... Affects the normal use of the soil Endangering public health and the living environment Causes of LAND POLLUTION 1. By poor agricultural practices * Excessive use of fertilizers & pesticides. Farmers use fertilizers and pesticides in order to kill pests and have an abundant harvest, but some people use excessive amounts of fertilizers and pesticide, which causes pollution * Excessive farming, construction, overgrazing, burning of grass cover and deforestation 2. By mineral exploitation * This includes piles of coal refuse and heaps of slag and underground debris. Mining and forestry activities that clear the land surfaces (clear cutting) and use 'skid trails' often leave the land not restored. The surface is exposed to erosion which destroys the quality of the land. Additionally, iron and other chemicals such as copper, mercury and lead from mining practices leach into the soil, polluting it and leaving it exposed to water bodies as well. 3. By indiscriminate disposal of urban wastes. * The waste materials that cause land pollution are broadly classified as municipal solid waste (MSW, also called municipal refuse), construction and demolition (C&D) waste or debris, and hazardous waste. MSW includes non hazardous garbage, rubbish, and trash from homes, institutions, commercial establishments, and industrial facilities. C&D waste includes wood and metal objects, wallboard, concrete rubble, asphalt, and other...
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...2. Rationale of the Project Improper waste disposal has been a very big issue to most places around the world. Through this, it can create environmental problems such as soil contamination and pollution. Hazardous chemicals that get into the soil can harm plants when they take up the contamination through their roots. If humans eat plants and animals that have been in contact with such polluted soils, there can be a negative effect impact on their health. Now with the pollution, bad waste management practices can result to land and air pollution and can cause respiratory problems and other adverse health effects as contaminants are absorbed from the lungs into other parts of the body. On the root of it all, improper waste management can also cause health problems. Humans are not the only one affected by improper waste disposal but animals too. Garbage dumping and discharging raw or untreated sewage can threaten marine life and animals who come in contact with the water. Waste products such as plastics and metals present an immediate danger to animals, in particular, marine life. They might mistake these waste products for food and may choke or get poisoned by it. Through this, the area can suffocate and contaminate sea bottom habitats such as coral and fish reducing their numbers. The purpose and objective of the study is to help spread the awareness of the effects of improper waste disposal and teach them different methods of solid waste management. After this, it is expected...
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...throw them in the trash. There are those who will recycle them for the greater good of society or give them for free to those who need it. This has lead to a new way of giving and saving the environment. Below is a study on the success of Freecycle.org and the reasons why more companies like them are needed. The success of Freecycle.org can be attributed to many different factors in our society today. We are a society of excess. We are continually buying more and more goods to either replace something that was broken or to fill our wants and needs. In this process there is a great deal of items to either be thrown away or given to those who could use it. The economic crash in 2008 did not help the situation either. More and more people are in dire need of products for either very low costs or hopefully free. Spending frugally and obtaining things for free is ideal in the world we live in today considering how much excess is thrown out. Living on Ohio State's campus showed me clearly that every year, students had too many items than what they truly needed to survive day to day. And with that would come the inevitable flow of truck after truck of people going through dumpsters or replacing the bulk pickup that the city provides for free. The environment can also be a majorly attributed to their growth. The effects of improper disposal can lead to surface water retention, soil contamination, pollution, and leachate. (“Effects of poor waste disposal”, 2010). The economic...
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...Of the 29 places to eat on Cornell’s campus, I chose to evaluate the food waste practices at the Risley Dining Hall on North Campus, for this case study. Risley is one of the program houses and focuses on art and theater and is located right next to one of the major bus stops on north, across the street from Balch Residence Hall (an all girls’ freshman dorm hall). They are open for lunch and dinner everyday. I eat lunch at Risley almost every week day with my friends. In comparison to my experiences at some of the other dining halls on campus, Risley seems to have a quieter setting. Risley has one serving line, a salad bar, and a fruit/sides bar. There are round tables set up to seat about 4 people. Studies show that when an individual eats with a larger group of people, they are more likely to consume greater amounts of food, especially at a buffet-style dining area (citation). I think the small, round tables at Risley promote smaller lunch gatherings and thus, help cut back on the amount of food wasted. Several people eat alone while doing homework on their laptops. I have noticed that these individuals appear to eat less than those eating with a more social group of friends. There are also often adults getting lunch at Risley, more so than I...
