...During the British Industrial Revolution | | | | 11/2/2015 | Industrial Revolution: The Transition The Industrial Revolution was a period during which predominantly agrarian, rural societies in Europe and America became industrial and urban (History, 2015). It took place from the 18th to 19th century. The first industrial revolution began in Britain, and the innovations in this region spread to other nations who also began transitioning from agricultural to industrial. The industrial revolution led to expansion on trade, increased standard of living, and the growth of cities and many of these improvements were the result of technological improvements. Economic Development The Industrial Revolution was a time for tremendous economic development. The western economy was transformed by the Industrial Revolution. New iron, steam-powered ships, along with other technological advances, made international trade cheaper, safer, and more efficient. The Factory System was perfected with the assembly line. Products moved along a conveyor belt, with each worker contributing labor along the way to create a finished product. The work came to the workers, saving time. Industrialization destroyed workers’ independence. Workers relied entirely upon their employers for wages with which they bought everything they needed. Technological Advances Technological advances played a large role in the expansion of the western economy during the Industrial Revolution. The transition of...
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...The Industrial Revolution’s Effect on Social Class Student Name Institutional Affiliation Course Date The Industrial Revolution’s Effect on Social Class The industrial revolution was the period in which fundamental changes and effects took place in England between 1760 to 1850.The revolution had diverse effects on various sectors such as agriculture, education, transportation as well as the social class of the people. Moreover, the industrial revolution was a gradual process and generated drastic changes to the life of people in society as a whole. The fundamental purpose of this study discussion is to explore and showcase the effect the revolution had to the social division of people in England as well as the rest of the world. Social class was the categorization of society by their social and economic status. Focus will be made on various social classes that came into being during this historical era. The effect of the industrial revolution was mostly seen in the living conditions of the social classes during the 1880s. Among the nobility class, the birth was more significant compared to their income levels. Duke Cousins were weak and lazy and were accepted in the high society over the wealthy industrialists emanating from the lower class. Few lords owned great houses both in country and London town and additionally the lords were always waited on by their servants. During the modern industrial period of the 1800s, aristocracy members dominated almost every level of...
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...revolutionary progresses are social based When you think of national progress, what would you think of? Economical, Political, or Societal? Actually, although people believe that most reforms or progress is for the benevolence of all three of these elements equally, revolutions such as the Industrial Revolution are more driven towards the success of the economics. The industrial revolution itself caused a massive uprising of ideas based on engineering for the sole purpose of convenience, and made a huge gap between the rich, the middle, and the poor, and classified the middle and the poor as the working classes and most of the topics went to the working class. However, this is more unlikely to be a political progress since the convenience and affordable factor all went to boost England’s economy and have the society afford them for cheaper. The progress of the Industrial Revolution was based on socioeconomic reasons because, due to the Industrial revolution, England’s economy increased, rate of employment for unemployed workers increased because of the ability to mass produce products using the newly invented machines to create a better economy for corporations, and a lot of products could be produced in cheap prices because mass production was possible and this increased the standard of living to modernization. Another example of socioeconomic progress is the French Revolution. The French revolutionists and poor social class strived to change the social class division by killing...
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...THE FRENCH REVOLUTION The French Revolution, which erupted in 1789 marked a turning point inthe history of human struggle for freedom and equality. It put an end tothe age of feudalism and ushered in a new order of society. An outline of this revolution will explain to you the kind of turmoil that occurred inEurope. This revolution brought about far reaching changes in not onlyFrench society but in societies throughout Europe. Even countries in othercontinents such as, India, were influenced by the ideas generated duringthis revolution. Ideas like liberty, fraternity and equality, which now form a part of the preamble to the Constitution of India, owe their origin to theFrench Revolution. It changed the political structure of European societyand replaced the age of feudalism by heralding the arrival of democracy.There were many significant themes, which arose due to the impact of thisRevolution, which have been the focus of interest of the early sociologists.These significant themes included the transformation of property, the socialdisorder, caused by the change in the political structure and its impact onthe economic structure. A new class of power holders emerged - thebourgeoisie. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION The Industrial Revolution began around 1760 A.D. in England. It broughtabout great changes in the social and economic life of the people first inEngland, then in the other countries of Europe and later in other continents.In Europe, especially England...
