...China’s Peaceful Rise to Dominance The current state of the globe has seen many changes in the past few decades. The global political structures have shifted and turned to provide a new landscape where substantial evolution has and will continue to occur. The purpose of this essay is to argue and prove that China will rise to power in a peaceful manner throughout the 21st century. This paper will first explain the current situation, which has left China in position to become a global leader as the new century unfolds. The essay will also examine military, economic and social issues that may positively contribute to this change and lead this Asian country to a new significant posture within the geo-political realm of international relations. The Rise of China towards the 21st Century Technology and communication improvements have changed the world for good. With new developments in these areas, the world has become much smaller and navigable in many ways when discussing China and their current rise to global prominence in recent times. The end of the Cold War which saw a bipolar world develop into a unipolar world has created opportunity for other powerful nations to step in and play a key role in global events that are unfolding. China’s massive population and natural resources have continued to organize and be directed towards more powerful means. Chinese leaders have seen this coming for years as the country began opening up to global interests in the 1970’s. As America’s...
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...Indo-U.S. Relations in the Post Cold - War Period (1992-2006) By Debasish Nandi Supervisor : Dr. Abhijit Ghosh October, 2012 Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment to the Ph.D (Arts) Degree in Political Science Department of Political Science, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, Pin - 713104, West Bengal, India. Content Page No. 1. Preface 2. Acknowledgement I-II III 3. Abbreviations IV-VI 4. Chapter - 1 : Introduction 1-10 5.Chapter - 2 : Indo-U.S. Relations in the Cold War Period 11-41 6.Chapter - 3 : Indo-US Diplomatic Ties in the Post- Cold War Period 42-79 7.Chapter - 4 : Indo-U.S. Economic, Technological and Scientific Co-operation 80-131 8.Chapter - 5 : 9/11 Incident: US Attitude towards Terrorism Vis-à-vis India and Pakistan 132-169 9.Chapter - 6 : India’s Nuclear Links with the USA 170-204 10. Chapter - 7 : Conclusion 205-214 11. Select Bibliography 215-237 Preface Indo-U.S. relations constitute important and influential relations in this world politics. It influences not only the U.S.-Pakistani and the Sino-Indian relations to a great extent; ‘Indo-U.S. relations in the post-Cold War period (1992-2006)’ has been the title of the present dissertation. Beginning against the back ground of the U.S.-Pakistani Arms Assistance Agreement of 1954, the Indo-U.S. relations had witnessed many ups and down in the following years. For example, there had been flourishes...
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...India’s foreign policy. He adopted this policy for various reasons, which may be divided into material and immaterial or spiritual reasons. The geographical and economic condition of India just after independence served as the material reasons for his favoring the policy of non-alignment. India’s next door neighbour on one side is People’s Republic of China and on the other is Pakistan, the arch enemy of India since her very emancipation from the British yoke. Nehru could easily realize that if India joins any of these two blocks, she would bring the rage of the other on her. It was indeed a crucial problem for the newly independent India and so he had chosen the path of non-alignment. Moreover, in order to guard her saturated post-independent economic condition India seriously needed the co-operation of both the big powers, U.S.A. and U.S.S.R. and their satellites the developed countries of Europe. Her entry into one bloc would not only make the members of the other bloc hostile to her interest but also might jeopardize her very independence. For this economic consideration India was really interested to extend her trade relation with the other countries of the world irrespective of their ideological difference. The spiritual cause was also there. Traditionally India was always against imperialism as because she had the bitter experience of colonial rule. That was why India shook off all pressure from within and without and remained non-aligned. Moreover, from the core...
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...India. However, presidents of erstwhile USSR and present Russia have been the chief guests on multiple occasions in the past, with President Putin gracing the Occasion in 2007. This seemingly inconsequential bit of information goes to show how the relations between India and Russia, have been placed on the back burner. Formerly, India considered Russia to be its ‘Big Brother’ of sorts and turned to Russia for help in all domains be it in the field of supply of arms and ammunition or on the protection of India’s interests in the international forum. Today, India has focussed largely on developing friendly relations with the western nations and it could be argued that, it is a move for the better, considering we are more at sync in ideology with the western nations, than the communist ideologies of Russia. But, the question which needs to be examined in an intricate manner is whether, India should continue to focus on developing relations with the western world, or has the time come to revitalize or reenergise relations with Russia? For India to improve its ties with Russia, there needs to be a committed and definite change in the foreign Policy which India has adopted towards Russia in recent times. India has failed to realise that china seeks to be an uncontested regional power, and by alienating Russia, India only seeks to push the Russians into the arms of the Chinese and this does not bode well for India. At present, the following are the chinks in the armour which have occurred...
