...Culture and Frameworks Years ago, dealing with another country for a product might have been unusual. In today’s world, businesses are becoming more global in enterprise so in order to be successful it’s important to understand how to “talk” to a business or employee from another country. There are different social and psychological frameworks that can be used to help an organization understand different cultures and to better communicate. Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck developed a sociological framework which is made up of six dimensions: time orientation, space orientation, activity orientation, relationships among people, relations to nature, and basic human nature (Ahlstrom & Bruton, 2010, pp. 44-45). Different cultures will have different emphasis in the six dimensions. For example, the time orientation for people from South America may be vastly different than for people from North America. North Americans are more rigid and South Americans are more flexible when it comes to timing. So if you are given a time for something in North America, you’d better be on time if you don’t want to be rude. In South America, being late is the in thing to be. China and Japan are also very time conscious and the Chinese Business Etiquette Instructional Video shows how the two Americans show up early for their meeting with the Chinese section chief thus exhibiting a positive time orientation example (Liu, 2007). When looking at the Outsourced movie, Mr. Todd appears to be totally...
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...No two cultures are the same. The American and Indian cultures have very vast differentiation between them..While the culture of America is a mixture of different cultures, the Indian culture is unique and has its own values. One of the major differences that can be seen between American and Indian culture is in family relations. While the Indians are very much family oriented, the Americans are individual oriented. In Indian culture, the family values are given more prominence than the individual values. Indians respect family values. On the other hand, in American culture the individual values gets prominence than the family values. Indians are more committed to their family where as the Americans are more committed to themselves only. In another sense, it can be said that the American culture is more goal oriented and the Indian culture is more people or family oriented. Indians may even forsake their individual wishes and also happiness for the sake of families. But in American culture, this trend cannot be seen. Unlike the Indians, the Americans plan things ahead. The Americans believe in dominating nature and controlling the enviorment around them. On the contrary, Indians believe in the harmony with nature. Another difference that can be seen between Indian culture and American culture is that the Indians love stability where as the Americans love mobility. In American culture, one can see that the individuals think of self-reliance and independent. On the...
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... 2015). Nandy as the director of Sales and Marketing in Europe started the European operation in London as the headerquarter for Western Eurpoe and he was an Indian with the Indian and American working experiences (Wipro Technologies Europe A, 2015). As a global company, Wipro’s European sales, marketing and project management staff were exclusively Indian expatriates with a short time in Europe (Wipro Technologies Europe A, 2015). These staffs couldn’t build good relationships with the local communities compared with its competitors (Wipro Technologies Europe A, 2015). So Nandy took some measures to deal with these issues such as the Unreasonable staff structure and inadequate relation network. 2. The Analysis of some measures adopt by Nandy from three perspective of three culture framework This part will analyze the measures applied by Nandy from three perspectives of Hofstede cultural dimensions and Hall cultural dimensions in order to evaluate whether these measures are effective. 3.1 Hofstede Cultural Dimensions Hofstede cultural dimensions mainly consist of five aspects containing Power distance, Uncertainty avoidance, Femininity vs. masculinity, Individualism vs. collectivism and Confucianism vs. long-term orientation (Dowling, Festing & Engle, 2013). First, in the power distance Indian is a country with higher power distance compared with the America and Western countries (Hamza, Reza, Gholam & Meghdad, 2011). In this part Nandy hired the...
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...Alienation is felt as much by the parents as the next generation because the sense of separation is larger in proportion to the sense of affinity with their cultural roots. Ashoke and Ashima find themselves unable to adapt entirely to their adoptive country and its culture; however, their predicament is not as tragic as that of their children. They are half-lost because there is at least one place where they wholly and absolutely belong as opposed to their children, Gogol more so than Sonia, who do not belong anywhere and this makes them nowhere persons. The second-generation migrants grow up in an atmosphere of guilt, only to find themselves not belonging anywhere. Gogol, in particular, is torn between two cultures, the Indian traditions of his parents and the mainstream American culture in which he grows up. His struggle is the same one that his sister Sonia goes through, and his wife Moushumi, however, this identity crisis seems to affect him deeper than his relatives. The novel revolves around the symbol of a name, which is the most integral part of a human identity; Gogol’s name is one of the chief causes that make him feel alienated. The difference between the naming process in Indian and American cultures pushes Ashoke and Ashima into chaos, and ultimately Ashoke names his son after a Russian author he reveres; for him, Gogol signifies new beginning and survival, it fills him with joy. However, Gogol’s name causes him distress and isolation. Gogol, the name, has itself...
