Premium Essay

In Other People's Words

In:

Submitted By polleyc
Words 9907
Pages 40
Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, Vol. 28, No. 5, October 2003

In Other (People’s) Words: plagiarism by university students—literature and lessons

CHRIS PARK, The Graduate School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK

ABSTRACT

This paper reviews the literature on plagiarism by students, much of it based on North American experience, to discover what lessons it holds for institutional policy and practice within institutions of higher education in the UK. It explores seven themes: the meaning and context of plagiarism, the nature of plagiarism by students, how do students perceive plagiarism, how big a problem is student plagiarism, why do students cheat, what challenges are posed by digital plagiarism and is there a need to promote academic integrity? It is concluded that plagiarism is doubtless common and getting more so (particularly with increased access to digital sources, including the Internet), that there are multiple reasons why students plagiarise and that students often rationalise their cheating behaviour and downplay the importance of plagiarism by themselves and their peers. It is also concluded that there is a growing need for UK institutions to develop cohesive frameworks for dealing with student plagiarism that are based on prevention supported by robust detection and penalty systems that are transparent and applied consistently.

Introduction Much has been written on the theme of plagiarism by students, particularly in the context of North American experience. This paper reviews that literature in order to discover what lessons it holds for institutional policy and practice within institutions of higher education in the UK. As well as being ‘the problem that won’t go away’ (Paldy, 1996), plagiarism is a problem that is growing bigger. There is mounting evidence that student cheating in general, and plagiarism in particular, are

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Techology Effect People

...that people always use smartphone, and they will develop some abominable behavior in their life. Finally, whether adults or young people, there are a lot of people’s life system are destroyed by using smartphone everyday. Therefore, smartphone bring some negative influence to some people. Some people always using smartphone will reduce communication face to face is the one effect about smartphone will let people communication ability get weak. Cell phones are affecting people’s life. “Extraversion may have a significant relationship to mobile phone usage behavior. Specifically, extroverted people spend more time calling and send multiple text messages” (Hong 2153). In the other word, extroverted people will spend more time on their phone, rather than communicate face to face with other people. Sometimes, the social anxiety also influences people’s communication. “People with higher social anxiety scores tend to not overuse mobile phones in voice-calling (Whiteside & Lynam 669-689); rather they spend more time in indirect communication through text messaging with others” (Bianchi & Phillips 39-51; Billieux et al., 1195-1210; Butt & Phillips 346-360). In the other words, people who have social anxiety are more likely to text messaging with others, they even do not calling with other people. Consequently, some people’s communication is limited by their extraversion and social anxiety. Some humans express their emotion and their important information maybe not good is another...

Words: 2433 - Pages: 10

Premium Essay

1984 Government Control

...George Orwell uses 1984 to show how the government can control everyone in the country and remain in control by exploiting the people’s right to privacy, their right to social life, the right to access accurate information to have an opinion. When the government can maintain absolute power over the people, it is possible to stop any kind of revolution against them. In the today’s world, technology is the same as the government from 1984. The government exploits the right of privacy by watching over everyone at every moment, having children to be loyal to the government and controlling people’s thoughts. The government watches over everyone by an electronic object called telescreen. When Winston is at his home, “Any sound that Winston made,...

Words: 1696 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Paper About Animals

...This is a paper for this website that apparently I need to upload a freekin essay in order to read other people’s essays. I do not know why I have to do this when I do not have an essay in which I am willing to share online, I only know that It would be a better idea if I just wrote my own right here so that’s what I am doing. My name is sam I do not like green eggs and ham and this essay has to be over 250 words. I This is a paper for this website that apparently I need to upload a freekin essay in order to read other people’s essays. I do not know why I have to do this when I do not have an essay in which I am willing to share online, I only know that It would be a better idea if I just wrote my own right here so that’s what I am doing. My name is sam I do not like green eggs and ham and this essay has to be over 250 words. I This is a paper for this website that apparently I need to upload a freekin essay in order to read other people’s essays. I do not know why I have to do this when I do not have an essay in which I am willing to share online, I only know that It would be a better idea if I just wrote my own right here so that’s what I am doing. My name is sam I do not like green eggs and ham and this essay has to be over 250 words. I This is a paper for this website that apparently I need to upload a freekin essay in order to read other people’s essays. I do not know why I have to do this when I do not have an essay in which I am willing to share online, I only know...

