...Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP). Concentrated solar power systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. Photovoltaics convert light into electric current using the photovoltaic effect.[2] Photovoltaics were initially, and still are, used to power small and medium-sized applications, from the calculator powered by a single solar cell to off-grid homes powered by a photovoltaic array. They are an important and relatively inexpensive source of electrical energy where grid power is inconvenient, unreasonably expensive to connect, or simply unavailable. However, as the cost of solar electricity is falling, solar power is also increasingly being used even in grid-connected situations as a way to feed low-carbon energy into the grid. Commercial concentrated solar power plants were first developed in the 1980s. The 392 MW ISEGS CSP installation is the largest solar power plant in the world, located in the Mojave Desert of California. Other large CSP plants include the SEGS (354 MW) in the Mojave Desert of California, the Solnova Solar Power Station (150 MW) and the Andasol solar power station (150 MW), both in Spain. The 250+ MW Agua Caliente Solar Project in the United States, and the 221 MW Charanka Solar Park in India, are the world’s largest photovoltaic power stations. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power ...
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...Solar Energy Businesses in the Philippines Solutions) - AVGarcia Power Systems Corp. - AVODROC D MARKETING - Ace Electech Center Importer and Distributor of LED Bulbs, LED Fluorescent, Solar Panel, Solar Fan, Solar Refrigerator, Solar Cooker, Wind Generator, CCTV system, PABX Communication System, Telephones, AVR, Battery Chargers, Sine wave Inverters, Square Wave Inverters, Solar Water Pump and many more. • Business type: manufacturer, wholesale supplier, importer, distributor • Product types: LED lighting, solar street lighting, LED light bulbs, solar lighting systems, wind turbines (small), DC lighting, CCTV Systems, PABX Communication systems, AVR, Inverters, Telephones, . • Service types: engineering • Address: 555 Raon st. (G. Puyat), Sta. Cruz, Manila Philippines • Telephone: 3097535 • FAX: 7401983 • Web Site: http://www.aceelectechcenter.com • E-mail: Send Email to Ace Electech Center AFMI. Global Phils. Inc. • Business type: distributor • Product types: LED lighting, solar electric power systems, batteries deep cycle, uninterruptible power supplies UPS, generators diesel, air filtering and purification system components, ESD and Conductive Tiles. • Service types: consulting, design, construction, engineering, site survey and assessment services, contractor services, maintenance and repair services, testing services • Address: P3 Aurora Building Alabang Zapote Road, Muntinlupa, Philippines Philippines...
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...While Shell Oil Company provides administrative support to the Committee, it does not fund the Committee’s donations nor does it make any political contributions itself. We are calling for change, sharing our expertise and co-operating with governments, companies and other partners. Our Business Principles encourage us to contribute to debates on policy issues that affect our business, our employees or the local communities where we operate. Our advocacy Climate change is one of the biggest challenges we face. We will continue to work with governments to help them set the policy frameworks to create market-based incentives – such as an effective cap-and-trade market for CO2 – that will contribute towards improving energy efficiency and support lower-carbon energy, including carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies. We advise governments to use different policy instruments for different sectors. For heavy industry and the power sector we advocate an emissions trading systems combined with incentives for the rapid demonstration and deployment of new low-carbon technologies. Transport needs stringent vehicle efficiency targets and incentives for fuels with lower CO2emissions over their lifecycle, as well as measures to manage congestion and road use. Buildings and appliances...
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...Title: SOLAR ENERGY: “SUNLIGHT into USEFUL ELECTRICITY” >Introduction< In today's climate of growing energy needs and increasing environmental concern, alternatives to the use of non-renewable and polluting fossil fuels have to be investigated. One such alternative is solar energy. Solar energy is quite simply the energy produced directly by the sun and collected elsewhere, normally the Earth. The sun creates its energy through a thermonuclear process that converts about 650,000,000 tons of hydrogen to helium every second. The process creates heat and electromagnetic radiation. The heat remains in the sun and is instrumental in maintaining the thermonuclear reaction. The electromagnetic radiation (including visible light, infra-red light, and ultra-violet radiation) streams out into space in all directions. Only a very small fraction of the total radiation produced reaches the Earth. The radiation that does reach the Earth is the indirect source of nearly every type of energy used today. The exceptions are geothermal energy, and nuclear fission and fusion. Even fossil fuels owe their origins to the sun; they were once living plants and animals whose life was dependent upon the sun. The sun is an inexhaustible source of energy. Solar energy is radiant energy from the sun caused by nuclear fusion in the sun’s core. The sun’s radiant energy reaches the earth in rays of sunlight. Solar energy in the form of heat and light sustains life on earth. Solar energy can also...
