...Individualist cultures, such as those of the United States and Western Europe, emphasize personal achievement at the expense of group goals, resulting in a strong sense of competition. Collectivist cultures, such as those of China, Russia, and Japan, emphasize family and work group goals above individual needs or desires. Collectivism and individualism deeply pervade cultures. People simply take their culture's stance for granted. Both collectivist and individualistic cultures have their failings. People in individualist cultures are susceptible to loneliness, and people in collectivist cultures can have a strong fear of rejection. Traits of Collectivism * Each person is encouraged to be an active player in society, to do what is best for society as a whole rather than themselves. * The rights of families, communities, and the collective supersede those of the individual. * Rules promote unity, brotherhood, and selflessness. * Working with others and cooperating is the norm; everyone supports each other. as a community, family or nation more than as an individual. Traits of Individualism * "I" identity. * Promotes individual goals, initiative and achievement. * Individual rights are seen as being the most important. Rules attempt to ensure self-importance and individualism. * Independence is valued; there is much less of a drive to help other citizens or communities than in collectivism. * Relying or being dependent on others is frequently seen...
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...Professor Kyle Smith Affirming Common Roots Thomas Merton appears to be making a statement concerning if mankind is only concerned with them on an individual basis then he or she is basically attempting to become self-sufficient. However, upon further reading it seems to make a statement "if" rejects others to do what is best for them then are may be a sin. It is God’s desire for all mankind to treat his or her fellow person as He would treat them with love and respect. Jesus has taught everyone in the Bible it is wrong to do wrong to others and if anyone does wrong to their fellow person then they are also doing wrong unto Him. Thomas Merton speaks about living life individually but, this way of living will quickly dissolve into nothing. And living life without Christ in it would be worthless and everyone should help to steer one another towards Christ. Thomas Merton wants everyone to become more aware of Christ and the sacrifice he has made for mankind. The main idea he is trying to get across to all those who follow Christ or their Higher Power is simply this no matter what your preference is as far as religion is concerned all should learn how to respect one another and get along. Mr. Merton shows some interesting signs there could also be some things alike between many religions. Plainly stated no one individual should disrespect another because of his or her belief, work, culture or anything else for all should have “Christ” as the way to being common ground so to...
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...interpretation of the scripture. Its is the studies of questions and concerns of the scripture. For example, who are the authors of the book? Were mistakes made as books where copied and passed down for years? (60). In addition, it’s how these concepts and views about the scripture and it’s content is view and understood by society, especially those individuals who actively read the word. The significance of this concept to Ricoeur’s thought, is how can such old concepts and teachings still be relevant to individuals in today’s world. He gives an example about a man wanting questions about current world events, in turn, he is suggested to go to the bible and read Genesis. Ricoeur depicts this situation and suggests one must change the approach first. Furthermore, Ricoeur suggest one can still have a connection with the word but it is in an INDIRECT format. The person first needs to go through a process. This is because times and individuals have change. Individual’s mindsets are different and tend to process views in different format. This is evident in today’s world. Topics as in moral values, culture understanding, and worldview keep transcending and evolving. He states the person needs and can accept the traditional text, but first needs to pass through critical questioning raise by modern thought. Lonergan’s teachings are set forth in a systematic approach and one where it is adapted to the current condition. Lonergan identifies two points that should be conducted by...
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... It does not reduce individuals to labels such as depressed. But instead helps a person along the walk to express their depression and therefore lead that person through their depression into happiness. Existential therapy is a philosophical approach more than anything. It places a lot of emphasis on living and what it means to be an individual capable of making choices. It describes life as a constant state of metamorphosis as every individual is trying to make sense of this world while searching for its meaning. Life is never what we desire it to be which may lead to negative outlooks on it but Existential therapy seeks to help others see that they are the only ones in charge of their life through their thoughts and actions. Existential therapy is a positive approach that “applauds human capacities while simultaneously maintaining a genuine perception of the limitations of the human being, human spirit, and human mind” (Mulhauser, 2011) Practitioners that employ Existential therapy seek to teach clients how to change and embrace their lives so that they are now able to view it more as a journey that they are in charge of than anything else. I chose Existential Therapy as my preferred approach to counseling simply because it is not like any other school of therapy. I believe that Existential therapy is quite unique since it places an immense emphasis on what it is to be a human on this confusing journey we call life. Existential therapy allows individuals to reflect on life to...