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...IMPROPER SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY AT BARANGAY 19, SAMPAGUITA STREET BATANGAS CITY Introduction Solid Waste Management refers to the collecting, treating, and disposing of solid material that is discarded because it has served its purpose or is no longer useful. Improper disposal of municipal solid waste can create unsanitary conditions, and these conditions in turn can lead to pollution of the environment and to outbreaks of vector-borne disease—that is, diseases spread by rodents and insects. The tasks of solid-waste management present complex technical challenges. They also pose a wide variety of administrative, economic, and social problems that must be managed and solved. The primary sources of solid waste include waste generated in residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial activities. Certain types of wastes that cause immediate danger to exposed individuals or environments are classified as hazardous; these are discussed in the article hazardous-waste management. All nonhazardous solid waste from a community that requires collection and transport to a processing or disposal site is called refuse or municipal solid waste (MSW). Refuse includes garbage and rubbish. Garbage is mostly decomposable food waste; rubbish is mostly dry material such as glass, paper, cloth, or wood. Garbage is highly putrescible or decomposable, whereas rubbish is not. Trash is rubbish that includes bulky items such as old refrigerators, couches, or large tree stumps....
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...living organisms, or that damage the environment. Pollution occurs in different forms; air, water, soil, radioactive, noise, heat/thermal or global warming and light. Pollution happens because of the following; we process, consume and throw away a high volume of material resources at a very high rate. Then the nature’s way of reabsorbing these resources back into its structure and effectively neutralizing them is much slower than our rates of production or consumption. Pollution is caused because of excessive production and consumption which are major contributors of man-caused pollution; also inefficient and dirty methods of production and consumptions; careless and thoughtless disposal of post consumption waste resources are the major causes of man-cause pollution. Careless and thoughtless disposal of post-consumption waste resources which could otherwise be recycled also contributes to environmental pollution. There are fundamental drivers of the pollution; these are the major forces behind the surge in levels of air, water and land pollution throughout the globe. These are Industrialization it set in the motion the widespread use of fossil fuels (oil, gas and coal) which are now the mail sources of pollution. Population growth with the exploding increase in the population around the world, the demand for goods and services goes up. This demand is met by expanded production and use of natural resources, which in turn lead to higher levels of pollution. Globalization. It...
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...A.2 Case Waste Management Synopsis In February 1998 Waste Management announced that it was restating its financial statements for 1993 through 1996. In its restatement, Waste Management said that it had materially overstated its reported pretax earnings by $1.43 billion. After the announcement, the company’s stock dropped by more than 33 percent, and shareholders lost over $6 billion. The SEC brought charges against the company’s founder, Dean Buntrock, and five other former top officers. The charges alleged that management had made repeated changes to depreciation-related estimates to reduce expenses and had employed several improper accounting practices related to capitalization policies, also designed to reduce expenses.1 In its final judgment, the SEC permanently barred Buntrock and three other executives from acting as officers or directors of public companies and required payment from them of $30.8 million in penalties.2 History In 1956 Dean Buntrock took over Ace Scavenger, a garbage collector owned by his father-in-law, who had recently died. After merging Ace with a number of other waste companies, Buntrock founded Waste Management in 1968.3 Under Buntrock’s reign as its CEO, the company went public in 1971 and then expanded during the 1970s and 1980s through several acquisitions of local waste hauling companies and landfill operators. At one point the company was performing close to 200 acquisitions a year.4 From 1971 to 1991 the company enjoyed 36 percent...
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...Urban Waste Management Solid wastes are those organic and inorganic waste materials produced by various activities of the society, which have lost their value to the first user. Improper disposal of solid wastes pollutes all the vital components of the living environment (i.e., air, land and water) at local and global levels. There has been a significant increase in MSW (municipal solid waste) generation in India in the last few decades. This is largely because of rapid population growth and economic development in the country. Due to rapid growth of urban population, as well as constraint in resources, the management of solid waste poses a difficult and complex problem for the society and its improper management gravely affects the public health and degrades environment. The population of Mumbai grew from around 8.2 million in 1981 to 12.3 million in 1991, registering a growth of around 49%. On the other hand, MSW generated in the city increased from 3200 ton per day to 5355 ton per day in the same period registering a growth of around 67% (CPCB 2000). This clearly indicates that the growth in MSW in our urban centers has outpaced the population growth in recent years. This trend can be ascribed to our changing lifestyles, food habits, and change in living standards. Waste referred as rubbish, trash, garbage, or junk is unwanted or unusable material. According to European councils’ directive “Waste is any substance or object which the holder discards or intends or is required...
