...IMPACT OF MINIMUM SUPPORT PRICES ON AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY: A STUDY IN KARNATAKA R S Deshpande T Raveendra Naika Agricultural Development and Rural Transformation Unit Institute for Social and Economic Change Nagarbhavi, Bangalore-560 072 December 2002 18 CONTENTS CHAPTER NO. TITLE PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES LIST OF FIGURES/GRAPHS CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 CHAPTER II Introduction Making of the Agricultural Policy Need for Revisiting MSP Objectives Methodology Profile of the Selected Regions Plan of the Study Limitations EFFECTIVENESS OF PRICE POLICY AT THE STATE LEVEL 2.1 Introduction Price Policy at the State Level 2.2 2.3 Analysis of Agricultural Price Trends 2.4 MSP as an Incentive Price 2.5 Impact on Input Use Regional Variation in Prices 2.6 Factors Dictating Failure or Success of MSP 2.7 2.8 Towards a Sustainable Policy Annexure 2.1 & 2.1.1 CHAPTER III ADMINISTRATION OF MSP SCHEME AT THE STATE LEVEL 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Introduction Agricultural Growth and MSP Relevance of MSP for Major Crops of the State Implementation Process of MSP Policy Measures Annexure 3.1 (Govt of Karnataka Order) Annexure 3.2 (Figures) 19 CHAPTER NO. CHAPTER IV TITLE ANALYSIS OF IMPACT OF MSP AT THE STATE LEVEL 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Introduction Land Use and Crop Pattern Impact of MSP on Area Allocation Decisions Impact of MSP on Adoption of Technology Cost of Cultivation Disposal and...
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...universe. Their cosmologies connected them with all animate and inanimate beings. Indians moved in a sentient world, managing its bounty and diversity carefully lest they upset the spirit "bosses," who balanced and endowed that world. They acknowledged the power of Mother Earth and the mutual obligation between hunter and hunted as coequals. Indians celebrated the earth's annual rebirth and offered thanks for her first fruits. They ritually addressed and prepared the animals they killed, the agricultural fields they tended, and the vegetal and mineral materials they processed. They used song and ritual speech to modify their world, while physically transforming that landscape with fire and water, brawn and brain. They did not passively adapt, but responded in diverse ways to adjust environments to meet their cultural as well as material desires. The pace of change in Indian environments increased dramatically with Euroamerican contact. Old World pathogens and epidemic diseases, domesticated plants and livestock, the disappearance of native flora and fauna, and changing resource use patterns altered the physical and cultural landscape of the New World. Nineteenth-century removal and reservation policies reduced the continental scope of Indian lands to mere islands in the stream of American settlement. Reservations themselves were largely unwanted or remote environments of little perceived economic value. Indian peoples lost even that land as the General Allotment Act of 1887 divided reservations...
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...Americans have had an immediate and reciprocal relationship with their natural environments. At contact, they lived in relatively small groups close to the earth. They defined themselves by the land and sacred places, and recognized a unity in their physical and spiritual universe. Their cosmologies connected them with all animate and inanimate beings. Indians moved in a sentient world, managing its bounty and diversity carefully lest they upset the spirit "bosses," who balanced and endowed that world. They acknowledged the power of Mother Earth and the mutual obligation between hunter and hunted as coequals. Indians celebrated the earth's annual rebirth and offered thanks for her first fruits. They ritually addressed and prepared the animals they killed, the agricultural fields they tended, and the vegetal and mineral materials they processed. They used song and ritual speech to modify their world, while physically transforming that landscape with fire and water, brawn and brain. They did not passively adapt, but responded in diverse ways to adjust environments to meet their cultural as well as material desires. The pace of change in Indian environments increased dramatically with Euroamerican contact. Old World pathogens and epidemic diseases, domesticated plants and livestock, the disappearance of native flora and fauna, and changing resource use patterns altered the physical and...