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...changed and what exactly is the reason for this change? It can be thought the world is constantly being revolutionized and transformed. There are technological, environmental, and economic changes continuously present in society. Are these changes enough to bring about a modern revolution? And if so, what kind of revolution are we experiencing? In order to argue for or against the concept of a modern revolution it is important that we understand what a revolution is and look back at the impact of significant revolutions in history. When the word “revolution” is first announced, it is common to think of an uprising or revolt from tyranny and unjustness. However, there are other kinds of revolutions; the kind that bring about other types of change in the way we live. Patrick J. Howie (2011) notes that revolutions in science, technology and international politics are headline events that become unforgettable moments in history (p. 10). Although the United States was recently at war in the Middle East and there are other countries that have had rebellions stemmed from civil disobedience, I do not feel as though we can categorize the thought of a modern revolution to that of a violent or war based revolution. With all of the scientific and technological advances that have been introduced in the past decade alone, there have been significant impacts to societies all over the world. The Scientific Revolution and the Industrial Revolutions are prime examples of transformations that occurred...
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...The Industrial Revolution began in the second half of 18th century and had an everlasting effect on Europe, and the rest of the world. It caused major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transport and technology. Eventually, socioeconomic and cultural conditions began to change in Britain, which then spread throughout Europe, then eventually the world. These changes made Europe and the rest of the world more modern. Proof of this can be seen in more efficient trade & transport and mass production that were a product of Industrial Revolution. This essay will seek to demonstrate the most significant effect these two components had on modernity and how they shaped Europe, and the rest of the world. The time period covered by the Industrial Revolution varies according to Historians, but according to Eric Hobsbawm, it started in Britain in the 1780s and fulfilled its potential in the 1830s or 1840. Some important effects of these two components comprise of, but are not limited to include: technological and chemical innovations, improved trade, transportation and increase in wealth etc. Almost all aspects of daily life were influenced in some way by the Industrial Revolution; hence it marks a major turning point in human history. Industrial Revolution was an achievement of sustained economic growth that began the industrialization of the European economy. Growth did not reach a plateau in Britain as it did in other countries in Europe. Depressions and recessions...
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...William Feola Topic 4 Essay 2/23/2016 In the middle of the nineteenth century, European societies were going through tremendous changes due to politicization of the ordinary, helped by the French Revolution, and the Industrial Revolution. During these changes and challenges, intellectuals and political activists proposed different approaches to making society function better. Different bodies of thoughts were proposed and political organizations that supported different ideologies were created. These groups and organizations stemmed from liberalism, feminism, romanticism and Social Darwinism. These groups, the liberalists, feminists, romanticists and the Social Darwinists, had to try to cope with the rapid modernization of the west precipitated by the Industrial Revolution. In this essay we are going to talk about how each group was able to cope with the rapid modernization and how they were able to face the changes and challenges. First of all, we saw liberalism try to cope with the rapid modernization of the west precipitated by the Industrial Revolution. These liberals thought that human life and society could progress without having violent revolutions or relying on tradition. Non-violent approaches to changing society is called liberalism. The liberals during the time of the Industrial Revolution believed that individuals had the power to reason and that they are rational. In other words, it means they are capable of bettering themselves without destroying the...
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...ANNOTATED SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR HISTORICAL INTERPRETATIONS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN Gerard M Koot History Department University of Massachusetts Dartmouth Allen, Robert C., The British Industrial Revolution in a Global Perspective, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Pp. viii, 331. Allen’s book is an excellent example of the persuasiveness of the new economic history. It is solidly rooted in statistical data and uses sophisticated methods of economic analysis but its analysis is presented in plain English. He argues that the first industrial revolution occurred in northwestern Europe because its high wages during the early modern period encouraged technological innovation. Although high wages were initially a consequence of the demographic disaster of the Black Death, they were reinforced during the early modern period by the economic success of the region around the North Sea, first, in European trade and manufacturing, especially in wresting the textile industry from the Italians, and then in world trade. According to Allen, the first industrial revolution took place in Britain instead of the Low Countries primarily because of Britain’s abundant and cheap coal resources, combined with the central government’s ability to use mercantilist policies and naval power to reap the greatest benefits from an expanding European and world trade. Once it had taken the lead from the Dutch, and defeated the French, Britain used its comparative advantage...
