...Requiring Newborn Screening of Critical Congenital Heart Disease Date With the numerous technological advances that have occurred in today’s health care system, one would think newborn screening would be required in Maryland for the most common birth defect in the United States, critical congenital heart disease (CCHD), but only just this year has the state considered the requirement (Department of Legislative Services, Office of Information Systems [DLSOIS], 2011). Critical congenital heart disease, a disorder in which an infant’s heart or blood vessels near the heart develop abnormally before birth, affects approximately 8 out of every 1,000 infants each year in the US, amounting to around 36,000 infants (DLSOIS, 2011). CCHD is the leading cause of death among infants within the first year of life, amounting to nearly 40% of deaths, often due to the fact that a large number of infants with this disease go undetected (Martin, Bradshaw, & Wright, n.d.). Although some babies are diagnosed with congenital heart disease shortly before or after birth, many diagnoses are not made until days, weeks, or months later; sometimes not at all. Many benefits are associated with implementing CCHD screening, many treatment options are available for those diagnosed with CCHD, and a bill is being proposed to the State of Maryland’s General Assembly about including this screening in the Department of Health and Mental Hygiene’s Newborn Screening Program (DLSOIS, 2011). The benefits...
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...will be used to guide this essay, and I will analyse how the experience has improved my skills in building therapeutic relationships, while recognising areas that require work in order to fulfil my role. All names have been changed to protect confidentiality, as is the responsibility of any registered nurse (NMC 2008). Mental and emotional wellbeing in all family members is intrinsic to the wellbeing of children. The “Healthy Child Programme” (DH 2009) identifies the assessment and promotion of this area as a core part of the health visitor’s role. A common mental health problem that impacts on children is post-natal depression, affecting 10-15% of women (Royal College of Psychiatrists n.d.). Infants whose mothers have post-natal depression often have less positive life outcomes, as discussed in Every Child Matters (HM Treasury 2003). It can impact negatively on emotional, social and mental development, often demonstrated through behavioural problems (Wrate et al., 1985), and neurological problems (Dale, 1995). This can influence outcomes into adulthood. Moehler et al. (2006) discuss how post-natal depression can affect development and quality of maternal infant attachment, stating this may be what leads to negative impact on child development (Moehler et al., 2007), a view supported by Mason (2010). Murray et al. (1996a) discuss how the change in maternal child interaction as a consequence...
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...Evaluate the role that biology and genetic inheritance plays in the determination of EITHER (a) personality OR (b) intelligence. Draw on recent research to illustrate and support your answer. Intelligence has always been a very confusing topic in psychology. It can be a very difficult term to define since every individual can be intelligent in a particular aspect. Each and every person varies with their skills to adapt to the environment and how they can solve and understand intricate concepts. There are many different types of intelligence as there are many different skills in the world and they are all assessed on various criteria (Sternberg & Kaufman, 2001). The conceptualization of intelligence is still not set for certain as there are many different measures of intelligence. There is no standard measurement for intelligence and so there is no universal agreement of what intelligence actually is either (Plomin & McClearn, 1993). The research of intelligence found many different factors that determine the intelligence of an individual. The role of biology and genetic inheritance in the determination of intelligence is quite crucial. The genetic inheritance can be found out through how the child inherits the intelligence of the parent through IQ tests When mentioning the biology of intelligence, apart from the genetic inheritance that has to be researched through twin studies and adoption studies, hormones and neurotransmitters also has to be looked into in order...
