Individual Attitudes and Behavior
Individual Attitudes and Behavior
PERCEPTION Perception – is the process through which people receive, organize, and interpret information from the environment.
PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACTS
Psychological Contract – is the set of individual expectations about the employment relationship.
PERCEPTION AND ATTRIBUTION
Attribution - is the process of explaining events.
Attribution Error – occurs when observers blame another person’s performance failures more on internal factors relating to the individual than on external factors relating to the environment.
Self-serving bias – explains personal success by internal causes and personal failures b y external causes.
Offers Contributions
Offers Inducements
Figure 15.1 Components in the psychological contract.
PERCEPTUAL TENDENCIES AND DISTORTIONS
Stereotype – is when attributes commonly associated with a group are assigned to an individual.
Halo effects – occurs when one attribute is used to develop an overall impression of a person or situation.
Selective Perception – is the tendency to define problems from one’s own point of view.
Projection – is the assignment of personal attributes to other individuals.
Impression Management – is the systematic attempt to influence how others perceive us.
PERSONALITY
Personality – is the profile of characteristics making a person unique from others.
BIG FIVE MODEL
Extraversion – is being outgoing, sociable, and assertive.
Agreeableness – is being good-natured, cooperative, and trusting.
Conscientiousness – is being responsible, dependable, and careful.
Emotional Stability – is being relaxed, secure, and unworried.
Openness to experience – is being curious, receptive to new ideas, and imaginative.
ADDITIONAL PERSONALITY FACTORS
Locus of control – is the extent to which one believes that what happens is within one’s control.
Authoritarianism – is the degree to which a person tends to...