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...Civil Rights The struggle for equality has been a battle fought for hundreds of years amongst Native Americans, African Americans, and Mexican Americans. When we hear the words civil rights often we conjure images of Martin Luther King Jr. delivering his soul-stirring “I Have a Dream” speech before the nation’s capital. The truth is, minorities have been fighting for their civil rights way before the 1950’s in fact it dates way back to the early 1880’s when Native Americans lost their lands, family, culture but most importantly their rights as human beings. America deprived Native Americans of their rights and ways of living by recruiting the young children to try and stop them from growing up to become “savages,” as the USA described them and instead civilize them and turn them into men of class. The USA though they were doing the Native Americans a favor by civilizing them when instead all they were doing was destroying the most valuable thing a man has in this world which is his family. If being taken away from your family wasn’t bad enough students at federal boarding schools were forbidden to express their culture, everything from wearing long hair to speaking even a single Indian word. They lost not only their language, but also their American Indian name. In my opinion I don’t see how the USA was doing Native Americans a favor by the intent to completely transform people, inside and out, language, religion, family structure, economics, the way you make a living...
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...other Indians in Guatemala to convey the oppression and struggle suffered during the Guatemalan genocide. Rigoberta supports this claim by creating a binary depiction of good vs evil and relating that to the native Indians vs the ladinos. This dichotomization results from Rigoberta’s mistreatment by the ladinos she’s encountered and worked for. Rigoberta’s main influence while creating this polarity is her family. Rigoberta’s father and mother were designated as leaders of their community and the movement. The gruesome deaths her mother, father, and brother endure are the final straw for Rigoberta as she states, “This reinforced my decision to fight.” Using these events, Rigoberta Menchú draws her...
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...and relationships can help to overcome these three related agency problems iv. Independent board of directors v. Independent board chair vi. Independent board subcommittees such as audit, remuneration and nomination 4. Stakeholder theory g) Reject the only important relationship is shareholders and managers, but consider from a much broader perspectiveshareholder is only one part of the group h) Stakeholders include employees, creditors, suppliers and so on, and they all have impact on the corporation to some extent. i) Company can only achieve its goal with a full and detailed understanding of the relationships it holders with different group of stakeholders. 5. Agency theory vs....
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...American Indian and Alaska Native Populations: How They Fair vs. the National Average Kari L. Singer Grand Canyon University: NRS- March 1, 2015 American Indian and Alaska Native Populations: How They Fair vs. the National Average There are many different ethnicities and cultures in the United States. This paper will be comparing American Indians and Alaska Natives health to that of the national average. We will be looking at the current health status of this ethnic group compared to the national average, their definition of Health Promotion, three health disparities affecting this ethnic group, and finally we will see an example of a program that promotes health prevention. Current Health Status of American Indians and Alaska Natives The American Indian and Alaska Native populations make up about 2% of the total U.S. population, numbering roughly 5.2 million, according to the 2013 census. American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN), differ from the national average in culture, socioeconomic status, and education. The percentage of AI/AN’s who lacked health insurance in 2013 was 26.9% compared to the 16.6% of the national average (CDC, 2015). They have limited access to employer-sponsored health coverage due to working in low wage jobs and jobs that don’t offer insurance (Artiga, et. al., 2013). AI/AN have the highest poverty rate of all ethnic groups at 0.9% to 1.5% of the total population. This group is more likely to report being in fair or poor health. When comparing...