Words: 470 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Political Correctness

...POLITICAL CORRECTNESS And How It Affects People’s Attitude By Maria Sheehan English 1004 July 2013 Political correctness affects the language people use in a society. However, sometimes it fails to change the attitudes behind the language. The term “Political correctness” is very common and widely used among people. The term has undergone many changes throughout its existence. Initially this term signified the language people used to minimize possible offence on the basis of gender, race, or ethnicity. The definition of PC by “The Collins Cobuild English dictionary for advanced learners” reflects true and original meaning of the term. “If you say that someone is politically correct, you mean that they are extremely careful not to offend or upset any group of people in society, for example with their attitudes towards sex, race, or disability.” It also implies the intention and efforts to change discriminatory attitudes. However, It could be argued that politically correct language do not translate to politically correct attitudes. Van Boven, Dutch jurist and professor emeritus, argues that when people perceive the language they speak as having high standards of political correctness, they become more politically correct themselves (Van Boven, 2000). This statement can be supported by the PC ideologies, which were intended to enforce and change people’s views on gender, race and other minorities. One of the major ideologies of PC...

Words: 984 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Business Management

...has become a side effect of Internet and social media. Cyber bullying is a more serious problem than people thought, and by stopping cyber bullying we can make the world a better place. The consequences of cyber bullying are real, brutal and ruthless, it can ruin people’s reputation and life, cause from mental health problems to suicide; to make world a better place cyber bullying can be stopped by compassion empathy and caution. Cyber bullying is a common practice in many nations and have led to many disasters. Internet brought home many good interventions but this one was the wrong one in the generation. It is believed that a million number of people get exposed by cyber bullying each day. The fact that the cyber bullying has gone far in affecting our young generation it unstoppable. It is the action that we can all take so that we could stop these actions from happening again in the future. Cyber bullying have raised fighting actions among those individuals who are affected by the action. In addition, cyber bullying have increased the emotional hurt among many people since it is accompanied by stress and depression. Although more and more facts shows that cyber bullying has been a problem that affect people’s life but there are a lot of people refused to admits the consequences of Cyber bullying and underestimate the damage of cyber bullying. Some people believe that deleting the social...

Words: 1548 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Why Is Plagiarism Considered to Be Such a Grave Offence?

...copying someone else's ideas or words without mentioning the original writer or author, or without acknowledging that you have copied their words in exact way it was given in original source. Many people argue that plagiarism is a very serious offence and person who copies someone else's work should be penalised. Others claim that plagiarism is not always such a grave offence, it depends on situation and each plagiarism work should be investigated as an individual case. There is no doubt that plagiarism can be defined as a theft and an offence against original writer or author of any particular work. Chris Park (2003) claimed that plagiarism is more often referred to the theft of someone's ideas and words. According to Chambers Dictionary of Etymology (1988) word plagiarism was originated from word plagarius which means kidnapper, seducer, plunderer, literary thief. It is obvious that if a person takes something that belongs to other person without permission, it automatically becomes a theft. Therefore, even if taking someone else's words or ideas seems innocent, it is still counts as stealing because words and ideas is intellectual property of a person and this person has human rights to keep authorship . However, it does not mean that nobody can use other people's ideas and words. But if a person use them, it should be referred to original writer or author of these ideas, therefore it would not be considered as a theft. In other words, referring to original...