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...Operation in the Philippines Alsons Consolidated Resources, Inc. In partial fulfilment of the course requirements in Management Accounting By: Ma. Isabel Lagunilla Hocson sab.lagu@gmail.com Submitted to : Dr. Marivic Manalo December 13, 2013 Sustainable Business Operation in the Philippines 2 I. Introduction Just last month, the country experienced the strongest typhoon to hit the Earth. No amount of preparation is enough to survive such wrath from Mother Nature. Before Yolanda hit the Philippines, a lot of typhoons passed the country. These typhoons left behind destructed homes and dead people as a result severe flooding brought about by non-segregation and throwing of trash anywhere. Illegal logging also contributed to flash floods. All these are reasons why we should start being concerned not only for the businesses we are part of but also its neighbouring communities. Sustainability should be the one goal of all businesses. It is a prerequisite for economic growth and poverty reduction in Asia and the Pacific. The market has shown an increase of concern for sustainability and its impact to the environment and because of this, companies have created new processes economically, socially and more importantly environmentally. This study aims to look at the optimism of Philippine businesses on the adaptation of cleaner operations for sustainable development. A lot of environmental laws has been passed the last few years both from the Philippine Constitution...
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...Ateneo de Naga University High School Grade 7 Science: Third Term Unit and Syllabus Lesson Plans (Regular Program) School Year 2013-2014 Teacher: VINCENT EDUARD A. STA.C LARA LG 7414 Unit V. EARTH AND SPACE 36 sessions | D E S I R E D R E S U L T S | ESTABLISHED GOALS 1. Demonstrate understanding of the physical features of the Philippine archipelago and its natural resources, including the ways by which these resources are conserved and protected.2. Demonstrate understanding of the different phenomena that occur in the atmosphere and how they affect human activities.3. Demonstrate understanding on the occurrences of eclipses.4. Demonstrate understanding of the relationships of the seasons and the position of the sun in the sky.• C1.2 Desire to improve themselves, to continually gain a deeper understanding of who theyare, and to become more authentically free and decisive in their actions• C1.6 Develop the perspectives over central ideas, methodologies, and conceptual geographies of the variety of intellectual disciplines • C1.7 Seek meaningful application of knowledge and skills to life situation• C1.10 Grow in awareness of the global nature of many social problems and relates them to the current issues and historical antecedents• C2.1 Acknowledge that there are universal values which qualify a truly human life• C2.2 Accept their weaknesses and strengths with genuine humility• C2.6 Respect respectable law and...
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...Renewable Energy Summary Renewable energy flows involve natural phenomena such as sunlight, wind, tides, plant growth (biomess) and geothermal heat. According to the International Energy Agency (2002), “Renewable energy is derived from natural processes that are replenished constantly. In its various forms, it derives directly from sun, or from heat generated deep within the earth. Included in the definition is electricity and heat generated from solar, wind, ocean, hydropower, biomass, geothermal resources, and biofuels and hydrogen derived from renewable resources.” Renewable energy resources and significant opportunities for energy efficiency exist over the world. Compare to other traditional energy resources like fossil fuel, which are concentrated in a limited number of countries. The rapid development of renewable energy and energy efficiency, and the technological diversification of energy resources, would provide a sustainable and stable supply of energy and a significant growth in economy for the world in a foreseeable future. History of Renewable Energy Prior to the development of coal in the mid 19th century, nearly all energy used was renewable. The oldest known use of renewable energy, in the form of traditional biomass to fuel fires, dates from 790,000 years ago (K. Kris, 2013). The second oldest usage of renewable energy is using the wild to drive ships over water. This can be traced back 7,000 years ago, to ships on Nile (The Encyclopedia of...