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...Epidemiology Paper Grand Canyon University Concepts in Community and Public Health NRS 427V Colleen Darrow RN June 28, 2014 Epidemiology Paper “World wide, two billion people have been infected with hepatitis B Virus” (Shepard & Simard, 2006, p. 112) Hepatitis B virus cause liver tissue infections which is life threatening potentially. And both acute and chronic hepatitis B has a profound impact on global health. “More than 240 million people have chronic liver infections, and more than 780,000 people die every year due to the acute or chronic consequences of hepatitis B.”("WHO Media Center," 2014) The HBV is transmitted from an infected carrier to the others via contact with blood and other body fluid. Hepatitis B is also a major occupational hazard for health workers. Fortunately the infection can be effectively prevented by safe vaccine. Since 1982, safe Hepatitis B vaccine has been available; the effectiveness of preventing the infection and its long-term consequences has been established. Hepatitis B vaccine is the first vaccine which against a major human cancer. “HBV infection may result in subclinical or asymptomatic infection, acute self-limited hepatitis, or fulminant hepatitis requiring liver transplant.” (Shepard & Simard, 2006, p. 113) The average incubation period is 90 days for a newly infected person who may develop acute hepatitis. The common signs and symptoms for acute hepatitis...
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...to assist them in managing their children along with other responsibilities. These children therefore get a divided share of family/home atmosphere as being part of bringing up. As part of this research project, I shall study the impact of day care facility on the children of working mothers. Keywords: Maternal employment, Working mothers, impacts of external child care, daycare facility, child care, career oriented mothers, physiological health factors, personality development. Problem statement Our problem statement shall primarily be “The effect of using day care facility on child care due to maternal employment.” In simpler words, we shall study the impact of the use of day care facilities by working mothers and its effects upon the upbringing of children. Objectives There is a need to identify if this increasing trend is beneficial for the children in the long run or not. Thus, basic objective of the research shall be to conduct a study and conclude the following: 1. Identify their mental and physiological health factors affecting the children 2. Determine the impact of the above on their childhood and personality development 3. Social complexes developed by them while visiting day care centers 4. Study the Impact on their academic performance in long run 5. Personal development, dependency and mannerism of the child visiting day care and determine lacking personality features 6. Conduct analysis after data...
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...POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION: LITERATURE REVIEW OF RISK FACTORS AND INTERVENTIONS Donna E. Stewart, MD, FRCPC E. Robertson, M.Phil, PhD Cindy-Lee Dennis, RN, PhD Sherry L. Grace, MA, PhD Tamara Wallington, MA, MD, FRCPC ©University Health Network Women’s Health Program 2003 Prepared for: Toronto Public Health October 2003 Women’s Health Program Financial assistance by Health Canada Toronto Public Health Advisory Committee: Jan Fordham, Manager, Planning & Policy – Family Health Juanita Hogg-Devine, Family Health Manager Tobie Mathew, Health Promotion Consultant – Early Child Development Project Karen Wade, Clinical Nurse Specialist, Planning & Policy – Family Health Mary Lou Walker, Family Health Manager Karen Whitworth, Mental Health Manager Copyright: Copyright of this document is owned by University Health Network Women’s Health Program. The document has been reproduced for purposes of disseminating information to health and social service providers, as well as for teaching purposes. Citation: The following citation should be used when referring to the entire document. Specific chapter citations are noted at the beginning of each chapter. Stewart, D.E., Robertson, E., Dennis, C-L., Grace, S.L., & Wallington, T. (2003). Postpartum depression: Literature review of risk factors and interventions. POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION: LITERATURE REVIEW OF RISK FACTORS AND INTERVENTIONS Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 OVERALL METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK 5 CHAPTER 1: RISK FACTORS FOR...
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...LOCAL RELATED LIT. On December 7, 2009, the Department of Health launched the Unang Yakap Campaign. With this campaign, the DOH aims to cut down infant mortality in the Philippines by at least half. The campaign employs Essential Newborn Care (ENC) Protocol as a strategy to improve the health of the newborn through interventions before conception, during pregnancy, at and soon after birth, and in the postnatal period. The ENC Protocol provides an evidence-based, low cost, low technology package of interventions that will save thousands of lives. Based on health statistics, the Philippines is one of the 42 countries that account for 90% of under-five mortality worldwide. 82,000 Filipino children under five years old die every year. 37% of them are newborn. Majority of them (3/4) die within the first two days of life. Mostly due to stressful events or conditions during labor, delivery and immediate postpartum period. The current practice of handling newborns, like clamping and cutting the umbilical cord and washing the baby right after birth, have been known to actually contribute to the high incidence of neonatal deaths and illnesses in the country. Thus the need for a paradigm shift from the prevailing standard procedures into the new protocol. Health Secretary Duque explained that the ENC Protocol involves focusing on the first hours of life of the newborn with the manual guiding health workers in providing evidence-based essential newborn care. Essential Newborn Care Workflow...
