...cognitive growth in a child is dependent on the right types of environmental exposures. “Authoritative parents will also allow children to be independent, which teaches kids that they are capable of accomplishing things on their own, helping to foster strong self-esteem and self-confidence”. Although these different types of parents may value obedience and discipline, they will sometimes use punishment when their children do not do what they expect them to do. Permissive parents are different they have very few limits on their children and often will not give them any household responsibilities. This type of parenting is believed to encouraging and allows their children to be free thinkers and to make their own decisions. Infancy and Early Childhood Development During the first two years of an infant’s life body changes take place in the body, mind, and social relationships. The brain triples in size the digestive system begins to accommodate food, which helps to nourish the brain and body so that the child will grow. It is important during this time to stimulate the infant so the child can reach its full potential (Berger, 2011). In order to figure out what type of stimulation is needed the caregiver must follow the baby’s lead. Infants respond to what their brain needs which is why they like to look at different objects and listen to other individuals. The first two years are the sensitive...
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...Infancy and Early Childhood Development In: Philosophy and Psychology Infancy and Early Childhood Development Infancy and Early Childhood Development Cynthia Miranda PSY 375 July 2, 2012 Dr. Aneta Bhojwani Infancy and Early Childhood Development Every human being begins developing in one way or another, from the moment they come into this world. Development and all its aspects begin in infancy and continue throughout one’s entire lifetime. It is a common belief that infants and young children are influenced by the environment that surrounds them. Cognitive and social aspects of development are shaped and molded at an early age, as well as language, speech, perception, and motor skills. A young child’s life is influenced by parents and family members, which is why they have a significant impact on the child’s development. When a child is old enough to attend school, he or she will also begin to adapt to the atmosphere of the school they are attending and to educational environment in that school; this will in turn affect the child’s cognitive development and social skills. Family Influences When a baby is first born, his or her brain begins to go through developmental changes. During the early stages of childhood, experiences can be split into two categories, experience-expectant and experience-dependent. Expectant experiences are those experiences that are common and somewhat universal experiences, and that most infants go through. Some of these...
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...University of Phoenix PSY/375 Kamika York May 11, 2015 All human lives are based on what happens from infancy throughout early childhood. There are different levels of teaching and experiences that are built upon as development occurs. Infancy and early childhood development is a part of a crucial production of their lives. The development that forms their foundation for the absorbing of information and the security of a child. There are positive and negative attributes that can affect the key functions one could endure or be subjected to pre-delivery and post-delivery. The negative influence can call a halt in the progression of development. Family dynamics, and parenting styles are direct key influences over the child’s life. The parenting styles will contribute greatly in support in areas like socially, culturally, physically, and mentally. Understanding what parenting style you depict, will cause you to be aware of the effectiveness of the style toward the promotion of among criteria and cognitive development of a child Effect of Families on Development The family’s role on the effects of a child’s growth has more influence on a child’s development from the very early stages of life. Children develop better in a more supportive environment where the families are consistent, observant, and sensitive. Families are in charge of providing critical factors during infancy, such as a supportive comfort, love, facial cueing, interaction, and communication skills, which will...
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...Infancy and Early Childhood Development The brain of infants and early childhood development is empty and absorbable like a sponge throughout adulthood. At infancy stage, the brain develops according to exposure to verbal expression exposure and visual physical observation exposure. The human being brain will utilize the exposures throughout the developing stages in life (Feldman, 2010). Parenting interaction with an infant and environmental condition affects the way infants develop. Hence, it is fundamental to set positive structure from the beginning because the exposure cannot be undone when raising a child. It is significantly important to provide a nurturing environment. The Affect Families Have On Infants and Childhood Development From infancy, the brain instantaneously goes through developmental change. The progress is an effect of genes and the environment the infant is exposing to and as an outcome of experiences (Feldman, 2010). Early childhood experiences have two categories; experience-dependent and experience-expectant. Experience-expectant refers to the development of the nervous system and it is predictable to develop in a certain way. Standard cognitive growth is reliant of the positive type of environmental exposure. With the exception of any type of fetal damage to the brain, in order for the experience-expectant to be within usual range of development; when an infant is exposed to a loving gesture (as an example), it should respond cognitively. Experience-dependent...