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...Workbook on Science (Grade 5) Produced by 57-75 in partnership with the Ateneo Center for Educational Development and the Department of Education Divisions of Bayombong (Nueva Vizcaya), Guimaras, Iligan City (Lanao del Norte), Iloilo City (Iloilo), Pampanga, San Isidro (Nueva Ecija), Pagbilao (Quezon) and Sual (Pangasinan) Workbook on Science (Grade 5) Writers: Ms. Nenita Gellego (Guimaras) Ms. Jacinta Abeleda (Sual,Pangasinan) Reviewers: Ms. Michelle Jose (Ateneo Loyola Schools) Ms. Anna Marie Q. Benedicto (Ateneo High School) In partnership with: Ateneo Center for Educational Development Foundation for Worldwide People Power League of Corporate Foundations Philippine Business for Education Philippine Business for Social Progress SynergeiaFoundation PREFACE In April 2008 the 57-75 Movement organized a workbooks development write-shop in order to come up with an immediate and effective response to the problem of lacking textbooks and instructional materials in public schools. For two weeks, master teachers from each of the 57-75 pilot sites compiled a series of workbooks on Science, English, and Mathematics designed for their elementary and high school students. The write-shop aimed to: (1) identify least mastered skills in a subject area; (2) produce lesson guides that will help increase the ability of classroom instructors in developing the mastery level of students particularly in problematic subject areas; and (3) help teachers be creative in developing their own instructional...
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...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study In this age of industrialization and globalization, the importance of electricity is unquestionable. Considered as one of the basic needs of mankind, it is essential not only in performing household tasks or maintaining livelihood activities, but also in improving people’s well-being. Through electrification, people have greater access to productivity and developments in technology, infrastructure, health, education, communication, and even modern and sustainable livelihoods. However, despite its importance there are still many households especially here in Mindanao which do not have connection to electricity. Based on the results of the 2008 Annual Poverty Indicators Survey, two in every five poor Filipino families living in the urban or rural areas do not have electricity in their homes (National Statistics Office, 2008). The reason for this is the high cost of electricity.For the economically disadvantaged, electricity is considered a luxurious necessity. Another problem that confronts electricity utilization both in the urban and rural areas is the frequent power rate increase and the prevailing power shortages. Based on the situation here in Iligan City as of May 2013, insufficient power supply caused Iligan Light and Power, Inc. (ILPI) to purchase additional 10 MW from MPC (Mapalad Power Corporation). This resulted to increase in power cost from Php 6.53 per kWh to Php 7.67 per kWh. With the increase in demand, possibility...
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...Renewable energy is generally defined as energy that comes from resources which are naturally replenished on a human timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat. Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct areas: electricity generation, air and water heating/cooling, motor fuels, and rural energy services. Based on REN21's 2014 report, renewables contributed 19 percent to our global energy consumption and 22 percent to our electricity generation in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Both, modern renewables, such as hydro, wind, solar and biofuels, as well as traditional biomass, contributed in about equal parts to the global energy supply. Worldwide investments in renewable technologies amounted to more than US$214 billion in 2013, with countries like China and the United States heavily investing in wind, hydro, solar and biofuels. Renewable energy resources exist over wide geographical areas, in contrast to other energy sources, which are concentrated in a limited number of countries. Rapid deployment of renewable energy and energy efficiency is resulting in significant energy security, climate change mitigation, and economic benefits. In international public opinion surveys there is strong support for promoting renewable sources such as solar power and wind power. At the national level, at least 30 nations around the world already have renewable energy contributing more than 20 percent of energy supply. National renewable energy markets...
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...PV StatuS RePoRt EUR 24807 EN - 2011 The Institute for Energy provides scientific and technical support for the conception, development, implementation and monitoring of community policies related to energy. Special emphasis is given to the security of energy supply and to sustainable and safe energy production. European Commission Joint Research Centre Institute for Energy Contact information Address: Via Enrico Fermi 2749 TP 450 21027 Ispra (VA) Italy E-mail: arnulf.jaeger-waldau@ec.europa.eu Tel.: +39 0332 789119 Fax: +39 0332 789268 http://ie.jrc.ec.europa.eu www.jrc.ec.europa.eu PV Status Report 2011 Research, Solar Cell Production and Market Implementation of Photovoltaics July 2011 Arnulf Jäger-Waldau European Commission, DG Joint Research Centre, Institute for Energy, Renewable Energy Unit Via Enrico Fermi 2749; TP 450 I – 21027 Ispra (VA), Italia EUR 24807 EN Legal notice Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use, which might be made of the following information. The report does not represent any official position of the European Commission, nor do its contents prejudge any future Commission proposals in any areas of Community policy. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server http://europa.eu/ JRC 64900 EUR 24807 EN ISBN 978-92-79-20171-4 ISSN 1831-4155 doi 10.2788/87966 The report...