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...low socioeconomic status, low oxytocin levels, as well as the use of formula for infant feeding (Donaldson-Myles, 2011; Stuebe, Grewen, & Meltzer-Brody, 2013; Fitelson et al., 2011). As PPD is a major public health concern for women and infant well-being research has found a wide range of treatment options ensuring individualized care. Postpartum...
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...or guardian at an early age. It has been psychologically proven that males are more aggressive than females. Therefore, if a child's parents are being aggressive, their actions tend to be imitated. Children are affected very much in different ways from their families. That is why the families’ role in children's life is very important. Families are the key factor in youth violence. The early developmental stages of babies is key to starting a good lifelong learning experience. This is the certain time in which their brains and behavior patterns are significantly developing. Babies need that love and sense of closeness to obtain a healthy start. Obviously mothers who smoke, drink or do drugs while pregnant can cause serious health problems. Also, when they are young most of the time these problems persist. This causes children to have the chance to obtain the same lifestyles as of the parents. Another instance that can hurt a child's well-being is when they are real little around the ages of two to about six. Kids at this age need to be taught and especially loved. When children are neglected or left they do not get the support that they truly need to keep the growing process healthy....
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...institutions in France and foster care in Japan and the U.S. In order to illuminate my concerns it is necessary to first look at some evidence of the outcomes and well-being of children who grew up in “state care” exclusively. Foster care is intended to be a safe and temporary placement for children removed from their homes. Yet there is ample proof that once a child enters into the foster care system their quality of life is almost always compromised. Worldwide caring for abused and neglected children varies greatly. France historically uses institutions to care for their removed children. The prevalence of children placed into state care are removed from one parent families. It was the feeling that institutions were more convenient for the health and safety of the children especially those under three years of age. Another reason was to comfort the parent to foster a feeling that reunification was still possible. Over time the institutions in France reduced their size and increased staff to help facilitate the much needed attachment between care taker and child. Attachment is the need to establish...
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...Impact and Relationship of Substance Abuse and Child Maltreatment: Risk and Resiliency Factors What Research Tells Us Martha Morrison Dore, Ph.D. Columbia University School of Social Work 622 West 113th Street New York, New York 10027 212/854-5461 Paper prepared for presentation at the conference entitled “Protecting Children in Substance Abusing Families,” September 28, 1998, sponsored by the Center for Advanced Studies in Child Welfare, University of Minnesota School of Social Work, Minneapolis, MN. Researchers are just beginning to demonstrate empirically what child protective services workers have been observing for nearly two decades now: many, if not most, families who come to the attention of the child welfare system are involved with drugs or alcohol or both. Founded cases of child abuse and neglect have risen exponentially since the mid-1980s, when the crack form of cocaine, a cheap, easily used form of the drug, became widely available. Studies conducted since that time have identified substance abuse as a contributing factor in 40% to 80% of substantiated cases of child maltreatment (Curtis & McCullough, 1993; Magura & Laudet, 1996; Murphy, Jellinek, Quinn, Smith, Poitrast, & Goshko, 1991). Further, studies of substance abusing parents have found child-rearing beliefs and attitudes that heighten risk for child abuse (Williams-Peterson et al., 1994), as well as elevated rates of first-time reports to child protective services (Jaudes & Ekwo, 1995), re-reports...