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...Infancy and Early Childhood Development Cynthia Miranda PSY 375 July 2, 2012 Dr. Aneta Bhojwani Infancy and Early Childhood Development Every human being begins developing in one way or another, from the moment they come into this world. Development and all its aspects begin in infancy and continue throughout one’s entire lifetime. It is a common belief that infants and young children are influenced by the environment that surrounds them. Cognitive and social aspects of development are shaped and molded at an early age, as well as language, speech, perception, and motor skills. A young child’s life is influenced by parents and family members, which is why they have a significant impact on the child’s development. When a child is old enough to attend school, he or she will also begin to adapt to the atmosphere of the school they are attending and to educational environment in that school; this will in turn affect the child’s cognitive development and social skills. Family Influences When a baby is first born, his or her brain begins to go through developmental changes. During the early stages of childhood, experiences can be split into two categories, experience-expectant and experience-dependent. Expectant experiences are those experiences that are common and somewhat universal experiences, and that most infants go through. Some of these experiences can be, but are not limited to, love from parents or families, perception of surrounding objects, and recognizing...
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...Infancy and Early Childhood Development Paper DeAnna Buckley Psy 375 November 17, 2014 Linda O'Connor Infancy and Early Childhood Development Paper Introduction Parents get excited to hear their baby’s first words and wonder will it be mama or da da? To see their first steps to experience the moment when they use the potty for the first time to when they go for their first day of preschool. All of these brief experiences are unforgettable precious moments. There are so many important aspects as an infant grows and develops into early childhood. There are several essential aspects that affect how a child develops such as how families affect development. In addition, this paper will discuss in further detail how specific parenting styles such as authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and uninvolved can affect childhood development. Furthermore, another influential factor can be early childhood education and its influence on cognitive development. Families Affect Development Families can help aide in the development of children but can hinder learning and development also. Families possess more influence on a child’s development than any other person or situation at that current time or any other period of life. “Nurturing relationships in a family are critical for the healthy development of a child. If a child feels safe, secure, and loved in their family, it helps with the formation of their self-esteem and well-being. It can also lead to a child who is more socially...
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...Infancy and Early Childhood Development Terrence O. Roberts PSY/375 March 30, 2015 11:59 pm Linda O'Connor Infancy and Early Childhood Development One’s early childhood and infancy are some of the most advanced periods of their lives. This development is beneficial to the child’s productive abilities in life. These developmental stages form a foundation for the child’s future learning and well-being. Elements that effect a child during their infancy and early childhood can hinder a child’s development. Particular elements such as one’s family as well as their parenting styles. Some parent’s style of raising children are more effective than other parents’ methods. There are also certain programs that have been developed to influence cognitive development. Family’s effect on Development One’s family and their influences affect them during infancy and early childhood more than any other period in their lives. If a child’s family is attentive, sensitive and responsive the child tends to develop better. Family’s show this during the child’s infancy and early childhood in manners such as a gentle reassuring touch, overheard conversation, and facial expressions which improves the speech of young children (Berger, 2011). Families are the first teachers for infants and young children. It’s this relationship between young children and their families that determine how they development. “Early relationships help infants developing...
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...Life span Development paper LiveDream Susan Cohen PSY/375 06/22/15 Introduction The development of Infancy and Early Childhood is a combination of biological, psychological and emotional changes that are developed in an individual between the time of birth and to the end of adolescence. During this span of birth and early childhood the most critical stages of development are at work laying down the foundation that will affect the learning skills and social, cognitive and emotional development. Aspects that surround an individual during this very important time will either nurture or hinder their progress of development. The aspects that are detrimental to infancy and early childhood development are the environment of one’s family, cognitive development through early childhood education and parenting styles. Families Affect The Development of Infants And Young Children. “Families are the first to teach infants and young children, which fosters development during infancy and early childhood. Early relationships help infants develop a working model, a set of assumptions that become a frame of reference for later life” (Berger, 2011, p. 189). During infancy and early childhood the effects of the family environment is the most influential part of an individual’s development. The culture and environment of the family bring the infant experiences that that either nurture or set back their development. An infant that lives in an environment where he or she receives expectations...
