...not I agree with "should women who are pregnant be incarcerated?" And "should mothers in prison be allowed to keep their babies with them?". Also my I will talk about who takes care of the children of the incarcerated women, and when the mothers go to prison who is responsible for the children left behind. Mothers being allowed bring their babies into prison while they are incarcerated can go two ways, there are pros and cons to having the babies in prison. I think that if this was allowed, other inmates that have a problem with that mother have an opportunity to hurt that mothers child. If they get into a heated argument the other inmates could try to seriously injure the baby or even try to kill the baby. Also if mothers were allowed to have their babies in prison, the prison system would have to spend money on a separate facility for the babies to stay, something like a day care so that the mothers can always come visit their children when they are allowed to. Another thing with women being allowed to have their babies in prison is the humiliation that child would have to live through growing up when they no longer live in the prison. They would have to deal with people calling them a prison baby thinking that they have no outside skills like they were the ones who were serving the time in prison. Also the children would miss out on a normal life because of all the strict rules that they would have to go by in prison even though they are not the criminals. The good things...
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...for removal of persons who commit acts against society as a whole has been a part of human nature. However, is it possible to reintroduce these people back into society and have them be an active and appropriate member of society? I have chosen to examine whether or not religious affiliations while incarcerated assist in the rehabilitation and lack of re-offense upon release. This area deserves additional research, after this study, due to the fact that about 5.6 million, about one out of every thirty-seven people are incarcerated in the United States (NCIS). If researchers can find a more effective way to reduce the level of recidivism; this in turn will decrease the number of incarcerated United States citizens and allow the governmental appropriation to be allocated to other needs. The following study, Religiousness and Post-Release Community Adjustment in the United States, 1990-1998, will be used to determine these three hypotheses: (1) that men with low self-esteem will regularly attend religious services, during their incarceration period. (2) This study will be used to test whether men that do not attend religious services while incarcerated are more likely to re-offend once being released from prison. (3) This study will test a sample of people incarcerated on drug charges. Specifically, whether inmates incarcerated on drug...
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...government officials within each state. In this research I hope to find out those community corrections has more to offer than incarceration. In conclusion incarceration is not the right way but community corrections will be. Community Corrections or Incarceration Table of Contents Abstract Introduction Background on Community Corrections Background on Incarceration Effectives of Community Corrections Effectives of Incarceration Programs dealing with Community Corrections Programs while Incarcerated Theory Interview with Mr. Sharron Wilson Result Reference Page Community Corrections or Incarceration Introduction Community Corrections is a better solution than incarceration because it offers many different alternative programs for several different types of offenders. Incarceration also offers similar programs that will help offenders while incarcerated. In this research I found out that there are many different things concerning community corrections programs that lead up to incarceration. Community Corrections offers a normal life opposed to incarceration. Community Corrections still the individual time to seat and think of more ways of getting in trouble. Incarceration on the other hands is...
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...Essay – Advocating for Adults incarcerated Human rights are for every human; Prisoners are human too. A prisoner is deprived of the human right of liberty though? Essay – Advocating for Adults incarcerated Human rights are for every human; Prisoners are human too. A prisoner is deprived of the human right of liberty though? CHCAD603A – Undertake Systems Advocacy CHCAD603A – Undertake Systems Advocacy Human rights are for every human; Prisoners are human too. A prisoner is deprived of the human right of liberty though? Where is the line when they are deprived of one are they deprived on any other human rights directly or indirectly? This essay explores the issues and basic human rights of an adult who is incarcerated and an analysis of structural, political and social factors which play their part in maintaining discrimination against this group and how they are discriminated against. Issues which affect adults in prison and how these affect the individual, community, society and government policy with examples of issues that have changed and how advocacy has been used to create change. The introduction of policies that have arisen as a result of identified issues and how they relate to Human rights will be another focus in this essay. There is a “Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners” guidelines which are an adaption to the Universal Human Rights charter specifically for those who are incarcerated. An example of this is rule 57 “Imprisonment and other...
