...“fight-or-flight” response is a healthy reaction meant to protect a person from harm. But in PTSD, this reaction is changed or damaged. People who have PTSD may feel stressed or frightened even when they’re no longer in danger Do children react differently than adults? Children and teens can have extreme reactions to trauma, but their symptoms may not be the same as adults.1 In very young children, these symptoms can include: • Bedwetting, when they’d learned how to use the toilet before • Forgetting how or being unable to talk • Acting out the scary event during playtime • Being unusually clingy with a parent or other adult. Older children and teens usually show symptoms more like those seen in adults. They may also develop disruptive, disrespectful, or destructive behaviors. Older children and teens may feel guilty for not preventing injury or deaths. They may also have thoughts of revenge. For more information, see the NIMH booklets on helping children cope with violence and disasters. What are the symptoms of PTSD? PTSD can cause many symptoms. These symptoms can be grouped into three categories: 1. Re-experiencing symptoms: • Flashbacks—reliving the trauma over and over, including physical symptoms like a racing heart or sweating • Bad dreams • Frightening thoughts. Re-experiencing symptoms may cause problems in a person’s everyday routine. They can start from the person’s own thoughts and feelings. Words, objects, or situations that are reminders of the event can...
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...Clin Soc Work J (2014) 42:323–335 DOI 10.1007/s10615-014-0496-z ORIGINAL PAPER Trauma Through the Life Cycle: A Review of Current Literature Shulamith Lala Ashenberg Straussner Alexandrea Josephine Calnan • Highlight every key term that refers to the following key concepts: 1) "trauma" generally a) "large T trauma" b) "micro-trauma" 2) "resilience" Published online: 31 May 2014 Ó Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 Abstract This paper provides an overview of common traumatic events and responses, with a specific focus on the life cycle. It identifies selected ‘‘large T’’ and ‘‘micro’’ traumas encountered during childhood, adulthood and late life, and the concept of resilience. It also identifies the differences in traumatic events and reactions experienced by men compared to women, those related to the experience of immigration, and cross generational transmission of trauma. Descriptions of empirically-supported treatment approaches of traumatized individuals at the different stages of the life cycle are offered. Keywords PTSD Á Large-T and micro-traumas Á Neurobiology Á Gender differences Á Immigrants Á Treatment approaches The past is never dead. It’s not even past. William Faulkner The conflict between the will to deny horrible events and the will to proclaim them aloud is the central dialectic of psychological trauma. Judith Lewis Herman S. L. A. Straussner (&) Silver School of Social Work, New York University, 1 Washington...
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...10 Things Happy People Do Differently 10 strategies happy people incorporate into their lives Published on October 16, 2012 by Paula Davis-Laack, J.D., M.A.P.P. in Pressure Proof Happiness is having a large, caring, close-knit family in another city. George Burns How happy are you and why? This is a question I spend a fair amount of time thinking about, not only as it applies to my own levels of happiness, but also as it applies to my family, friends, and the people who I work with. Since graduating with my master’s degree in positive psychology, I’ve worked with and observed thousands of people in a wide variety of settings, and happy people just flow with the groove of life in a unique way. Here is what they do differently: 1) They build a strong social fabric. Happy people stay connected to their families, neighbors, places of worship, and communities. These strong connections act as a buffer to depression and create strong, meaningful connections. The rate of depression has increased dramatically in the last 50-75 years. The World Health Organization predicts that by 2020, depression will be the second leading cause of mortality in the world, impacting nearly one-third of all adults (Murray & Lopez, 1996). While several forces are likely behind this increase, one of the most important factors may be the disconnection from people and their families and communities. Related Articles Choosing the Object of Your Devotion Happiness Depends Upon Close Relations The...
