Hartford Avenue, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201-0413, United States Received 26 March 2008; received in revised form 20 May 2008; accepted 22 May 2008 Abstract Objectives: Engagement at work has emerged as a potentially important employee performance and organizational management topic, however, the definition and measurement of engagement at work, and more specifically, nurse engagement, is poorly understood. The objective of this paper is to examine the current state of knowledge about engagement at work through a review of the literature. This review highlights the four lines of engagement research and focuses on the determinants and consequences of engagement at work. Methodological issues, as identified in the current research, and recommendations for future nurse-based engagement research are provided. Design: A systematic review of the business, organizational psychology, and health sciences and health administration literature about engagement at work (1990–2007) was performed. Data sources: The electronic databases for Health Sciences and Health Administration (CINAHL, MEDLINE), Business (ABI INFORM), and Psychology (PsycINFO) were systematically searched. Review methods: Due to...
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...Nursing is a dynamic profession and life long learning is essential for nurses to stay current with the increased complexity of the healthcare needs of today and into the future.In other words, the needs of our patients are changing, as we must change in order to be prepared to better serve that need. Nursing has a long history of formal education which moved out of hospitals and into colleges and universities early last century. The associate degree level of nursing was developed out of a need to produce nurses in response to a shortage during and following World War II. It was a proposed as a temporary solution to a shortage to a shortage but was not intended to replace the professional level of nursing education. The ADN program require about 2 yrs for the student to complete. The Adn nurses are associate degree in nursing, ADN nurses have clinical skills and hands on basic skills but they lack both management and leadership skills with in the nursing field. Additionally they lack research skills used in nursing as well as knowledge on informatics the use of technological advances in enhancing quality medical delivery. ADN gives you the fundamentals of nursing practices. They basic theory, skills, competencies knowledge of scope of practice and legalities for licensure and the essential general education core that is necessary as a foundation [English, psychology, biology chemistry, anatomy and physiology , etc].it gives you the bare minimum knowledge required...
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...Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Development of the nursing practice has e started as early as the 1850’s with Florence Nightingale. She was the founder of the first nursing theory. From her foundation over the years nursing has blossomed into a great career and practice to where nurses and patients both benefit from the advances in theories and practice. Theory is an essential part of the past, present and future of nursing. Timeline: (1860) Florence Nightingale: - Florence Nightingale was the founder of nursing theory (George, 2011). She described nursing as both an art and a science. She recommended adjusting the environment to improve the person’s health. She believed that nursing was a calling and that it is different from medicine and the goal for nursing was to place the patient in the best possible condition for nature to act. She was able to construct this theory through her experiences in the Crimean war. Theory development began with Nightingale and was revived in the 1950s. Her foundational work is what nursing theorists expanded upon that started in the 1950’s until the present time. (1952) Hildegard Paplau: Interpersonal Relations Theory -Paplau, a psychiatric nurse instructor, described the nurse-client relationship, and stated that nursing is therapeutic interpersonal process (George, 2011). The 1950’s populated theoretical conceptualization of nursing science by Columbia University Teaching College graduates (George, 2011). Paplau...
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...The Importance and Implications of Evidence Based Practice-Research Patricia Davis Immaculata University The Importance and Implications of Evidence Based Practice-Research Evidence based practice is a way of providing health care that is guided by incorporating current knowledge and clinical expertise. This research and resource information corrects clinical problems, application of quality interventions, and evaluates the outcomes for further improvements in the future. Evidence based practice is an approach that improves the impact of nursing, psychology and social work. It gives research the cause and effect that gives validity to the information. The purpose of evidence based practice is ensuring that patients receive the best quality care and keep nurses, nursing care, and knowledge up to date. The American Nurses Association (ANA) recognizes the importance of evidence based practice (EBP), and that it incorporates the registered nurse to integrate, participate in the formulation, and contribute to the knowledge of research to improve healthcare outcomes (ANA, 2010). Evidence based research results in favorable patient outcomes across various geographic locations. The impetus for evidence-based practice comes from decisions of efficacy, and healthcare facility pressures for cost containment. Evidence practice stresses changes in the education of students, more practice-relevant research, and closer working relationships between clinicians and researchers...
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...Adherence: A Concept Analysis Tiffany Bruno Adherence: A Concept Analysis The concept of adherence to medication regimens has been an ongoing area of study across medicine, psychology, nursing and pharmacology. First, I think it is important to clarify the difference between compliance and adherence. The term “adherence” implies a more collaborative active role between the patients and their providers whereas compliance implies a passive role to health-care on the part of the patient (Carpenter 2005). The word adhere originated in the 15th century from the Latin “’ad-“ (to) + “haerere” (to stick)” (The American Heritage College Dictionary, 1993, p. 16). Adhere is defined as “to stick fast; remain attached” and/or “to be a devoted follower or supporter” (The American Heritage College Dictionary, 1993, p. 16). Adherence, then, is the “process or condition of adhering” or the “faithful attachment; devotion” (The American Heritage College Dictionary, 1993, p. 16). As a nurse practitioner, it is vitally important that we equip our patients with the proper information and instructions regarding treatment regimens to increase adherence and improve patient outcomes. As a nurse practitioner in the area of oncology, medication adherence to chemotherapy and targeted therapy agents, the need for a thorough understanding of adherence, is heightened due to the complexity surrounding the physiological implications of cancer and the pharmacokinetics of the treatment. Not only...