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...The disparate number of minorities in prison populations is a concern for many who believe this disproportion is due to a systematic bias in the judicial system. While many factors may contribute to this overwhelming discrepancy, I contend that the disparate number of minority populations in prison is an accurate portrayal of how crime is committed in the United States. In order to understand the cause of this disparity, I will delve into the arrest rates and sentencing statistics that attempt to show why minorities are incarcerated at a higher rate, and why they're incarcerated for longer periods of time, than their white counterpart. These two focal points, arrest rates and sentencing statistics, I believe, are the best for gathering data, considering it is where the justice system both begins and ends. Though many may think that there is a racial bias concerning the disparate number of minorities in prison working against minorities, an article entitled, “Are Blacks and Hispanics Disproportionately Incarcerated Relative to Their Arrests?” provides impressive data to oppose this claim. This article boasts being one of the first studies to include the Hispanic ethnicity in their data, which other studies omitted from, or never incorporated into, their findings, making this study much more reliable in terms of determining the cause of the referenced disparity, and more accurate in comparing the races involved. The disparity in prison populations, according to this article...
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...Mary Montes CJS 230 – Gerry Norris November 27, 2011 University of Phoenix Online – Axia College There was a perplexing problem in the early 1800’s because the rate of women incarcerated was much lower than the rates of women incarcerated today. In reality women’s prisons did not exist, therefore the jails often treated women the same as they did the men, as well the women were punished the same way the men were “with the exception that pregnant women were often spared punishment until after they had given birth” (Foster, 2006, pg. 32). Most women incarcerated were because of prostitution and stealing. Foster also states that women incarcerated were generally mixed with the makes and they were supervised by males. (Foster 2006, pg. 32). According to Foster this began to change when Elizabeth Gurney Fry took a visit to Newgate Prison in 1813. Gurney Fry organized the Association for the Improvement of the Female Prisoners on 1817. In 1863, the Detroit House of Correction was opened. This facility had a unit separated for the women, and there were female guards in this unit. In today’s society, the female prisons are much like the male prisons. They operate with increased security concerns, and there are special housing units for the disorderly. While there was a movement to improve the prisons for women there were also reformers who were working hard to help reform the laws for children. In that era children who committed crimes were treated like the adults who committed...
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...once they are incarcerated and released into society. The term “reentry’” is a synonym for return and is defined as the act of going back to a prior place, location, situation or setting. Prison re-entry refers to the transition of offenders from prisons or jails back into the community. The concept of life in society is an important part of any reintegration of institutionalized people, including people who have been incarcerated for committing a crime. The institutionalization of a population leads to isolation, segregation and detachment of the elements of a company defining the basis of citizenship. Although individuals often returning to the community focus more on the choice of where they dwell, their long-term success in society is more likely to be dependent on the social roles they have chosen to play, to the extent that they will engage in the community and they have been prepared for this purpose during their incarceration or institutionalization. Reentry can help reduce recidivism as well as assist those who have been previously incarcerated to begin leading law abiding lives once released into society. However, overtime the importance of prisoner reentry has been drastically lowered with less emphasis on helping those to prepare for their release and with post release community integration. As a result, the shortage of reentry programs and limited responsibility of probation or parole to assist in re-entry; the rate at which people return to prison or jail is...