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...Crisis Management Communication Plan Grace Parisi HCS/350 12-15-14 Benjamin Ovando Crisis Management Communication Plan Effectively communicating is crucial when preparing and managing a crisis, mass trauma or disaster. In any of these situations proper structure and organization needs to be in place. This includes assigning responsibilities and training staff to follow certain procedures to successfully manage and continue to operate under the stress of the unplanned event. When dealing with a crisis we need to have open, truthful and timely communication. So we can actively work and support each other. A crisis can be any situation that threatens the integrity or reputation of the facility or company. The important thing is to identify the situation and notify whoever needs to be involved. This may be a charge person, VP, CEO and maybe public relations. Then collaborate with each other, then come up with a plan to put it into motion. In a mass trauma it is important to promote safety. This means getting people to a safe place and making sure they know they are safe. Trying to help people remain calm and decrease their anxiety. If anxiety remains high it can interfere with physical and psychological well-being. In emergencies people need to be able to trust and be trustworthy of the person communicating information. “A trusted source of information is the most important resilient asset that any individual or group cab have”. (Longstaff, 2005). When a disaster strikes...
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...Adolescent Cognitive Development After Trauma Raquel A. Figueroa Liberty University COUN 620-B02 Abstract In a generation of hopelessness, adolescents seek a purpose for their existence. They seek refugee from violence, abuse and maltreatment. The overwhelming pressure opens the door for instant gratification in drugs, alcohol, sexual activity, and fail to make appropriate adjustments in compromising circumstances. There is a correlation between traumatic experiences and adolescent cognitive development. A traumatic experience can alter an adolescent’s neural system and adversely affect the latter stages of brain development. Working with survivors of traumatic events requires an understanding of maladaptive behaviors, reactions and coping skills. Behavioral patterns emerge and become part of an adolescent’s personality. This paper will highlight the impact of traumatic experiences on adolescent cognitive development and their ability to foster an intrinsic knowledge of self. Maltreatment of adolescents has reached epidemic proportions within the United States. According to Bright (2008), “One in four children/adolescents experience at least one traumatic event before age 16” (p. 11). A study commissioned by Finkelhor, Ormrod, & Turner (2005) concluded the exposure to “physical abuse, sexual abuse, witnessing domestic violence, community violence, and natural disasters is a common occurrence among children in the U.S.” (p. 314). Reports of...
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...psychological consequences. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) and Prevention identifies the immediate psychological consequences of sexual violence as: “shock, denial, fear, confusion, anxiety, withdrawal, shame/guilt, nervousness and distrust. Victims may also experience the following chronic psychological consequences: depression, generalized anxiety, suicidal behavior, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), avoidance of sex, low self-esteem and self blame” (CDC, 2015). All of which are feelings discussed in the personal testimonies in, The Hunting Ground. Before proceeding further, the rarity behind the story of Annie and Andrea must be addressed. The Hunting Ground, serves as a tool of inspiration for other victims alike, however, survivors viewing the documentary may feel defeated by the duo’s ability to publically exceed expectations throughout the recovery process. Annie and Andrea served as sensational advocates for others, while overcoming trauma of their own. It is also important to note the rarity of multiple victims recovering together from sexual assault. Perhaps this highlights the importance of attending support...
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...This is a research paper on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in which it explains that the treatment of this mental condition goes beyond regular mental health treatment. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: The War at Home Regina N. Chance Kwoya Fagin, Professor ENG215 Research and Writing 7 August 2010 Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: Takes Special Medical Care The government is awesome at getting men ready for war, but they can’t quite get them back to civilian life and a humble heart. - JUNIOR ENLISTED MARINE, POST-IRAQ After we came back, many of us were only back in body. Our souls stayed over there. – ARMY COMBAT ENGINEER, POST-IRAQ Transition can mean the big picture of how a warrior has to try to adjust back into society, but the short term is very critical, from when a warrior leaves the battlefield to when they hit the streets at home. If there’s one thing I learned from my experiences, it was that there was no transition at all. –VIETNAM VETERAN Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has become the major medical issue with our soldiers returning from the war in Iraq and Afghanistan. For many soldiers, it is a badge of honor to have served but for most, it is a start to an endless battle of finding the courage to continue to serve or be labeled an unfit soldier for the military and useless to their family. PTSD affects not only the soldier’s way of life but the core of who the soldier is. For this...