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...Early Child Development Infancy and Early Childhood Development The brain of infants and early childhood development is empty and absorbable like a sponge throughout adulthood. At infancy stage, the brain develops according to exposure to verbal expression exposure and visual physical observation exposure. The human being brain will utilize the exposures throughout the developing stages in life (Feldman, 2010). Parenting interaction with an infant and environmental condition affects the way infants develop. Hence, it is fundamental to set positive structure from the beginning because the exposure cannot be undone when raising a child. It is significantly important to provide a nurturing environment. The Affect Families Have On Infants and Childhood Development From infancy, the brain instantaneously goes through developmental change. The progress is an effect of genes and the environment the infant is exposing to and as an outcome of experiences. Early childhood experiences have two categories; experience-dependent and experience-expectant. Experience-expectant refers to the development of the nervous system and it is predictable to develop in a certain way. Standard cognitive growth is reliant of the positive type of environmental exposure. With the exception of any type of fetal damage to the brain, in order for the experience-expectant to be within usual range of development; when an infant is exposed to a loving gesture (as an example), it should respond...
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...APA-formatted reference page to identify the source of your information. |Physical development | |Prenatal, infancy, and |Example: Prenatal exposure to alcohol can cause a number of physical and neurological deficits (p. | |toddlerhood (pre-birth to 2 |89). | |years) |An expecting mother that drinks heavily can put her unborn child at risk for FAS (Fetal Alcohol | | |Syndrome). | |In early childhood (3 to 6 |Some children that are born after being exposed to stress and alcohol may have difficulty with basic | |years) |motor skills, such as walking down stairs, standing on one foot, and getting dressed with little help| | |from an adult. | |Cognitive development | |In infancy and toddlerhood |Toddlers that are exposed to stress can develop problems with sensory integration which can lead to | | |the inability to...
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...Infancy Anna Parks PSY/375 7-21-14 Dr. Luster Infancy Every human being begins developing in one way or another, from the moment they come into this world. Development and all its aspects begin in infancy and continue throughout one’s entire lifetime. It is a common belief that infants and young children are influenced by the environment that surrounds them. Cognitive and social aspects of development are shaped and molded at an early age, as well as language, speech, perception, and motor skills. A young child’s life is influenced by parents and family members, which is why they have a significant impact on the child’s development. When a child is old enough to attend school, he or she will also begin to adapt to the atmosphere of the school they are attending and to educational environment in that school; this will in turn affect the child’s cognitive development and social skills. When a baby is first born, his or her brain begins to go through developmental changes. During the early stages of childhood, experiences can be split into two categories, experience-expectant and experience-dependent. Expectant experiences are those experiences that are common and somewhat universal experiences, and that most infants go through. Some of these experiences can be, but are not limited to, love from parents or families, perception of surrounding objects, and recognizing facial expressions (Berger, 2008). Dependent experiences are less universal and are more individualized, and...
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...During infancy and early childhood development there is rapid growth in a three developmental domains; biosocial, cognitive, and psychosocial. A wide range of rapid growth and development occur together in all three domains often overlapping each other, from body changes to growth patterns, to brain development and the five senses, to language and information processing to emotional development. These different stages set the foundation for proper development and well being throughout the progression of a child's life. There are certain aspects in each domain that can affect proper development during infancy and young children, such as the roles of families, parenting styles, and education; each of which can have a profound influence on a child's development in all three domains. The Effects of Families During Infancy and Early Childhood Families play a very important crucial role during infancy and early childhood. Starting with the biosocial domain development during infancy, an infant's brain development is rapid and highly dependent on experience. For instance, during the first two years in which the brain is rapidly developing experience begins to shape the brain through postnatal rise and fall of synapses (Berger, 2011). In particular, right after exuberant expansion of the brain, if no experience is taking place, some dendrites will fade away because of the lack of being used. In the first two years, a child relies heavily on his or her family to involve and introduce...