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...been about an average of 6,100 inmates in our prison systems a year, at the end of the fiscal year 2012 we had 1,571,013 personal incarcerated in the prisons population. The numbers has increased dramatically resulting in less space for the more offense crimes. The data shows that 7 in every 10 inmates are incarcerated any where from five years or less. With the large amounts of inmates being incarcerated all offenses have been subjected to mandatory minimum sentences. With the increasing of our prisons and being overcrowded the facilities have less prison guards which leads to more inmate activity. With the prison facilities being they way they have been for the last couple of decades prison counts have dropped the last 6 years resulting in a decrease by 1.7 percent a year. The reason we have had the decrease the last couple of years was due to a Supreme Court ordering to relieve prison overcrowding. Natasha Frost said, “This is the beginning of the end of mass incarceration.” Eight states in the United States have decrease their numbers of incarcerated by 1000 or more, and the other half of the United States have shown signs of decreasing numbers slowly. States like Texas have put money into other programs like treatment facilities, interventions and diversion programs, resulting in saving taxpayers dollars. The noticeable saving showed results in other places like parole failures being down 39 percent. Showing incarcerated prisons there is hope on the outside and will only build...
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...Introduction The prison system in America has been a constant issue of mass-incarceration, a lack of rehabilitation, and a rate of reentry that far exceeds that of any other nation, yet this problem’s escalation has done little to bring it to the platform of reformation. The prison system has cost American taxpayers billions of dollars, and a majority of these citizens are completely unaware of the needlessness of the costs with which they are burdened. With 2.2 million people incarcerated in the U.S., Americans cannot afford to continue to turn a blind eye to the economic issues presented by the current prison system (Council of Economic Advisors 3). Due to prison growth, an increasing incarceration rate, and a lack of rehabilitation and...
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...The United States of America has the highest incarceration rate in the world. America holds 5% of the world’s population, yet it houses 25% of the world’s prisoners (Walmsley 2013). The approximate amount of spending on our nations prisoners is 74 billion dollars, annually (Silver 2014). With the cost of rising incarceration in the U.S. and climbing recidivism rates, it is more apparent than ever that the American Prison Industrial Complex (“PIC”) is in great need of reform (Wagner 2014). The PIC enforces a recidivism cycle in which more than 50% of prisoners return to prison less than 3 years after release, thus being referred to by the PEW Research Center as “The Revolving Door of America’s Prisons” (2011). Not only is this cycle inflicting...
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...considered one of the most powerful and influential countries in the world boasts the highest “rehabilitation” rate in the world. The staggering part remains that not only do we have the highest prison population but our incarceration rate continues to grow as our creativity or desire to solve this problem continues to stagnate. One of the major issues when researching incarceration rates is the obvious elevated rate of young African-American males that are sentenced. While the percentage of African-American incarcerated males is extremely high the length of their sentences are shockingly elevated compared to the majority of population in the United States. “One in every nine African-American males aged 25-29 were in prison or jail in 2009, compared to one in twenty-seven Latino males and one in sixty white males in the same age group, according to the Sentencing Project”. ("State of Young America," 2009, para. 11) The question currently being dealt with in the United States is how do we accommodate all of these prisoners? Our countries answer has been quite simple, to build more prisons or as some would sugarcoat it, “rehabilitation facilities”. The correct question we should be asking is, why we have so many African-American prisoners, and why do they keep returning to prisons soon after release. These are supposed to be considered rehabilitation facilities? Exactly what is the goal for preparing these prisoners upon release? In looking for trends one would look no...
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...THE BUDGET COST AND EFFECTS OF PRISONS IN THE UNITED STATES Christina Adonia Turner June 15, 2013 Introduction to Public Administration TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Table Of Contents…………………………………………………………2 2. Executive Summary………………………………………………………..3 3. Scope and Statement of the Problem………………………………………4 4. Literature Review………………………………………………………….5 5. Methodology………………………………………………………………7 6. Analytical Results………………………………………………………....8 7. Discussion………………………………………………………………...10 8. Bibliography………………………………………………………………16 9. Appendix………………………………………………………………....17 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In summary, the cost of housing an incarcerated inmate does affect the budget of the United States. Whether, the inmate is sentenced to life imprisonment or the death penalty. The facts in this research paper leans heavily in favor of life imprisonment as a cheaper form of punishment verses an inmate being sentenced to death row. The judicial system and politicians have formed several alternatives to assist our country with the ability to lower the cost of housing an inmate in our prison system. For example, the United States detaining systems are concentrating more on issuing a fair sentence to nonviolent offenders, such as, substance abusers and prostitutes. They realize that the majority of the inmates are in need of drug rehabilitation and have a mental illness. Also, the research shows that women offenders are the most affected with drug addiction...