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...Developmental psychology did not appear in the late 1800's like many fields of psychology. It appeared in the beginning of the 20th century and one of the main founders of developmental psychology was G. Stanley Hall (Smuts, 1996). There were many studies and experiments that were taken that helped process Developmental psychology into what it is today. Developmental psychology was not an easy subject to study. Since Developmental psychology is the study of how humans develop throughout the course of their life span, this made Developmental psychology a very broad field to study. In order to find out the origins and history of developmental psychology, we must first see how it all started beginning with the study of children. Without child psychology, developmental psychology would not exist because In order to study how humans develop we must first study the early stages, beginning with infants and children. Studying children was not an easy task at that time. There were many confusion in the process of studying infants and children. The researchers did not know if children had any bias or what infants sees and feels so the first step that was taken in studying infants and children's were studying their cognitive thinking and their perception. Many researches have been done and some of the results were that infant's cognitive components are being challenged actively (Keil, 2000). Since their cognitive components are being challenged actively, the children's environment would...
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...SCaring for Kids After Trauma, Disaster and Death: A GUIDE FOR PARENTS AND PROFESSIONALS SECOND EDITION The New York University Child Study Center is dedicated to the understanding, prevention and treatment of child and adolescent mental health problems. The Center offers expert psychiatric services for and intervention. The Center’s mission is to bridge training supported by the resources of the worldclass New York University School of Medicine. children and families with emphasis on early diagnosis the gap between science and practice, integrating the finest research with patient care and state-of-the-art For more information, visit www.AboutOurKids.org. Changing the Face of Child Mental Health Caring for Kids After Trauma, Disaster and Death: A GUIDE FOR PARENTS AND PROFESSIONALS SECOND EDITION DEVELOPED BY: The faculty and staff of the New York University Child Study Center Harold S. Koplewicz, M.D., Director & Founder Marylene Cloitre, Ph.D., Director of the Institute for Trauma and Stress REVISED SEPTEMBER 2006 under the direction of Joel McClough, Ph.D., Director of the Families Forward Program, Institute for Trauma and Stress by Anita Gurian, Ph.D. Dimitra Kamboukos, Ph.D. Eva Levine, Ph.D. Michelle Pearlman, Ph.D. Ronny Wasser, B.A. Permission is granted for reproduction of this document by parents and professionals © 2006 1 C A R I N G F O R K I D S A F T E R T R A U M A , D I S A S T E R A N D D E A T H ...
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...Title：Teachers and teaching in Context Department：Education Policy and Leadership Name of Tutor：Dr. Leung Yui Kei Topic：Fostering resilience strategies in beginning teaching Name of Student：Fan Yi Wan Wendy Student Number：11011494 Submission date：16/12/2013 Introduction Most people has an incorrect perception that teacher is a simple occupation with plenty of holidays. However teaching essentially involves many difficult and challenging work tasks. In Hong Kong, teachers especially have been put on a lot of burden that come from increasingly educational accountability and the pressure originate from student, school, parents, society and etc. This is particularly true for new teacher where they are lack of experience to deal with pressure and stress coming from the challenges of their job. This paper discusses the issue that related to the new teachers and the ways to foster resilience in beginning teaching and its implication for my future practice. This paper is divided into three major aspects. Firstly, discuss the hurdles and the problems of being new teachers in different areas which included 1) Students. 2) School, its policies and collegial interactions. 3) Parents. 4) Commodity. Secondly, explore the meaning of resilience which includes its concept, developmental assets and importance to the beginning teachers. Thirdly, deliver resilience skills for new teachers. 1. Challenges in different areas for the beginning teachers 1.1 Collaboration with students ...
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...factors displayed throughout the article on some of his experiences while growing up. We are able to recognize components such as resilience, race, spirituality, and mental health. This paper will focus on these different elements and how they were defined in Shawn’s life. We will also discuss how a bio-psycho social approach may help us better understand human behavior in the social environment. In Shawn’s life, we see a great deal of risk and resilience that displays a wonderful example of what each factor may look like. Shawn, who spends a great amount of his young life falling into his own stereotype, finds a way to break the chains of the standards that he was born into. At 11 years old, he was a messenger for the neighborhood drug dealers. Two years later, he had a .25 caliber pistol and headed down a very dark path. However, when Shawn was 17 years old, he turned his life around. He was the co-captain of his track team, an honor student and a youth leader at his church. Although, he had hit a high point in his life, Shawn began stumbling upon a reoccurring dream that spoke of the violent environment that he had been a part of for so long which made him realize he had to break away. Shawn’s father was a heavy drinker and drug user, who left him and his mother when he was 13 years old. We see an extraordinary amount of resilience as he makes an attempt to build his own separate identity from what society views as a typical young black male. Despite expressions...