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...Infancy, according to Ainsworth, Erikson, and Bandura, and the impact neglect has on development Amy Wiltsie Professor Laura Schwinn, HSV 504 Introduction Childhood neglect endured during the infancy stage of development can influence and have a “snowball effect on their subsequent successes in later stage development” (Broderick & Blewitt, 2010 p. 9). Infancy, the time between birth and 12 months old, is a critical stage of development, as human growth escalates rapidly during the first few years of life. It is a period of growth that is especially sensitive and vulnerable to the effects of maltreatment (Hildyard & Wolfe, 2002). When childhood neglect occurs during this very sensitive period, issues of safety, attachment, and social-emotional functioning are often identified as areas that need immediate intervention. The following paper will focus on the issue of early childhood neglect and the possible effects it can have on development during infancy according to three expert theorists Mary Ainsworth, Erik Erikson, and Albert Bandura. This paper is also written using the stories from “Paul”, (a pseudonym), a victim of childhood neglect: My name is Paul. I was born in 1995 to my mother who was thirteen years old. Her boyfriend, my father, was seventeen. My father was never involved in my life, as he was actively involved in criminal behavior, which ultimately led to...
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...…………………………………………………………………………………………… 3 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………. 4 Causes of Obesity ………………………………………………………………………………… 4 Heredity …………………………………………………………………………………. 4 Social Environment ……………………………………………………………………… 5 Social Status …………………………………………………………………………….. 5 Birth Weight …………………………………………………………………………….. 6 Effects of Obesity ………………………………………………………………………………… 7 Health Effects ……………………………………………………………………………. 7 Mental Effects …………………………………………………………………………… 7 Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………………………. 7 Solutions to Childhood Obesity in The United States of America ………………………………. 8 References ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 9 Abstract Childhood obesity has reached epidemic levels in developing countries especially in the United States of America. Twenty five percent of children in the US are overweight and 11% are obese. Overweight and obesity in childhood are known to have significant impact on both physical and psychological health. This paper describes the causes, effects, and solutions to childhood obesity in the United States of America Childhood Obesity in the United States of America: A Problem-solving Analysis Definition of Obesity Riccairdelli, McCabe, Banfield, S (2002), defined obesity as an excessively high amount of body fat in relation to lean body mass. Obesity also refers to increased...
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...started with us reading the story, The Cardboard Shack Under The Bridge, by Tim Huff, and asking the students many meaningful questions on their interpretations of the pictures and what it means to be homeless. They then rotated around four centres where they got to engage in activities that helped them develop empathy for people who are homeless. Rationale: A classroom that is built around democratic principles will look very different than the average classroom. Often teachers will take on more of the role of dictator than democratic leader which leads to the production of fact wizards as opposed to critical thinkers. In Alison Rheingold’s article titled, Unalienated Recognition as Feature of Democratic Schooling (2012), she says that to teach with democratic principles, “it is necessary to find ways to engage children in practices that foster, rather than diminish, critical thinking and interactions across communities” (p. 2). One goal of...
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...Introduction Malnutrition as defined is the lack of a sufficient quantity or quality of nutrients to maintain the body system at some definable level of functioning. It has been estimated that 37-80 percent of all pre-school children in the developing countries like Philippines suffer from protein calorie malnutrition as assessed by the manifestation of syndromes, nutritional indexes, and weight deviations (Bengoa, 1974). Mild to moderate malnutrition, also called chronic under nutrition, is much more common than severe forms, and is often difficult to recognize. The severe forms are either due to insufficient protein and calories (marasmus) or to an acute protein loss or deprivation (kwashiorkor). At present, when increasing investment in our educational programs is being made to improve the performance of the schoolchildren however, to some extent this are being wasted. Children are not reaching their full intellectual potential consequently, predispose to school failure. In public elementary schools particularly the Kalibo Elementary School I, where malnutrition is prevalent among schoolchildren, it is observed that children has low attention-span, lack interest and decreased ability to focus on tasks, and restlessness. These likely to interfere with their learning ability and in this way resulted to their poor school performance. However, this has yet be proven, whether malnutrition impair the learning ability and school performance of schoolchildren. It is for this reason...
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