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...Vol. 3, Issue 3 January 2012 India’s ‘Look East’ and America’s ‘Asia Pivot’: Converging Interests March 2013 What’s in a name? Asia-Pacific or Indo-Pacific? In a speech to the Indian parliament in 2007, Shinzo Abe, the then-prime minister of Japan, became one of the first Asian leaders to call attention to a dawning geopolitical reality: “We are now at a point at which the Confluence of the Two Seas is coming into being…The Pacific and the Indian Oceans are bringing about a dynamic coupling as seas of freedom and of prosperity. A ‘broader Asia’ that (breaks down) geographical boundaries is beginning to take on a distinct form.” Abe was a little ahead of his time in acknowledging the “distinct form” of the IndoPacific region. Many believe that day has now arrived. Former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton used the term in her seminal 2011 Foreign Policy article “America’s Pacific Century.” More recently, India’s ambassador to the United States and former foreign secretary, Nirupama Rao, made the case for the Indo-Pacific in a speech at Brown University: “There is a seamless stretch of oceanic space that links the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The earlier concept of the Asia-Pacific had sought to exclude India— today the term Indo-Pacific encompasses the subcontinent as an integral part of this eastern world. We are glad that the mental map of the Asia Pacific has changed and that the center of gravity has moved westward to include India…The task before us is to concretely define...
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...Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement - India & Mauritius: Does revising treaty loosen up the existing relations? The island Mauritius located in the south west part of the Indian Ocean lies about 3,900kms south west of India. Despite the long distance separation between the countries, Mauritius still possesses the seeds of Indian origin sown back in 1820’s during the time of colonial rule. According to the statistical data, 68% of the Mauritians are Indian origins called as ‘Indo – Mauritians’. The another interesting fact which still more strengthens the Indian origin prevalence in the country is by noticing the chronological tenure of presidents and prime ministers of Mauritius which reveals that all presidents except Karl Offmann and all prime ministers except Paul Berenger are from the community Indo – Mauritians. Indian influence is felt still in Mauritius. The diplomatic relations began between the two countries post-independence. India is maintaining very good relations with Mauritius from the then 1948 to the present in terms of political, commercial and cultural relations. Frequent visits of the presidents, prime ministers and government bureaucrats of their respective countries to the foreign countries indicates their interest in strengthening the existing relations and development of the countries with mutual support. The very recent Limit of Credit extended to Mauritius in civilian infrastructure development is 500million USD by India. Today, India is developed...
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...The bilateral relations between the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the People's Republic of Bangladesh are influenced by the fact that Bangladesh was a part of Pakistan from 1947 to 1971, when it achieved independence after the Bangladesh Liberation War and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. As part of historical Shimla Agreement, India sought to make sure that Pakistan would take steps to recognize Bangladesh. Pakistan sought China's help in blocking Bangladesh's entry into United Nations until 1974. Behind the scene India rallied behind Bangladesh to help gain international recognition. By end of March 1973, approximately 99 countries had recognized Bangladesh.[1] Pakistan eventually recognised Bangladesh in 1974. History Liberation war and independence After the partition of British Indian Empire by the United Kingdom in 1947, Bangladesh was integrated in Pakistan which was known as East Bengal until 1955 and thereafter as East-Pakistan following the One Unit program. Bilateral relations between the two wings grew strained over the lack of official recognition for the Bengali language, democracy, regional autonomy, disparity between the two wings, ethnic discrimination, and the central government's weak and inefficient relief efforts after the 1970 Bhola cyclone, which had affected millions in East Pakistan. These grievances led to several political agitations in East Bengal and ultimately a fight for full independence. In March 1971, the Pakistan Armed Forces began...