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...protect children from ongoing violence and abuse post-separation, The Benevolent Society commissioned the Australian Domestic and Family Violence Clearinghouse to undertake a literature review of the latest research on the impact of domestic violence on children. The review also summarises the research evidence on how best to support and work with children and families affected by domestic violence. • Children continue to be at risk of violence during and after their parents’ separation. • Shared care parenting arrangements for children from separated families where domestic violence is present place these children at significant risk of harm. • Children can cope with and recover from the effects of violence, drawing on both their own resilience and the support of effective services. For ease of reading, this Snapshot does not contain original references. The complete, fully referenced, literature review is available at www.benevolent.org.au. Research by: www.benevolent.org.au Social Issues Snapshot Key Points Implications for policy and practice • Service providers need a standardised, universal...
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...Service on Children and Families Abstract When a service member is deployed or sent on a tour, this has a drastic change in the life of the service member’s family especially the children. Being the family of a military service member is already a difficult and complex lifestyle; deployments don’t make it any easier. Military deployment is a unique experience affecting both service members who make sacrifices for our country, and the loved ones who await their return. The potential for deployment is a constant reality. Today’s military deployments may occur in rapid succession and be extended. Therefore, military personnel and their families must always be deployment-ready. Deployments are not easy and can create significant stress for U.S. military men and women and their families. In many cases deployments cans create problems in families. It can contribute to marital problems, family dysfunction, and emotional or behavioral disturbance in spouses and children. The primary purpose of this research paper is to describe the effects of military deployments on a families and children. This paper will discuss the effects and they type of effects the military families and children are faced with. “Deployments in the United States have increased greatly in the past 10 years. Families and children are psychiatrically affected by these deployments and recent studies are clarifying these effects.” (James 2012, p.16) Deployments in military service entails the departing...
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...comprising 47% of all humanitarian entrants (Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs, 2003). Humanitarian immigrants present higher levels of stress and socialisation problems when compared to other migrant entrants (MacLennan, 1997). A significant portion of humanitarian entrants have ran from circumstances involving great violence and exhibit trauma, economic turmoil, loss of family and social networks, and significant breaks from education or work (Kline &Mone, 2003). Refugees tend to have experienced war and famine (Adams et al, 2004) and these experiences have led them to experience substantially trauma, involving physical and mental torture, sexual abuse, and other distressing conditions (Neuner et al, 2004). According to Farwell (2004), experiencing trauma during war and economic troubles leads to their mental turmoil. Experiencing and witnessing violence is connected to an array of various deliberating psychological effects such as anxiety, depression, substance abuse and post-traumatic stress disorder (Silove, 2001). Psychological distress related to psychosomatic disorders, grief and questioning the meaning of life areexhibited to a lesser extend as a result of such experiences (Silove, 1999., Steel, 1991). Refugees who had their life threatened tend to experience post traumatic stress disorder (Momartin et al, 2004) and refuges who had experienced four or more traumatic circumstances had a significantly higher rate of anxiety, depression,...
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...What Is Mental Health? Mental health includes our emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how we think, feel, and act. It also helps determine how we handle stress, relate to others, and make choices. Mental health is important at every stage of life, from childhood and adolescence through adulthood. Over the course of your life, if you experience mental health problems, your thinking, mood, and behavior could be affected. Many factors contribute to mental health problems, including: * Biological factors, such as genes or brain chemistry * Life experiences, such as trauma or abuse * Family history of mental health problems Mental health problems are common but help is available. People with mental health problems can get better and many recover completely. Mental health is a level of psychological well-being, or an absence of a mental disorder;[1] it is the "psychological state of someone who is functioning at a satisfactory level of emotional and behavioral adjustment".[2] From the perspective of positive psychology or holism, mental health may include an individual's ability to enjoy life, and create a balance between life activities and efforts to achieve psychological resilience.[1] According to World Health Organization (WHO) mental health includes "subjective well-being, perceived self-efficacy, autonomy, competence, intergenerational dependence, and self-actualization of one's intellectual and emotional potential, among others."[3] WHO...
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