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...been devoted to cross-cultural perceptions in the India-U.S. business context. We developed an approach based on Levinson’s (1950) ethnocentrist model to explore the underlying values of the two cultures, specifically in relation to perceptions of work. Preliminary results indicate a potential misalignment of motivating values. This study may have further implications for the selection of strategic business partners and other important crosscultural transactions. Keywords: India, Ethnocentrist, Levinson Introduction The genesis for this study was a question posed by an Indian graduate student on her first visit to the U.S. who simply wanted to know what Americans thought of Indians and her home country. India’s economic liberalization in 1991 opened the gateway for new multilateral business opportunities, and in a broader sense, the world gained access to a vast wealth of untapped resources in India, including a highly educated workforce to satisfy the global desire for outsourced services. Although the U.S. has quickly become India’s largest trading partner, surprisingly little research has been devoted to cross-cultural perceptions in this business context. In response to our student’s question, anecdotal evidence suggested that the stereotypical view was quite favorable in that Indians in America were assumed to have strong abilities in math and science that resulted in professional positions with above average...
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...TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Executive Summary 1 2. Introduction 2 3. Cultural aspect to Communication 3 3.1. Cultural Contexts 3 3.2. Assessing Cultures through Hofstede’s Framework 4 4. Codes of Communication 6 4.1. Verbal Communication 6 4.1.1. Welcome topics of conversation 7 4.1.2. Topics to avoid 8 4.2. Non-Verbal Communication 9 5. Gift Giving 10 6. Causes of Cross-Cultural Communication Conflicts 12 7. Conclusion 13 8. Recommendations 14 9. References 15 Executive Summary Today’s world has gone global. This globalization has led to the collaboration among manufacturers of products, suppliers of materials and service providers situated across the globe. The markets are no more restricted to a specific region or a country. The boundaries and distances between the markets have vanished. Saturation in developed markets has led to exploration and exploitation of emerging markets. The expansion of geographic footprint is not happening only to meet business needs, but this is happening also to promote social causes (Education, Health Awareness) and to mitigate global risks (Global Warming). Therefore, for the purpose of effective functioning, there is a strong need to learn about Cross-Cultural Communication. It is true that any usage of an inappropriate word, an impression or a gesture can lead to serious business or social implications. These cross-cultural communication...
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...James Sinkfield Prof. Leeman RSCH 1203 10 April 2015 Galileo Research Regan, Pamela C., Saloni Lakhanpal, and Carlos Anguiano. "Relationship Outcomes In Indian-American Love-Based And Arranged Marriages." Psychological Reports 110.3 (2012): 915-924. Business Source Complete. Web. 10 Apr. 2015. This article explores the difference between love based marriages vs arranged marriages. A study is done to examine and compare both marriage bases to see which has the better outcome. A total of 58 Indian-American couples participants living in the U.S. (28 arranged marriages, 30 love-based marriages) completed measures of marital satisfaction, commitment, companionate love, and passionate love. The reports showed that the men of the couples had greater amounts of commitment, passionate love, and companionate love than women. The ending results of the study showed that with the couples that participated there is no difference in the outcome of marriage for love based and arranged. Epstein, Robert, Mayuri Pandit, and Mansi Thakar. "How Love Emerges In Arranged Marriages: Two Cross-Cultural Studies." Journal Of Comparative Family Studies 44.3 (2013): 341-360. Academic Search Complete. Web. 10 Apr. 2015. This article explores how couples involved in arranged marriages can develop love for their significance other over time. There were two studies conducted with participants from over 12 countries and from 6 different religions. From the studies it concluded that self-love of the...