Words: 854 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Understanding Islam

...also helped to dissolve some of the misconceptions that surround Islam. I will cover four major points throughout this paper. First, I will discuss preexisting misconceptions held against Islam. Second, I will analyze how my prior understanding of Islam was altered, or not, upon completion of my field research. Third, I will discuss whether or not I believe misconceptions of other people’s religions are common and explain in detail why or why not. Fourth, I will recommend at least one step that could be taken to help minimize misconceptions that people have in regards to other religions. I hope, through the reading of my field research report, to provide a stronger sense of understanding and receptiveness that I now have for other religions to the reader. Misconceptions of Islam In order to discuss the misconceptions that surround Islam, we must first delve into understanding what the word “Islam” actually means. “The word "Islam" means peace and submission. Peace means to be at peace with yourself and your surroundings. Submission means to submit to the Will of God. A broader meaning of the word "Islam," is to achieve peace by submitting to the Will of God” (Athar, 2012, Common Misconceptions about Islam, para.3). There are two main misconceptions that I have had towards Islam. These include the support and promotion of terrorism through Islam, and the oppression of women within the Islamic faith. Both of these misconceptions are something that I have struggled with...

Words: 1739 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Rhetorical Analysis Of Albert Schweitzer

...The quote uses repetition by saying the same words but in a different order. By using the exact same words, an appeal to logos is made. The quote’s structure is simple, logical, and easy to understand, but strong and effective at the same time. Because the audience will be able to grasp Schweitzer’s message without difficulty, his quote is much more powerful. Another appeal to logos is seen in the simplicity of the words themselves. It’s logical to assume that when one does something they love they’ll feel happiness. When Schweitzer relates this idea to the beginning of his quote, people will understand that doing what you love will also bring you success as well as happiness. The simple, yet strong structure of the quote, and the logical reasoning behind Schweitzer’s words makes the quote successful in persuading the audience that happiness is the fundamental part of...

Words: 723 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

On Internet Slang, IMHO Summary

...In the article “On Internet Slang, IMHO” by Teddy Wayne is about how internet slang is used along with the link to a news article/newspaper are being used in social media. The newest industry like the Huffington Post write a short sentence or word along with a link or photo are called fragments.People who post links to an article say a word and then the link. The one word is a more important headline that what the article’s headline is when posting on twitter, facebook, or other social networking sites. Teens or other people tend to be more interested in the word they put than the link. In order to get people’s attention adults need to be more illiterate to get people's attention. One reason for that may be for the limited character count twitter...

Words: 309 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Essay

...used as the standard by which to rate people's agreement levels. Thirty participants were randomly allocated to 3 response conditions: A forced-choice option where participants chose from 4 emotions (happy, sad, angry, fearful), a forced-choice option with a "none of the above" option, and an open-ended option. Comparisons of the results indicate that the "none of the above" option produces significantly less agreement than the other forced-choice option, while the open-ended response format elicits even lesser agreement. 1: Department of Psychology, The New School for Social Research, New York, USA. Address correspondence to Allison Winters, afwinters@msn.com NSPB: 2005 - Vol. 3, No. 2 36 Perceptions of Body Posture Introduction To what extent do people agree on which emotions are associated with specific body postures? The literature suggests that people agree at above chance levels (Coulson, 2004; De Silva & Bianchi-Berthouze, 2004; Ekman, 1965; Ekman & Friesen, 1967; Pitterman & Nowicki, 2004; Schouwstra & Hoogstraten, 1995; Wallbott, 1998), based on studies that have asked participants to judge images of various body postures. The majority of the data gathered from these studies is based on the use of a forced-choice approach. That is, after being shown an image of a posture, participants are asked to choose from a list of emotions to describe particular postures. This paper suggests this approach overestimates people's agreement. It is unclear which...

Words: 1718 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Brent Staples Just Walk On By

...convey the message that other people’s fears and stereotyping results in him having to carry the burden around nearly everywhere that he goes. Staples...