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...Running head: THE FORENSIC ACCOUNTANT FORENSIC ACCOUNTING IN PRACTICE Tanon Patrick Contemporary Business - BUS 508 Dr. Ronnie A. Jones December 20, 2013 Abstract Accounting is the systematic process of identifying, recording, measuring, classifying, verifying, summarizing, interpreting and communicating financial information. It reveals profit or loss for a given period, and the value and nature of a firm's assets, liabilities and owners' equity (Business Dicitionary.com). Accountants take a vow to ensure the accuracy of all financial records for the company they work for. When a company suspects fraudulent activity they often call in a forensic accountant to help with the investigation. The forensic accountant has the skills to investigate what happened, to measure damages, and to provide litigation support to corporate and outside counsel (Flexstudy.com). FORENSIC ACCOUNTING IN PRACTICE Determine the most important five (5) skills that a forensic accountant needs to possess and evaluate the need for each skill. This paper will give some incite on the different levels of responsibility and skills that the forensic accountant must have to provide quality service. “Accounting professionals work in a variety of areas in and for business firms, government agencies, and not-for-profit organizations. They can be classified as public, management, government, and not-for-profit accountants” (L.E. Boone...
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...use and deserves emphasis that the environment also refers to the place where you live. Pollution generated by human activities presents the most serious problems to our environment by improper waste management is one of the main causes of environmental pollution and degradation in many cities worldwide, primarily in developing countries and cities here in the United States of America that lack waste regulations and proper disposal facilities that can improve pollution in the environment. Waste can be infectious, toxic and or radioactive, for improper waste management will create a tremendous threat to residents in these under developed cities worldwide, particularly those residents living close to dumpsites. Depending on a city’s level of waste management, waste may be disposed of in an uncontrolled manner, segregated for recycling purposes or simply burnt which can pollute water, food sources, land, air and vegetation. This method of waste disposal creates an environmental degradation and destruction to our ecosystem and poses great risk to our health. Land pollution is characterized by the contamination of Earth's surface, where organisms live. One of the major causes of land pollution is human activities which includes but is not limited to deforestation, littering and unauthorized disposal of industrial waste. Deforestation for the establishment of factories and industries due to urbanization where trees are harvested on a very large scale without any effort to plant new...
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...Review – Exam 2 This is just an outline; make sure you go over everything. Materials: Exam 2 will cover chapters 13, 14, 15, 18 & 19: everything we have covered in the class. Exam 2 will start Sharp at 6:00 pm. The allotted time for exam 2 will be 6:00 to 6:50 pm Format: There will be 40 multiple choice questions, scantrons will be provided. Main Concepts Chapter 13: * Soil forming factors * Soil formation begins with fragmentation of parent material. * Parent material consists of ancient layers of rock, or more recent deposits from lava flows or glacial activity. * The first organisms to gain a foothold in modified parent material also contribute to soil formation. * Lichens form pioneer communities. * Decomposition of dead lichens further alters underlying rock. Humus is the organic material resulting from the decay of plant and animal remains. * It mixes with top layers of mineral particles, and supplies needed nutrients to plants. * It creates a crumbly soil that allows adequate water absorption and drainage. * Burrowing animals such as earthworms bring nutrients up from deeper soil layers, improving soil fertility. * * The organic material resulting from the decay of plant and animals remains is called………….? HUMUS * Soil properties: Soil texture Soil texture is determined by the size of mineral particles within the soil. * Too many large particles (sand, gravel) lead to extreme...