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...methodology of the study. 1.1 Background and Rationale of the Study Due to increase in population size, the world today craves for a higher consumption of biodiesel, vegetable oil, health supplements, cosmetics and other food and non – food products that people cannot live without. One main source of these products is African Oil Palm. According to Escobar et al. (2008) the African Oil Palm is the most productive species among oleaginous plants. It is a traditional native crop for the West and Central African communities, occurring between Angola and Gambia. This plays a major part of the culture of Africans and they use it both in the household and in the market. The quest for renewable energy has intensified since the escalating price of crude petroleum in the recent years. Renewable energy such as biodiesel has the potential to replace petroleum – derived transportation fuel in the future. Biodiesel is a renewable and biodegradable diesel fuel extracted from plant oil. It is a natural hydrocarbon with negligible sulfur content which will substantially help in reducing emissions from diesel – fed engines. According to the study conducted in Malaysia, the African Oil Palm has properties and potential for making biodiesel. Due to this discovery, African Palm Oil became the base of a highly profitable agro – industry that attracts the attention of many potential investors nowadays. African oil palm industry is the second largest industry in the country of Honduras. African Oil...
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...Experience with Promotion of Renewable Energy: Successes and Lessons Learned Parliamentarian Forum on Energy Legislation and Sustainable Development Cape Town, South Africa 5-7 October, 2005 Richard L. Ottinger[?] Abstract: Renewable energy is becoming economic in all markets as its rapid growth results in more competitive prices. It is particularly appropriate and increasingly being adopted for providing electric power services to rural areas in developing countries unlikely to be served by grid electricity. Policies needed to implement renewable energy systems in rural areas are discussed in this paper. Most prominent are removal of subsidies to traditional energy primarily benefiting the wealthiest; involving the local populace in decision making; educating financial institutions about the economics of investing in renewable energy systems and creating investment vehicles appropriate to financing them in poor localities; training personnel on management, maintenance and drafting contracts; requiring vendor provision of maintenance and parts; and effective regulation and oversight of system management and financing. I. Introduction The recent sharp increases in the prices of oil, natural gas, uranium and coal underline the importance for all countries to focus on development of alternative energy resources. For developing countries, these price increases can have ruinous economic consequences; for many countries already plagued by poverty this means...
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...Technologies for Alternative Energy Climate Change Working Paper No. 7 Ainsley Jolley Climate Change Project Working Paper Series March 2006 Centre for Strategic Economic Studies Victoria University PO Box 14428 Melbourne VIC 8001 AUSTRALIA Telephone +613 9919 1340 Fax +613 9919 1350 Email: csesinfo@vu.edu.au Website: http://www.cfses.com Technologies for Alternative Energy 1. Introduction In Papers 5 and 6 technologies for the main sources of energy consumption were discussed. In Papers 7 and 8 the attention is focussed on technologies that impact on emissions from energy production. Table 1 provides data on the main sources of GHG emissions in the advanced economies for the year 2000. Table 1. Sources of GHG Emissions in the Advanced Economies, 2000 Source of emissions Electricity and heat production Petroleum refining Other energy production (coal and gas transformation) Fugitive emissions (coal, oil and gas) Total energy production All sources of emissions Note: (a) energy production as % of all sources of emissions. Source: CSES (2004). Tg CO2 -e 3831.2 420.7 324.6 441.5 5018.1 13175.3 % of total 76.3 8.4 6.5 8.8 38.1 (a) Papers 7 and 8 focus on emissions from the production of electricity and heat, which represent 76.3% of all emissions related to energy production. The other sources of emissions are not discussed in detail in this report. Coverage of the issues relating to these sources of emissions is given in CSES (2004). Incremental technological...
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...Chinese Inventions World Cultures II World Cultures II May 24, 2012 “Chinese Inventions” The United States Independence Day is July 4th and on this day fireworks light the sky. To know the day of the week Independence Day will fall on, we check a 365 day calendar. On Independence Day Americans put up flyers advertising firework shows using a combination of paper and printing. In order to arrive at the firework show a person may use a compass to help find the way. At the firework show a person may observeb a card game using playing cards. There may be food at the show for sale that may upset a person’s stomach and they may have to use the rest room. Using the restroom includes using toilet paper. While the firework show is very entertaining and festive, some Americans have their own traditions. Some may shoot at the sky with a gun using gunpowder. All these different things that can happen on any given Fourth of July in the United States are made possible by the Chinese. The Chinese innovative and creative inventions make the festive of any given Fourth of July possible. The inventions include Paper,Printing,Gunpowder,and theCompass, theCalendar year 365, Fireworks, Playing cards and Toilet paper. Though all these inventions are important in society today there are four inventions that are the most important. Those four inventions that are the most important are the compass, the calendar year 365, paper and printing. The invention...
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