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...United States Prison System: The War on Drugs The United States of America is no longer the home of the free. It is the home of the locked up and caged. How can this nation embrace the concept of freedom when over 2.4 million of its citizens are locked up in prison? How can Americans have the nerve to utter the words, “racial equality” when over 10% of all African-American men is incarcerated? How can we take pride in a nation that locks up its citizens that suffer from the disease of addiction? This should be an embarrassment to all Americans. The criminal justice system must be reformed and surrender the “War on Drugs.” According to the June 2008 Bureau of Justice Summary, Americans make up only four and a half percent of the world’s population yet boasts twenty-two percent of the world’s incarcerated population. According to the same report, the American Criminal Justice System imprisons six times more of its population than other free nations such as Canada, Australia, Germany, Spain, and Italy. America incarcerates ten times more of its population than Japan, France, and Finland. We have the highest rate of incarceration in the world, much higher than China, Russia, Iran, Cuba, and North Korea whom we consider fascias police states. The 2009 statistics reported in the Prison Index showed that one third of African-American men will serve time in prison at some point in their life. The Bureau of Justice statistics reported, “The number of inmates in...
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...to prison. Women commit crime and are incarcerated under different circumstances and reasons than men. Their criminal behavior can be attributed to drug abuse, sexual abuse, physical abuse and poverty. Women who are admitted into prison facilities are disadvantaged from the very beginning; prisons are calculated and planned for our male counterparts because in history men have made up the proportion of our high prison populace. It is hard to meet the needs of women prisoners when the facilities are not custom-made for them. Prisons for women should be geared with programming to help these women deal with obstacles they are facing in their daily lives. But because there are fewer women in prison, the health services that are given to them are typically nominal as compared to males. One of the biggest problems for women in prison is that they are disproportionately affected by human immunodeficiency virus commonly known as HIV. There is a tangible need to address the problem with HIV positive incarcerated women. (Reyes, 2001) Female prisoners make up about five percent of our overall prison population but as time has passed their numbers have increased at a rapid pace. In countries where substance abuse is high and drug laws have become harsher, we can see a correlation between women and imprisonment. About one in a half million will be incarcerated each year worldwide. Our prison system is already overburdened; we are admitting women to overcrowded and understaffed prisons where...
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...Alexander, author of "The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness," reports there are more African American men in prison and jail, or on probation and parole, than were slaves before the start of the Civil War. Statistics reported in 2006, by the U.S .Department of Justice, Bureau of Statistics support this claim, which show that Blacks made up 41 percent of the nation’s 2 million prison and jail inmates, while Non-Hispanic whites made up 37 percent and Hispanics made up 19 percent. The disproportionate ratio of blacks to whites who are incarcerated is especially great in Iowa, Vermont, New Jersey, Connecticut, Wisconsin, North Dakota, and South Dakota – greater than 10-to-1 (USJB, 2006). Why this structural inequality towards African Americans is happening, why it matters, and suggestions to rectify this, are issues that are discussed in this paper. Why is this happening? Since 1970, the U.S. has experienced a large and rapid increase in the rate at which people, regardless of race, are housed in federal and state correctional facilities (Snyder, 2011). This rapid growth in the prison population has been attributed in a large part to the rate at which individuals are incarcerated for drug offenses, especially minorities (Snyder, 2011). Between1995 and 2003, the number of people in state and federal prisons incarcerated for drug offenses increased by 21 percent, from 280,182 to 337,872.3 (McVay, D., Schiraldi, V., & Ziedenberg, J, 2007). From1996 to 2002...
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