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...Christian vs. non-Christian Religious space/time Enlightenment (18th c.)- Civilized vs. Savage (secular time, progress) 19th Century- Multiple Races (secular space, autochthany) 20th Century- Multiple Cultures (secular space, autochthany) Becomes a time when the word race becomes replaced with the word culture. The Declaration of Independence has a double racial problem Thomas Jeffersons passage was taken out, which was condemning the king for making America have slaves. This was taken out because for it's absurd to try and say the king made America have slaves. Also taken out because it was understood how well slavery was thought upon at the time, and how there would've been backlash with the including of this passage. Enslaved Population in 1860 Southern States- 2,310,000 (47% of population) Crucial Court Cases Johnson v. McIntosh (1823) Determine that Indian tribes cannot sell their land without consent from US. government Cherrokee Nation v. Georgia (1831) Determined that Indian tribes were merely "domestic dependent nations" of the US. Worcester v. Georgia (1832) Three principles undergird these court decisions: Indian tribes possessed certain aspects of pre-existing sovereignty Controlled by federal government, not states. Tribes limited sovereignty entails a corresponding dependency on the U.S., which has a "true responsibility" toward Native American tribal units This last case stated that while Native Americans should...
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...Hollywood VS Bollywood Bombay is the largest city in world. Also its economic in power support Indian film industry become one of the largest movie market in world. With the support of the Indian Government and the movie industry. The Indian movie become popular all over the world and be accepted by people from different parts of the world. The unique Indian culture is also the reason making the bollywood movie dynamic. In another hand. Hollywood film has been an important part of our life by and by.and almost every people watched many Hollywood film. Like the Hollywood coverage of the American culture，the culture over the Hollywood culture exhibiton highlighted the gap between scholarly trends and popular understanding of history. The advantage of Bollywood film is that its story including the emotional elements which makes audience get touched easily. Besides，The Indian traditional dance and music in the film also consists the typical bollywood film. For example . An famous Indian movie “DDLJ” ，girl meets guys and girl begin to sing and dance inexplicably，hundred of people singing together ，the location from village in India transfer to the Alps in Switzerland Suddently. These are typical plots in Indian movie but its music and dance have attracted many audience. Give a example，“Bombay Dreams” telling a traditional love story. Even though its story is old fashioned but as a musical film，Its music have combined traditional Indian music and a lot of pieces of western...
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...History 347 1/27/15 Native American Hunter/Gatherer/Fisher Peoples * Upon migration from Eurasia, all American indians were hgf. Most ag peoples supplemented diets with hgf * This substinence strategy structured many aspects of Indians lives and societies * Its effectiveness and long term viability were shaped by techno, demographics, and sociopolitical relationships Where did NA hunt gather and fish? * Everywhere * Heavy reliant * Pacific coast * Great lakes * Great plains How did hgf peoples obtain food? Some consequences * Mobility * Seasonality of food * Annual migration cycles * Wild plants and animals * Lack of domestication=reduced disease resistance * Acquired immunity * Genetic immunity How did this subsistence strategy structure society? * Clan size=small * Flat social structure=not hierarchical * Kinship unites bands * Loose affiliations * Gendered division of labor * Usufruct property rights=right to use, not to own How did Pawnee Indians rely on hgf lifeways? Where did Plains people come from? * Clovis peoples arrive on Plains 9,000 BC * Plains people/culture emerge from these early arrivals * Simultaneously other culture groups emerge across the Americas * Each defined by culture, language, geographic boundaries, etc How did the Plains peoples mode of production develop? * 9000 BC = Climate Warms * Bison hunting flourishes on...
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...point.” (Galanti, 2015, Chapter 1). These ideas are researchable. Identifying shared beliefs and lifestyles among groups can be beneficial in helping healthcare providers anticipate certain behavioral patterns. Alternately, a stereotype is an automatic assumption. An individual who defaults to stereotyping makes no effort to learn about an individual’s cultural background. “Given the tremendous variation within each culture, stereotypes are often incorrect and can have negative results.” (Galanti, 2015, Chapter 1). Our cultural exposure can be quite diverse. This diversity helps to influence and mold us individually. Stereotyping has no substantial merit. The individual who opts to avoid an individual because of an assumed trait ultimately misses the chance of growing as a human being. An object lesson of a cultural generalization is that all Indians abstain from eating beef, particularly from the cow. Indian culture view cows as sacred creatures and many individuals from that group do not eat beef for that understanding. A former coworker, who is of Indian heritage, would occasionally eat cheeseburgers, but exclusively at work. She would buy and consume...
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