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...alone since he/she is the owner of the business ,therefore he/she decides onwhat to do with with the income received from the businessfo his/her self satisfaction without sharing with other individuals. 2.Ease of formation,The start up legal requirement ,formalities ,restrictions are few .Aself employed person needs little or no approval by the government and usually less expensive than other business organizations that their legal requirement are lengthy and expensive. 3. Quick decion making,a self employed one is favoured by quick decision making process since he/she is not tied to long prosidures as in other corporate business ,their decision and controll vested upon them for their effective and efficient management of their businesses. 4.Flexibility,a self management business is able to respond quickly to its need to its daily needs since its decisions are governed bythe owners vorios laws and better sense. 5.Effective and efficient management ,A self employed person enjos the opportuinity to decide on what to is to be done ,who to do it,and at wthat time it should be done .they are not tied to any specific time to organise,control their management activities as there is no supervision involved. 6. Freedom from corporate business taxes,Aself employed persons is taxed as an individual taxpayer and not as a Business. DISADVANTAGES OF SELF EMPLOYEMENT 1.Unlimited liability,A self employed person is personally responsible for all business debts and suffers alone when...
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...to live with it, believing that each day will be each step to success. Parents work hard to give the best for their children. The government offers programs and solutions to problems, for the benefit and development of the people. And as an individual, we have responsibility to help ourselves and be beneficial to others. Working students are those individuals who find ways to make things possible for themselves and to others. As we become modern, more and more students find ways to cope with the situation. Poverty, emotional problems, environment aspects and other problems are not enough reason for them to lose hope and stop dreaming. Instead it helps them become more determine in pursuing their dreams and reaching their goals. Determination and courage give them strength to overcome whatever comes their way and make it through. Working while studying helps them pay their tuition fees, buy their necessities and or if possible help their parents and siblings. And because of doing part-time jobs and or the others full-time jobs, they can afford going to college or university. It helps them gain experience needed in having self-discipline, becoming committed and responsible individual. This helps them grow more as individuals, strong and independent enough to pursue their own potentials and reach their limit. This study enables us to focus on things that are more important in life and give us more insight on the real and actual life the working students...
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...As a nurse one runs into some very saddening/ maddening situations, some that cause not only the individual nurse, but the entire nursing staff to be thrown into conflict with their beliefs of non-maleficense and a patient’s right to autonomy. I always strive to never cause any harm to a patient and treat them kindly despite behaviors that could lead one to not want to act or treat someone is such a manner. Additionally I believe an individual should also have the right and be supported in making decisions about their healthcare, but when the decision is in effect, taken away from them, who has that right? When the nurse and stand staff struggle with the decision that is being made, it complicates the picture, leads to a lot of frustration and nurses feel helpless Several years ago there was an incident of a pt that received a kidney transplant, but during the immediate post operative course the patient, suffered a respiratory arrest, was anoxic for a period of time leaving the pt with anoxic brain damage. This was an individual who, prior to surgery, was a fully functional person. After time in the ICU the patient was able to be on the nursing floor; trached, unable to swallow, g-tube, very limited ability to walk, or transfer to a chair w maximal assistance of typically 2 staff members. The individual also tended, what seemed to be intentional, to try and injure nursing staff, by pinching, kicking and biting.. I was often assigned to this pt, and on several occasions...