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...von Bremen, 2001).Most scholars of culture would agree on the following characteristics of culture.In this essay I will explain the aspects that throw Coca-cola to difficulties in india. India`s water shortage and contamination Water scarcity has always been a problem for india. India`s water resource accounts for just 4% of the global water,, but it needs to feed 17 percent of the world's population. Moreover, India's total annual water consumption is expected to increase from 634 billion cubic meters currently to 1.18 trillion cubic meters in 50 years later. 40 years later. India can supply drinking water per capita will be less than half of 2001. In recent years. India's confronting growing water demand, but supply is dwindling. With the rapid population growth and economic development, coupled with a large number of agricultural areas of water irrigation, there will be a water supply crisis in India. In India, Coca-Cola and Pepsi have been criticized. In addition to the alleged security problems inherent in the product, the water shortages and pollution problems which caused by products is the real key that made local people incensed. Thus, the cola giants have suffered not only a product quality crisis, but also the responsible corporate image for hundreds of years . Indian Science and Environment centre, said many states in...
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...However, on the other hand, there is a tremendous gap between the rich and the poor. And India has a great problem. It is water problem. “Now, about 700 million people in the world live on the situation of water shortage. Since people can get only insanitary water, 4900 children (about 1,800,000 people per year) pass away every day according to The U.N. water-resources report, a Human Development Report in 2006.” (Network Earth Village, Environment and Pease NGO, 2012)India is also one of the countries with water shortage And India have some water problems: as stated above, water shortage, water pollution and lagging behind in sanitation. First, in India, water shortage is big problem. People are forced some difficulty by water shortage. First, during the dry season, many corner of India lack water. India has three seasons, which are monsoon, dry season and, heat season. Season of monsoon from June through September, it rains heavily. However, during the season from November through March, many corners of India get dry and lack water. Besides, the rainfall for the past ten years decreased about twenty percent, and also the dry season became long because of climate change by the global warming. In addition, people are forced to walk long distances to find water (Harris, 2013). Because the tap water of India does not fit drink. Harries (2013) explains, For example, a woman, whose name is Arphisha, Arphisha...
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...India 1. What aspects of U.S. culture and of Indian culture may have been causes of Coke’s difficulties in India? Something that could have been a problem right from the start is communication. Countries have different ways of communication, and something could be translated completely opposite of what was meant. Communication problems could have been a cause of the problems in India. Also, the different styles of communication could have been an issue because the United States and India do not use the same styles. Another big problem is that something could be accepted in India and be completely wrong in the United States. What some people don’t understand is that every culture has their own way of doing things, and their own “rights and wrongs”. This is where businesses need to decide whether they are going to keep their rules and regulations and bring them into the foreign country (ethnocentric). Or, they need to consider the fact that every culture is different and they need their own practices (polycentric). Whichever way the business decides could bring up problems because if they do us the polycentric approach, then consumers living in the home country are going to see their practices as wrong, when indeed the company is allowing their cultural ways to occur. 2. How might Coca-Cola have responded differently when this situation first occurred, especially in terms of responding to negative perceptions among Indians of Coke and other MNCs? Coca-Cola responded by...
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...presence in the world since 1886. Coca-Cola is the first international soft drink brand to enter the Indian market in the early 1970’s. Till 1977 Coca-Cola was the leading brand in India; later, due to FERA (Foreign Exchange Regulation Act), they left India and didn’t return till 1993. Coca-Cola had to face many issues regarding its quality, resource exploitation and market exploitation along with price-quality trade-offs. People all over India are challenging Coca-Cola for its abuse of water resource. Coca-Cola had affected both quality and quantity of ground water. Due to its waste extracts, Coca-Cola was criticized for polluting the nearby fresh water and ground water and soil; because of this issue, farmers are suffering from water scarcity. Despite all these social and cultural issues, customers are using Coca-Cola due to its strong brand reputation all over the world. This is because Indians are now using more soft drinks and the youngsters are more in this category. However, with many studies and policy changes, Coca-Cola will be able to establish its brand reputation and increase its market share in the near future. This report is prepared from an organizational point of view. The point here is to prepare a report from a consultant point of view, as Coca-Cola has hired us to do a market study and analysis on the cultural factors the company is envisaged to face in the Indian Market. Read further to gain better understanding about the impact of culture on business processes...