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...time of significant social, cultural and economic change for Europe. The century included both the Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions. They transformed demographics, working methods and economic structures. Their consequences impacted on the family income, both in terms of how money was earned and who in the family earned it. One of the consequences of the Agricultural and Industrial Revolution was a shift in populations to more urban areas. The revolution also impacted on the self-sufficient economy of rural life with increased reliance on industrial employment. This essay will examine these changes and discuss how they impacted on women and the family. This will be achieved by examining the changes in gender roles and, in particular, changes to women’s roles in the family and society and how this directly impacted on the shape and function of the family. The aim is to explore the cultural and economic shift in eighteenth century society from a mainly rural, agrarian society to and more urban, industrialises society. The essay will also consider how these changes impacted on family life during this period. The issue which this essay focuses on is; that as women and children began to play a greater role in the work place the shape and function of family changed. Eighteenth century life was dependant on agriculture. During the early years of the century over eighty percent of the population were living in rural areas. Although there were demographic changes occurring, with...
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...the short span of 55 years between 1865 and 1920 the Industrial Revolution brought vast expansion of big business and a change to the American people. Lad by Henry Ford’s assembly line industrial powers such as Carnegie, Huntington, and Rockefeller emerged and built their empires. Birthed from these industrial empires we witnessed the growth of legislation and laws that where susceptible to manipulation by the development of corrupt politics. With the surge in technology, growth of super powers, environmental issues, government legislation, or corrupt business practices or corrupt government the industrial revolution exploded in a time where change was needed to draw the American eye away from the deadly Civil War, which so many where still attached to, and focus on the theoretical idea “a better way of life”. The Industrial Revolution was sold to the American people with the false since that if you work hard you will acquire wealth. This lie to the populace was met with a flood of American and immigrant workers that swarmed to the workforce for low wages and unhealthy work environments. Imbedding this idea into the American workforce the Industrial Revolution spawned business power houses like Carnegie, Huntington, Ford, and Rockefeller. The Industrial Revolution also bestowed on us the corrupt business and political practices that shaped the laws and regulations that are practiced today. The Industrial Revolution saw itself spawn from three industries that led the...
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...Two Significant social consequences of the First Industrial Revolution Urbanization was a social consequence that was brought about during the first industrial revolution. Urbanization is where urban areas gain a large population in a very short amount of time. "It is characterized by the large-scale migration of people from the rural areas to the urban areas, thus leading to a sudden and often unexpected increase in the population. There is also growth in agriculture, thus making more options of income accessible to the people. (Buzzle 2013) During the Industrial revolution factories started to grow which in turn created more jobs in manufacturing. Lower class individuals and most of the working classes found it easier and more promising to find employment in up and coming factories. This led to the factories making enormous amounts of money with loads of new opportunities for the people seeking them. People began to re-locate for work bringing more and more people into the urban areas at an alarming rate. "This collectively resulted in the creation of a wave of large-scale migration from the rural areas to be the newly established commercial settlements which, in just a few years, went on to become fully urbanized, with all the necessary amenities and facilities." (Buzzle 2013) Urbanization affected the jobs, the money, and the living situations of many individuals. It also had some negative effects at the time. "There was in increase in crime rates, poverty, deforestation...