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...INTRODUCTION For an individual to better understand a particular society there is the need to first of all understand the term sense of belonging. The concept of sense of belonging may be define as the perception of similarity to others, an acknowledged interdependence with others, a willingness to maintain this interdependence by giving to or doing for others what one expects from them, and the feeling that one is part of a larger dependable and stable structure Belonging is closely linked to the concepts of identity, social groups, and communities. Because diverse experiences, backgrounds, cultures, heritages, and histories lead to unique individual experiences of belonging (or not belonging) in society, one person’s sense of belonging to a place or a people cannot readily be defined by others. Belonging to groups is the starting point of learning about roles and responsibilities and reflects choosing to identify with other members of society. Identity refers to who people feel that they are as individuals (“who I am”) and as members of groups (“who we are”). It also includes their identities in the eyes of others (for example, as they are commonly represented in the media McMillan & Chavis (1986) define sense of community as "a feeling that members have of belonging, a feeling that members matter to one another and to the group, and a shared faith that members' needs will be met through their commitment to be together. The following are how sense of belonging helps...
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...Kait Kurtz Management 251 Effective Followers There are many types of followers just as there are many types of leaders. A person’s behavior and personality can help to determine which category they most appropriately fall into. What we are going to focus on is followers and in particular is effective followers. How does an effective follower work and what does is it that drives them? There are five main characteristics that we are going to focus on for an effective follower and they are: dedication, independent thinker, active in the organization, self-management, and willing to take risks. Dedication is defined as the quality of being dedicated to a task or purpose, but it can also be interchanged with loyalty. An effective follower is someone who a colleague or manager can count on because they know that they will give it one hundred percent when it comes to completing a task. They tend to really believe in what they are doing and that is where the sense of dedication comes from. For example a dedicated employee would be willing to put in the long hours and extra time that it would take to complete a project. Their boss trusts that the work will not be sloppy or incomplete because their loyalty is outstanding. Dedication is very important to being an effective follower. A second important quality is being an independent thinker. In reference to the project example mentioned above an effective follower would be the person who would think outside the box for a solution...
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...has two dimensions, each a measure of sociability. Group The group dimension describes how strongly people are bonded together. At one end there are distinct and separated individuals, perhaps with common reason to be together though with less of a sense of unity and connection. At the other end, people have a connected sense of identity, relating more deeply and personally to one another. They spend more time together and have stable relationships. When people group together, then laws are more easily defined and policed. For society to survive when bonds are weaker and central control is less possible, individuals must necessarily display self-restraint. In management, low group does not manage resources, whilst high group does. Grid The grid dimension describes how different people are in the group and how they take on different roles. At one end of this spectrum people are relatively homogeneous in their abilities, work and activity and can easily interchange roles. This makes them less dependent on one another. At the other end, there are distinct roles and positions within the group with specialization and different accountability. There are also different degrees of entitlement, depending on position and there may well be a different balance of exchange between and across individuals. This makes it advantageous to share and organize together. In management, low group does not manage needs, whilst high grid does. The model The model is a two-by-two table...
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...reactions. Values are also considered psychological objects that we cannot see or touch, but are considered physical objects (Posner, 2010). Types of values include ethical or moral values, personal values, or core values (Fiset, 2007). “Values, personal values, and core values all refer to the same thing” (Best of Time Management, 2008). Values are used by individuals and organizations. “Using values help individuals and organizations energize everything concerned with them. In this paper, I am going reflect how my values align (or do not align) with the values of Kudler Fine Foods and how they affect my performance. Where Values Comes From Individuals inherit values. They learn from their parents, teachers, and other influential individuals in their life. Values can reflect the values of the place where an individual live. Values may change some, but they last a lifetime (Best of Time Management, 2008). Everyone have values that determine their decisions and guide their lives. Individuals may dedicate or give up their entire life to pursue their values (Posner, 2010). My Values Implementing values as an individual can always attract success, achievement, and well being for that person. I have a lot of values I implement, but I am only going to discuss a few values that I use. Some of my values consist of the following: individuality, self reliant, truthfulness, family or friends, and goodness. Valuing my individuality helps me take responsibility; valuing my self-reliant...