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...PRICE- QUALITY TRADE –OFF PLANS 7 6. SUGGESTIONS 8 7. FORECASTS AND PREDICTIONS 9 8. CONCLUSION 9 9. REFERENCES 10 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Coca – cola, the world’s largest selling soft drink company had established its strong presence in the world since 1886. Coca-Cola is the first international soft drink brand to enter the Indian market in the early 1970’s. Till 1977 Coca-Cola was the leading brand in India; later, due to FERA (Foreign Exchange Regulation Act), they left India and didn’t return till 1993. Coca-Cola had to face many issues regarding its quality, resource exploitation and market exploitation along with price-quality trade-offs. People all over India are challenging Coca-Cola for its abuse of water resource. Coca-Cola had affected both quality and quantity of ground water. Due to its waste extracts, Coca-Cola was criticized for polluting the nearby fresh water and ground water and soil; because of this issue, farmers are suffering from water scarcity. Despite all these social and cultural issues, customers are using Coca-Cola due to its strong brand reputation all over the world. This is because Indians are now using more soft drinks and the youngsters are more in this category. However, with many studies and policy changes, Coca-Cola will be able to establish its brand reputation and increase its market...
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...region of Kerala, India. The company was accused of using water that contained pesticides in its bottling plants in Kerala. An environmental group, the Center for Science and Environment (CSE), found 57 bottles of Coke and Pepsi products from 12 Indian states that contained unsafe levels of pesticides. The Kerala minister of health, Karnataka R. Ashok, imposed a ban on the manufacture and sale of Coca-Cola products in the region. Coca-Cola then arranged to have its drinks tested in a British lab, and the report found that the amount of pesticides found in Pepsi and Coca-Cola drinks was harmless to the body. Coca-Cola then ran numerous ads to regain consumers’ confidence in its products and brand. However, these efforts did not satisfy the environmental groups or the minister of health. India’s Changing Marketplace During the 1960s and 1970s, India’s economy faced many challenges, growing only an average of 3–3.5 percent per year. Numerous obstacles hindered foreign companies from investing in India, and many restrictions on eco-nomic activity caused huge difficulties for Indian firms and a lack of interest among foreign investors. For many years the government had problems with implementing reform and overcoming bureaucratic and political divi-sions. Business activity has traditionally been undervalued in India; leisure is typically given more value than work. Stemming from India’s colonial legacy, Indians are highly suspicious of foreign investors. Indeed, there...
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...There were many problems that caused mortality in Jamestown but there were some significant ones that were most detrimental. These problems were Jamestown’s drought, food shortages, and Indian attacks. All of these problems were brought onto the English due to Jamestown’s location. To begin, Jamestown’s deaths were influenced by its calamitous drought. This drought was stated in the document “The Lost Colony and Jamestown Droughts” to have roughly started around 1607 and lasted until about 1613. The English relied greatly on the river and creeks for water as stated in the document “Jamestown Environment by Dennis B. Blanton”. They dug shallow wells to collect water from these creeks or river that were very vulnerable to drought and salt water intrusion. Due to this the English suffered severely when it the drought began. The English had little to no water to drink or use for farming. This led to many deaths from starvation and/or dehydration. That is how Jamestown’s drought influenced its mortalities. Furthermore, Jamestown’s deaths were influenced by its food shortage. Jamestown did not have a surplus of food that the English could eat. This made them rely on fish which would come in great amounts but only during spring and early summer...
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...भारतीय स्वास्थ्य प्रतिनिधिमंडल से नमस्ते, or greetings from the I.H.D.(Indian health delegation). We are writing this in response to the ever-looming water crisis. This crisis is causing lots of problems in waterborne illness death rates rising and is responsible for more than a thousand children a day dying. The most lethal water problem that many of us Indians face is a waterborne illness. We have a word from one of our own here in the delegation,“The Indiffects my family and me. The more financially struggling side of my family does not have water systems (i.e. Showers, baths, sinks, e.t.c.) We don’t even have fridges to store milk. A milk lady carrying hot buckets of milk must come for us to get our needed vitamins. Instead of shower...