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...Discuss the influence of childhood on relationships. According to Shaver (1988), three behavioural systems developed during early childhood – attachment, caregiving and sexuality – form the basis of romantic love in adulthood. The concept of attachment is derived from Bowlby’s (1969) theory. Bowlby claimed that relationships tend to be a continuation of the attachment style expressed in infancy (secure, insecure-avoidant, insecure-resistant) due to the internal working model of relationships that infants acquire from their caregiver(s). A child’s experience of attachment to a caregiver informs expectations of future relationships, including romantic ones. The caregiving and sexuality systems are also tied to attachment figures. “Caregiving” involves an individual’s knowledge of how to care for others, as learnt from the behaviour of the primary attachment figure in childhood. “Sexuality” also relates to attachment types. For example, individuals who experienced an insecure-avoidant attachment to their primary caregiver are more likely to pursue sex without love. Fraley (1998) conducted a meta-analysis of studies into the relationship between childhood caregiver attachment and adult romantic attachment to collect sufficient evidence for the claim. Fraley found relatively weak correlations (ranging from .10 to .50). One reason for the weakness of the correlations may be that attachment type changes over time rather than remaining the same post-infancy, as is often assumed. Significant...
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...Infancy and Early Childhood Development PSY375 September 1, 2014 Lindsey Respress Infancy and Early Childhood Development Families can affect the development of infants and young children beginning at the moment they are born. Their height, weight and “head circumference that can tell if the brain is growing.(Berger 2011, p. 23),” could be affected by neglect of proper care and making doctor appointments regularly to be aware if there are problems in the growth of the child. Proper nutrition and sleep is important for their bodies and bodies. According to Berger (2011), A lack of either can affect the “brain maturation, learning, emotional regulation, and academic success (p. 125).”. Infants must sleep as much as possible and will gradually decrease as they get older. Doctor visits can catch any abnormalities that can occur because of the lack of food or sleep. A child’s brain is like a sponge and all stages of the childhood they are learning from their environment. During infancy the love that is shown to a child by holding, caressing, touching is giving them a positive response in the future but neglect can engage negative responses that can from difficulties in the future such as, social interaction and learning disabilities. Berger (2011) indicates that there could be “lifelong damage (p. 132).” Stimulation is very important in the brain growth of an infant and early childhood. Too much stimulation that is not age appropriate is not beneficial and it depends...
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...environment. As a child progresses from infancy to young childhood, his or her environment expands to include the child’s ecosystem (community, schools, church, and neighbors). Slowly through life, new influences add to the child’s history, but the most influential during these two stages are the family and early education. The main contextual influences in infancy and early childhood include parents, siblings, grandparents, and often surrogates (nannies, foster parents, adopted parents, and routine caretakers). These individual’s influence language, socialization, emotional development, temperament, attachments, and they provide the first cultural context. The family is the foundation for psychosocial, cognitive, and biosocial development. An infant is completely dependent on the parent, caretaker, or surrogate. Early experiences that mold psychosocial and cognitive development are dependent on socialization within the child’s family. A newborn quickly learns to associate a mother’s smell to comfort and nourishment. A few months later, a child delights in the faces of his or her family. Gradually, the child will begin to sort through the speech stream and learn the language spoken by his or her parents. Arranz, Oliva, De Miguel, Olabarrieta, and Richards (2010) propose that the continuation of positive parental expectations, scaffolding, attachment style, attachment quality, and authoritative parenting throughout infancy and early childhood results in more advanced cognitive...
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