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...Close Reading of the Scholarly Text The Value of the Individual Throughout the world there is a constant debate over the value and importance of an individual versus the perceived public’s greater good. In his article Yi-Fu Tuan, expresses his take on the differences between what is a community, what is a society, and what is the individual. Tuan attempts to highlight some of the less appealing qualities of a community while at the same time showing the benefits of a society and praises being an individual in today’s day and age. The strongest evidence of this point comes when he says, “Society values a human individual as it values an animal species, for its unique, nonreplicable way of being… notion that individualism is selfishness is thus wide of the mark…” (Tuan, 317) Throughout the article, Tuan states that in a community, it is more important to feel a sense of belonging than a sense of who you truly are and what you have achieved. In addition, he describes his personal loves and how he couldn’t imagine someone else having the exact same set of interests, which in his mind means that there isn’t anyone else that could have affected the world and society the same way that he has. In the middle of the article, Tuan has a passage titled “Specialized Language and Community” (Tuan, 315) in which he gives a perfect example of how actually defining the difference between community and society is not as easy as it seems. Tuan tells the story of two mathematicians who...
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...HRM Issues Based on Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions in Ghana Alison C Holt Saint Leo University Abstract This paper will contain information concerning the challenges human resource management faces when the organization decides to go global. Human resource management faces many global issues; however, this paper will look at Hofstede’s cultural dimension theory in the comparison of Ghana and the United States. We will look at three of Hofstede’s five dimensions and see how Ghana is rated to each of the theories. The first dimension, Individualism verses collectivism, focuses on cultures in terms relationships of individuals, families and extended families (Ivancevich & Konopaske, 2013). The second dimension, Power distance, focuses on power relationships within a culture. The last dimension, Masculinity verses femininity, focuses on gender roles within culture (Ivancevich & Konopaske, 2013). In the 21st Century, many organizations have reached out into the global market due to changes in technology, economics and social responsibility. Therefore, interactions between businesses in different countries have become routine. When a company expands globally, new challenges arise due to different laws, customs and characteristics (Ivancevich & Konopaske, 2013). International laws and customs pose numerous challenges for human resource professionals, for example, HRM must supply an adequate amount of top managers with global experience, which is necessary...
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...Defeating the Demons Inside: A Study on Individuals Who Have Survived the Long-Term Effects of Bullying A Research Proposal Presented to Dr. Nymia P. Simbulan Department of Behavioral Sciences College of Arts and Sciences University of the Philippines Manila In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Course BS 199.1 (Qualitative Methods in Behavioral Research) Christiani Lumayag Matugas 2011-31444 April 1, 2013 I. Introduction Statement of the Problem and Review of Related Literature The school is a battle field and each child is a lone soldier trying to make his/her way through. Each child will have to defeat a series of exams, scary teachers, lab experiments, physical education classes, crushes, mortal enemies and the like. Most of the time, children will learn from these experiences and mature with the lessons that each of these experiences have taught them. However, there are certain battles that wound all too deeply and do not seem to end. These battles are the battles of bullying. What is Bullying? Bullying is a social and interpersonal problem that involves the repeated, intentional use of aggression against a less powerful other (Whitney & Smith, 1993). Bullying can take different forms, be it direct (e.g., physical aggression), indirect (e.g., exclusion, spreading rumors), or verbal (e.g., name-calling). (Hunter, Mora-Merchan and Ortega, 2004) Children who are victims of bullying are more likely than non-victims...
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...children, and elders. These programs and organization can have many common denominators, focus and trends, as well as other agencies that help contribute to the success, of not only the company, but the individuals that need help. Across all organizations and programs there are many common denominators that go intact with serving the society. Advocators within the field share the same ethical standards and the ability to work with different cultures and individuals (Gail, 2014). They also accommodate anyone no matter if they are male or female, including and not limited to sexual preference, age, nationality, beliefs or anything that is important to a client. The professionals must also empower the clients and create and implement treatment plans to help the clients reach competency and self-sufficiency (Gail, 2014). Workers also have responsibility to the clients, the community and society as a whole. All human services worker have no personal motive to help the client and cannot have any relationship with the client unless it is professional. Human services also have certain trends to approach clients. In the human services fields the trends are to enhance the quality of life overall. That is why there are different approaches that may or may not work for certain individuals. Not only is helping individual’s important, but human service has adapted to technology for business purposes. They record keep and can exchange information to refer client and so on. Trends may also...
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