Words: 634 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Indicators of Effective and Efficient Use of Language

...Graduate School Meycauayan College In Fulfillment of the Requirements for the ENG202 Descriptive Linguistics Nathaniel R. Bautista Student CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Words are basic element in communication, to communicate effectively one must know what exactly he/she wanted to express. Use specific rather than general words avoid clincher, there repeated words lost its effectiveness, because of redundancy. Do not use slang, jargon, or foreign words. It only confuse your listener, you also avoid euphemisms that can create subtle ideas. Above all avoid self–favorite words. In this world of complex individual men and women are two distinct creatures, who actually had opposite expressions, ideas and choice of words. This is the main reason why conflicts arise. A lot of studies show the diversity of men to women. To start with let us explore the languages each one utilizes. Facilitating better connotation between sexes, doesn’t mean that men need to completely change their behaviors or that women need to change, but in order to improve communication and have more harmonious relationship and effective work environment, we each have to work harder to understand and respect our differences. The men speak “menglish” women say “it’s a girl thing“. It may sound the same the same but words and phrases have entirely different meanings thus leading to catastrophic communication issues between the sexes Men and women actually have their own unique languages But you can...

Words: 1768 - Pages: 8

Free Essay

Writing

... Individual Rhetor’s Responsibility to Society In a society, rhetors play an important role. They use the art of persuasion to change people’s moods, emotions, and behaviors. Their art, the art of rhetoric, is a great power to “drives our social lives.” (Heinrichs 4) and move our society forward. Because of this supreme power, rhetors do have responsibilities; they should be honest, and not be hypocritical, but they also can’t be restricted by the social consensus. Since rhetoric is the art of influence,” (Heinrichs 4) rhetors who can’t undertake their responsibilities well, will mislead people and then our society will not be better functioned. A rhetor, who might be a politician, a reporter or even a social citizen, should be basically honest. There is no doubt that using rhetoric for persuasion is a skillful thing. But it still doesn’t mean that rhetors should use tricks to deceive people. Because sometimes a rhetor’s misleading persuasion can damage others’ lives. There are different rhetors in the movie Thank You for Smoking. They use different ways persuading people to believe their words. The most impressive one is called Nick Naylor. He is a spokesperson for the tobacco company and he uses twisting arguments to draw other people’s attention. Everyday he not only persuade people to smoke, but also use different words to deal with the protests from anti tobacco group, environmental group and scientific group in order to earn interest for the company. ...

Words: 1003 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Thesis

...CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND For years, researchers have been studying about the possible influence mass media could do in the lives of the people. And one of the highly influential media is advertising- a paid message that appears in the mass media for the purpose of informing or persuading people about particular products, services, beliefs, or actions. You see ads every day, mostly in the middle of a TV show, A Television Commercial, and it's easy to say "they're just ads" because, at worst, they feel like a nuisance or interruption. A lot of people have difficulty accepting the idea that ads are manipulative because we want to believe we're in complete control of our choices. Advertising exists because there's a product a company wants to sell and they want people to know about it so they can buy it. This much is obvious. There are all kinds of ads, but in general they all aim to keep you from thinking and, instead, make your buying choices based on an emotional response. Basically, if you're not prepared to think—and you often are not when you're watching television or reading a magazine—you'll pretty much accept any suggestion if it is offered to you. Since you're being so passive, you may not even realize its happening. Product advertisements such as beauty products, food and clothing pay a great deal of influence in Filipino viewers, especially young people. The consumer preference id often based...

Words: 4697 - Pages: 19

Free Essay

Essay

...a) Explain and contrast the concept of full rationality in economics with the concept of bounded rationality in human decision making. b) What is the availability heuristic and what biases emanate from this heuristic? Answer: There is a major difference between the concept of full rationality in economics (homooeconomicus) and the concept of bounded rationality in human decision making (homo-sapiens). Rationality is a decision making process that is logically expected to lead to optimal results given an accurate assessment of the decision maker’s values and risk preferences. The rational decision procedure consists of six stages. The first stage is to define the problem using an accurate judgment. Secondly, a rational decision maker identifies all the relevant criteria in the decision making process. In the third stage, a rational decision maker has to weigh all the criteria regarding his decision. The weight of these criteria varies in importance and the decision maker knows the values they place on each one of them. The decision maker, in the fourth stage, can search and generate for alternatives until the time that the cost of the search outweighs the value of the added information. The most difficult stage of the decision maker is the fifth stage, where the decision maker has to carefully assess potential consequences of each identified criteria of selecting each of the alternatives. Rating each alternative on each criterion requires forecast of future...

Words: 1130 - Pages: 5