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...1. The Industrial Revolution was a period of time between the mid 18th century and the mid 19th century where dramatic and unprecedented changes happened in the English society. A feature that characterised this period in time included the introduction of new technologies which in turn caused social and economic issues. The Industrial Revolution made leaps and bounds in technological development. These technologies emerged between the 18th and 19th century, As England began to drift towards machine-based manufacturing. The introduction of steam power, the catalyst of the Industrial Revolution, led to steam machines being implemented in a wide array of machinery. Steam power replaced manual labour due to its cost efficiency, and this in turn developed into my next feature; transformation of English society. The technological innovation brought about in the British industrial revolution also brought about rapid social transformation. Population boomed as people flocked to urban centres to search for work. The working classes had to live in destitute conditions while children were forced to work. These changes in social realities created pressure for political change as well, with demands for labour rights and equality. Technological transformation in the Industrial Revolution also caused the economic development happening in England. With mass-industrialisation came an unprecedented growth in the economy of Great Britain, fostered by the development of steam machines...
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...“Industrial Revolution” GKE Task 4 WGU Indiana The Industrial Revolution was the change from hand crafted products and small farming operations to machine manufactured products and large scale farms using more mechanical equipment. While the birthplace of the revolution was in Britain around 1760, one similar took place in America from 1790 to 1870. Britain had tried very hard to keep the monopoly on its industrial technology, however this couldn’t last forever. Some of the British saw the potential of profitable opportunities and took this knowledge abroad (Industrial Revolution, 2013) With any major change in a society has consequences. One social consequence of the Industrial Revolution was the division of social classes. Before, there were the very rich and the very poor. As factories and industry made production of goods more efficient, these goods were cheaper. People could now afford to buy everything they needed and still have money left over. They could now afford to enjoy leisure goods instead of only buying what they needed to survive. Thus, the emergence of the middle class. This class consisted of anyone with a decent job, shop clerks, accountants, managers and so on (Introduction to the Industrial Revolution). While the production of goods at a faster rate and larger quantity made them cheaper and more available had its advantages, the division of society had negative consequences as well. The use of technology on farms meant fewer...
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...Industrial Revolution The Untied States and Great Britain were at the for front of the Industrial Revolution, this revolution was a period between 1780 and 1850 of rapid scientific and technological change in these countries. Soon after the rest of the world would follow. One of the big changes that happened during the Industrial Revolution was changes to manufacturing. New tools were able to transform the ways textiles, steel, food production, and chemicals were produced. This new innovation made it much faster for these products to be produced and in return led to greater productions. A single powered machine could produce more in one day that a single factory worker could in one week. This led to the ability to meet consumer demand on a much faster scale. These new machined also brought more uniformity to what was being produces, meaning the things such as screws, and fitting were able to be standardized and that led to a foundation if future technologies. These new machines were expensive investors had to pool their money together in order to buy them which contributed to the spread of corporation, and factory model of production (Soomo, The Industrial Revolution and Social Consequences). Because of this new large scale manufacturing, occupations that people once relied on for work and income were now taken over forcing people to work in factories. Factory workers even included women and young children. This led to the breakdown of the family unit. Before factories...
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...co1 Introduction: The Sixteen-Page Economic History of the World He may therefore be justly numbered among the benefactors of mankind, who contracts the great rules of life into short sentences, that may be easily impressed on the memory, and taught by frequent recollection to recur habitually to the mind. —Samuel Johnson, Rambler No. 175 (November 19, 1751) The basic outline of world economic history is surprisingly simple. Indeed it can be summarized in one diagram: figure 1.1. Before 1800 income per person—the food, clothing, heat, light, and housing available per head—varied across societies and epochs. But there was no upward trend. A simple but powerful mechanism explained in this book, the Malthusian Trap, ensured that short term gains in income through technological advances were inevitably lost through population growth. Thus the average person in the world of 1800 was no better off than the average person of 100,000 BC. Indeed in 1800 the bulk of the world population was poorer than their remote ancestors. The lucky denizens of wealthy societies such as eighteenth-century England or the Netherlands managed a material lifestyle equivalent to that of the Stone Age. But the vast swath of humanity in East and South Asia, particularly in China and Japan, eked out a living under conditions probably significantly poorer than those of cavemen. The quality of life also failed to improve on any other observable dimension. Life expectancy was no higher in 1800 than for hunter-gatherers:...
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