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...INTRODUCTION With the great concern surrounding the destruction of the earth's atmosphere due to air pollution, the immediate and direct harm caused to the human body is often over shadowed. While many are aware that our careless use of hazardous chemicals and fossil fuels may leave the planet uninhabitable in the future, most over look the fact that they also cause real damage to our bodies at this moment. Such pollutants cause damage to our respiratory system, leading to the fluctuation of the life span of an individual depending on a number of conditions. Amongst these conditions are the individuals specific geographic location, age, and life style. In this essay I will try to explain what pollutants are and how they affect our bodies. What are the pollutants? And how do they affect our bodies? In order to understand how air pollution affects our body, you must understand exactly what this pollution is. The pollutants that harm our respiratory system are known as particulates. Particulates are the small solid particles that you can see through a ray of sunlight. They are products of incomplete combustion in engines example: automobile engines, road dust, and wood smoke. Billions of tons of coal and oil are consumed around the world every year. When these fuels burn they produce smoke and other by-products into the atmosphere. Although wind and rain occasionally wash away the smoke given off by power plants and automobiles, much still remains. Particulate matter (soot...
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...Waste Management, Inc. Strategic Case Analysis Submitted for Approval to: Dr. Jifu Wang LEADING EDGE CONSULTING Houston, TX The Leaders in Waste Management Group 1 Consultants Jason Cummings Correen Harrell Deanna Lewis Jim Upchurch David Woods Page 3 of 163 Table of Contents 1.0 2.0 2.1. 2.2. Executive Summary..........................................................................8 Background Information on Waste Management ..........................9 Brief History of Company............................................................................... 9 Historical Timeline of Important Events...................................................... 11 3.0 External Analysis ............................................................................13 3.1. General Environmental Analysis ................................................................. 13 3.1.1. Political/Legal Factors.............................................................................. 13 3.1.2. Economic Factors .................................................................................... 16 3.1.3. Sociocultural Factors ............................................................................... 20 3.1.4. Demographic Factors............................................................................... 21 3.1.5. Technological Factors.............................................................................. 25 3.1.6. Global Factors ...............................................
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...SEPTEMBER SEMESTER 2013 SMOM5103 – MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ASSIGNMENT OBJECTIVE: The assignment is to test student understanding of the concept of Environment Management System (ISO 14001:2004) and how to apply it at their company. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ INTRODUCTION: NSK Bearings (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. is a subsidiary of NSK Ltd. Group of companies headquartered in Tokyo, Japan and has served the needs of Malaysia industry for 20 years. NSK Malaysia supply major to Automotive OEM customers, distributors and heavy industries. At present, we have sixties over employees with three branches operating in Prai, Ipoh, and Johor Bahru. We also have two manufacturing plants in Selangor and one in Perak. At the moment, NSK Bearings is in the midst of achieving the Certification of ISO 14001. Our company decided to get the accreditation due to the recommendations from our customers, especially Toyota. In NSK Bearings, our premise is divided into three main areas: office, distribution warehouse and production. For this assignment purpose, I will focus on the Environmental Management System activities at the production area. Our production line consist of one assembly line for two products. We assembled the steering column system for Toyota and Perodua. [pic] Example of common steering system of a car. Task 1 How to plan and establish an Environment Management system at your own organization The...
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...EARTH POLLUTION By: GLEIDI B. LEOGAN (BSE-1A) TO: DR. ROSEL W. DELES (ENG.2) I. INTRODUCTION Pollution is a major global concern because of its harmful effects on the person’s health and on the environment. Everyone is affected as we are all inhabitants of this one and only place we call home, our planet Earth. Each person has something to contribute to prevent its further deterioration, to help ourselves, the children and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come. We can help combat pollution in our own immediate environment if we are aware of the nature and form of pollutions and its effects on us and the environment. A pollutant is a waste material that pollutes air, water or soil. Three factors determine the severity of a pollutant, its chemical nature, the concentration and the persistence. There are two main categories of pollutants. Biodegradable pollutants are materials, such as sewage, that rapidly decompose by natural processes. These pollutants become a problem when added to the environment faster than they can decompose. Non-degradable pollutants are materials that either do not decompose or decompose slowly in the natural environment. Once contamination occurs, it is difficult or impossible to remove these pollutants from the environment. I. SOURCES OF EARTH POLLUTION A. AIR POLLUTION SMOG OVER SANTIAGO Set in an enclosed...
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