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...SAARC Ministerial Declaration on Cooperation in Combating Terrorism ***** We, the Foreign Ministers of Member States of SAARC, are deeply concerned about the continuing scourge of terrorism afflicting the region which has caused extensive social disharmony, loss of human life, destruction and damage to property. Terrorism poses a serious threat to peace and cooperation, and friendly and good neighbourly relations. It jeopardises the sovereignty and the territorial integrity of States, while constituting a serious violation of fundamental human rights. We renew our commitment to strengthening comprehensive region-wide cooperation among SAARC Member States to combat and eliminate all forms and manifestations of terrorism and in this context affirm the need to reinforce further the regional legal regime and instituting pragmatic cooperation to address this issue effectively. We also recognise that our cooperation shall proceed on the basis of sovereign equality, mutual respect and the principles of non-intervention and non-interference in the internal affairs of Member States consistent with the SAARC Charter. As we meet in Colombo, at the Thirty-first Session of the Council of Ministers, we solemnly declare and agree to undertake the following measures of cooperation: 1. We reiterate our commitment to implement measures against organising, instigating, facilitating, financing, fund raising, encouraging, tolerating and providing training for or otherwise...
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...REFLECTION OF PAKISTAN FOREIGN POLICY INTRODUCTION Pakistan is a major participant in the global efforts to curb transnational terrorism initiated after the terrorist attacks in the United States in September 2001. This enhanced Pakistan's strategic relevance for the major powers, especially the United States, which cultivated Pakistan for combating terrorism and ensuring peace and stability in the post-Taliban Afghanistan. Its strategic relevance has varied over time which had implications for Pakistan's role at the international level and the foreign policy options available to its policy makers. This briefing paper examines the changing patterns of Pakistan's foreign policy and how its position and role in international and regional politics has varied over time. Pakistan recognizes that it is neither possible nor advisable to stay in isolation in the present day interdependent and complex international system. It needs to interact with other states, international and regional organizations and supranational actors in order to protect and promote its national interests and sovereign identity. Its activism reflects a realization that such a policy facilities the mobilization of International support and resources for its domestic socio-economic development, helps to regulate the inputs from the external environment into the internal context, and contributes to strengthening security and territorial integrity which are the principal concerns of Pakistan's foreign policy...
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...The North -East Steering India's Look-East Policy By Ms. Sayantani Sen Mazumdar The Look East Policy of India, framed by the Narasimha Rao government in the early nineties, is a substantial manifestation of India's focused foreign policy orientation towards South East Asia; an immensely resourceful and flourishing region. The economy of South East Asia is a virtually untapped market which is up for grabs by major regional economic entities such as India, China, Europe or the USA. India’s compatibility with the South East Asian countries with regard to better regional cooperation lies in the fact of its abstinence from exhibiting hegemonistic ambitions, making it more benign towards South East Asia. The camaraderie between India and South-East Asia is clearly visible through the dynamic persuasion of India’s Look-East Policy. India and ASEAN reciprocally have embarked upon a number of initiatives for rejuvenating their ties in multiple areas. Frequent tête-à-tête from both the sides promulgates better implementation of the Policy. The improving intensification of economic linkages with ASEAN has inspired India to enter into the second phase of its Look-East Policy. Phase 2 is the deviation from complete economic issues to the broader agenda involving security cooperation, actively constructing transport corridors and erecting pillars of linkages and connectivity. This phase of India’s Look-East Policy renders ample relevance to the development of its North-Eastern Region...
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...Pakistan and china relations Submitted to: Miss. Ayesha hanif Submitted by: Myrah Anwaar 43 Sidra Awan 38 Sara Amjad 40 Ridha Masood 32 Aimen Siddique 36 Javaria Jamil 02 Table of Contents Executive summary: i China: 1 Pakistan 1 Introduction: 2 Background : 3 Sino-Indian war: 4 Timeline of Important events: 5 Diplomatic relations: 6 China support on Kashmir issues: 6 Sino Pakistan boundary agreement 6 China –us relation with the help of Pakistan 7 China support after 9/11 8 Trade relations: 10 Free Trade Agreement: 10 Exports: 12 Imports: 13 Kashgar Special Economic Zone (KSEZ): 14 Thar Coal Project: 15 Influence of china-india trade relation on pakistan : 15 Pakistan-china military relation 17 China and Pakistan defense ties 17 The Indian influence in military relations: 19 GEO-STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF PAKISTAN 20 Location of Gwadar port: 20 CONSTRUCTION OF GWADAR PORT: 20 GEO-STRATEGIC...