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...and greater requirements for companies to recycle are a few examples of relatively recent laws that have been introduced and had a huge effect on an organisations actions. Industrialisation and Urbanisation have resulted in a profound deterioration of India’s air quality with the highest number of air pollution deaths coming from India. Water pollution is also another major concern in India with most of their waters being contaminated with sewage and chemical wastes. Limited water treatment facilities means that people bath in and drink this water which carries extremely high health risks. Industrialisation and Urbanisation have resulted in a profound deterioration of India’s air quality with the highest number of air pollution deaths coming from India. Water pollution is also another major concern in India with most of their waters being contaminated with sewage and chemical wastes. Limited water treatment facilities means that people bath in and drink this water which carries extremely high health risks. India is the biggest democracy country in the world however terrorism and their relationship with neighbours continues to be a problem since India gained independence in 1947. . This compromises political stability and the policies of the government which results in...
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...Section 1 Medicine and treatment Chapter 3: Extension study: Medicine and public health from Roman Britain to c1350 3.1 The Romans and approaches to medicine Exam practice question 1 (page 17) The Romans believed that disease was caused by an imbalance in the Four Humours. They believed that the body was made up of black bile, yellow bile, blood and phlegm, and that too much or not enough of one of these would cause illness. A fever, for example, showed that you had too much blood. This belief was developed by Galen from the work of Hippocrates, an Ancient Greek doctor. The Romans also believed that bad air could cause disease. They thought it was important to build cities and settlements away from swamps and marshes. This would have helped them avoid diseases like malarias which were caused by mosquitoes, but they didn’t understand why. The Romans also believed that dirt and sedentary lifestyles caused disease, because they encouraged the population to bathe regularly and exercise in the bath house. However, they would not have understood why this kept people healthy. Exam practice question 2 (page 18) In some ways the influence of Hippocrates on Roman medicine was extremely important. Hippocrates’s teachings included the theory of the four humours, which taught that the body was made up of four elements and too much of one of these would cause illness. He also taught the importance of clinical observation: watching a patient very carefully and keeping detailed...
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... A. Identification of issues and Problems Step 1—overview of the case study During the 1900s and the beginning of the new millennium India’s government had opened its doors wide open to foreign investors, but the Coca-Cola Corporation and PepsiCo experienced many difficult challenges. Both companies were engulfed with unexpected problems and difficult situations that led to the recognition that India’s market was very different and special knowledge, skills and local expertise was needed to be obtained if the two companies were to succeed. As Ronald McEachern, PepsiCo’s Asia chief, stated, “India is the beverage battlefield for 2003”. Pepsi entered into the Indian beverage market in July 1986 as a joint venture with two local partners, Voltas and Punjab Agro, forming ”Pepsi Foods Ltd.” Coca-Cola followed suit in 1990 with a joint venture with Britannia Industries India before creating a 100% owned company in 1993 and then ultimately aligning with Parle, the leader in the industry. In many ways, Coke and Pepsi managers had to learn the hard way that ‘what works here’ does not always ‘work there’. In India, there are two main high seasons for the consumption of soft drinks. First being the summer session which lasts about seventy-five days in mid-April to June. The second major opportunity for Coca-Cola and PepsiCo in India is the annual Navratri celebrations. Another issue that the Indian market faced was the attack by the United...
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...have their presence throughout the world and when these companies planned to set up their business and launch their products in the Indian market rather than facing competition with each other these three companies have to face lots of governmental regulations and also have to face the political environment because the Coca-cola has initially made its setup but due to stringent laws and losses have to shift back but again after the opening of foreign investment in India these to big players in the market launch themselves. In India when these companies launched the demand of these drinks was very less India was very much conservative for foreign investors. With liberalized policies in FDI in the year 1991 Pepsi launched in 1986 before FDI and Coca-Cola launched in 1993 till than Pepsi grabbed the market made its presence and created a foothold for aerated drinks. To follow the rules of Indian government they customized their names according to Indian market. Coke had sold its 49% stake to Indian company to have a base in India Pepsi didn’t had to practice this rule because it entered India before the change of economic policies. As these problems and issues with the Indian government were not forecasted and directed before entering the Indian market and started functioning here. Only the Pepsi hold it properly because it market its presence in Indian market early so have to follow some less regulations and guidelines....
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