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...from birth to the end of adolescence. Psychological changes comprise motor skills and other psycho-physiological processes such as cognitive development (Levine & Munsch 2010). Cognitive development refers to the construction of a thought process which consist not only reasoning, problem solving and decision making, but also it includes cerebral activities such as thinking and memory (Woolfolk-Hoy & Hoy 2004). From this process child will start to learn to analyze the condition and reasoning, which will advances throughout the childhood till adulthood. This essay will discuss the effect of multiple factors such as environmental and social variable on cognitive development. Essay will also explore the importance of understanding developmental psychology for nursing practice. Environment and social variables have a high influence on cognitive development. Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky have done remarkable research and develop their own theories in understanding of cognitive development in children. Even though, Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky have varied theory about cognitive development, both theories are equally significant to understand cognitive development of a child. According to Lev Vygotsky’s socio-culture theory of development, child’s cognitive development is greatly influenced by the social interaction and culture(Slavin 1996). Lev Vygotsky believed that it is inevitable for child’s cognitive development to be a part of a community. He suggested that a child observe...
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...Elizabeth A. Curtis, Jan de Vries, Fintan K. Sheerin This article provides an introduction to the issue of nursing leadership, addressing definitions and theories underpinning leadership, factors that enhance leadership in nursing, and the nature of leadership content taught in undergraduate programmes. Highlighted are differences between leadership and management, and the notion that leadership can be ‘learned’. The authors also point out that there is a discrepancy between how leading undergraduate nursing programmes prepare students primarily in the transition of education to practice, and the suggestion from a number of nursing publications that leadership in nurses should be fostered throughout their education. Key words: Nursing leadership n Management n Factors that enhance leadership n Undergraduate programmes he importance of effective leadership in health care has been emphasized by a number of authors (Dunham and Fisher, 1990; Hewison and Griffiths, 2004; Carney, 2006; Greenfield, 2007; Sutherland and Dodd, 2008), and nursing leadership is pivotal to this as nurses represent the largest discipline in health care (Oliver, 2006; Marquis and Huston, 2009; Roussel et al, 2009; Sullivan and Garland, 2010). Research on leadership has demonstrated a positive relationship with improved patient safety outcomes (Tregunno et al, 2009); healthy work environments (Shirey, 2009); job satisfaction (Heller et al, 2004; Sellgren ...
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...genetics and environment as risk factors in this disease. • Present the statistics in the general population that include gender and age in Schizophrenia. • Discuss the types of treatments for this disease and how effective they are. • Conclusion – Summarize my thesis statement and summary of the information presented in the introduction and body. Discuss the understanding of Schizophrenia as a mental disorder. Described the importance of nature vs nurture in this disease. Results of Preliminary Literature Search 1. Candela, Steven F., and Theo C. Manschreck. "NSS In Schizophrenia." Psychiatric Annals 33.3 (2003): 157-166. Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition. Web. 29 June 2015. 2. Fawcett, Jan. "Syndromes And Disorders Versus Symptom Dimensions." Psychiatric Annals 35.1 (2005): 8. Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition. Web. 29 June 2015. 3. Kukshal, PrachiThelma, B. K.Nimgaonkar, Vishwajit L. Deshpande, Smita N. “Genetics of schizophrenia from A Clinical Perspective.” International Review of Psychiatry 24.5 (2012): 393-404. Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection. Web. 28 June 2015. 4....
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...Adjustment to Health Change or Crisis The following essay will describe the understanding that I have gained regarding a person who is adjusting to their health change. Throughout the essay I will be referring to the patient as John, and his wife as Sally, therefore adhering to the Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008) guidelines upholding confidentiality. John’s background will be summarised and key terminology being used throughout the essay clarified. I will underpin my essay with theory relevant to adjustment and coping, linking the theory to the interventions that were implemented while John was on the ward. Demonstration on how these interventions were effective and significance in supporting John with his adjustment will be shown, concluding with my own professional development. John is 68 years old; I met him while on placement. John was admitted to the ward after deterioration in his mental state at home. John has a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Dementia (AD) and has recently become confused and was becoming aggressive, both verbally and physically with his family and friends. According to Jacoby,Oppenheimer (2003) reported aggression towards carers from people with AD is high and is generally the reason for the person to have a hospital admission. Sally was finding it increasingly difficult to manage his needs and her own health was suffering. John was also unsafe to be left at home alone due to his tendency to wander and his inability to recognise his...
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...My ambition to study for a degree in dental hygiene and therapy has developed out of several years’ experience of working as a dental nurse. I have considered the career of dentistry for a long time and am fully aware of how demanding at times it can be, therefore I decided to study a foundation degree in dental nursing at a university. Throughout my working career I have become more aware of the importance of a hygienist’s role in maintaining patient’s dental health. I understand how common periodontal disease is nowadays and have deep faith in the value of every preventative care and patient education. A patients’ well-being can be dramatically improved through the hygienist’s actions such as advice on diet and smoking, therapy and treatment which includes...
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