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...the numerical ratio of males to females in a population. False 7. Population Geography is the study of spatial and ecological aspects of population, including distribution, density per unit of land area, fertility, gender, health, age, mortality, and migration. True 8. A stabilized population created when an average of only two children per couple survive to adulthood, so that, eventually, the number of deaths equals the number of births, describes ________________. Zero Population Growth 9. Infectious diseases are diseases caused by variation or mutation of a gene or group of genes in a human. False 10. Natural Increase is defined as a program established by the Chinese government in 1979 to slow population in China. True 11. Population distribution is ______________. a description of locations on the Earth's surface where populations live. 12. A region that is based on a single trait of population density is called a: Formal demographic region 13. Physiologic Population Density is the number of people per unit area of arable land. True 14. Malthusians believed underpopulation is the root cause of poverty, illness, and warfare. False 15....
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...people living there. This also generates anger in people of India. What is solution to this problem? Justice delay is justice denied agree or not? Permanent seat for India in UN security council yes or no? How defense expenditure can be reduced? Biggest problem country is facing? Who is responsible for crime against women? Who is responsible for poor performance of India in sports? Should India remain a NAM country? Why unemployment is on rise? Why price of basic commodities are on rice? How politics can be made clean? How water shortage can be sorted out? How Indian women can be empowered? How India can be a super power? Do we need smaller states? How indo pak...
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.... BACHELOR OF ARTS (B.A.) (THREE YEAR DEGREE COURSE) SUBJECT MILITARY STUDIES OR DEFENCE AND STRATEGIC STUDIES PAGE 1 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA . B.A. (DEFENCE AND STRATEGIC STUDIES) The entire curriculum is to be divided into four units and each question paper will have: 1. First question – compulsory- Comprising of TEN Short Answer Questions (1 to X) covering the entire curriculum. This question will carry 40% marks of the total marks. 2. The rest of the question paper will be divided into Four Units, comprising of Two questions in each unit. Therefore, the total number of question in each paper shall be NINE. 3. 4. Student will have to attempt one question from each unit. All these (Four) questions will be of equal marks and will carry 60% marks of the total marks. 5. The minimum passing marks in each paper shall be 33% of the total marks. The candidate has to pass theory and practical separately. Total passing percentage (aggregate) to obtain the degree shall be 36%. 6. In the part I and II, there shall be two theory papers and one practical. Maximum marks shall be 35/50 for B.A. and B.Sc. respectively. For practical, it shall be 30/50 marks for BA and B.Sc. respectively. 7. In Part III there shall be three theory papers and one practical maximum marks shall be 35/50 for B.A. and B.Sc. respectively. For Practical, its shall be 45/75 marks for B.A. and B.Sc. respectively. PAGE 2 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA . B.A. (MILITARY...
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...Introduction Australia has always been a trading nation. Its political, immigration and cultural links with other countries have been reinforced by international trade and investment, with its high reliance on imports such as electrical appliances, cars, clothes, footwear, PCs and watches being a reminder of these trade links. The influx of imported products has benefited Australia but in recent decades, the reliance on them has caused problems for its economy. Such problems have included trade deficits, whereby the value of imports has exceeded that of exports by between $12 and $20 billion each year. They also include foreign debt in money owed overseas, which has increased from roughly $19 billion to $527 billion since the 1980s, as well as causing unemployment. The increasingly complex pattern of Australia's trade links and the broadening of its export base reflect the attempt at tackling these ongoing problems. See image 1 Although Australia relies heavily on its overseas foreign investment and employers, with hundreds of foreign companies operating in Australia, it is also a high exporter of goods, services and capital, with most of its exports going to markets in South-East Asia. Agricultural goods and minerals dominate Australia's exports, as do some of its service firms such as Qantas which is well known overseas. This chapter will explore Australia's trade links in its membership of international trading blocs and agreements, its shift away from its traditional trading...
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