...unproven benefits. In addition to promising to clean the vagina of unwanted odors, it can also be used by women who wish to avoid smearing a sexual partner's penis with menstrual blood while having intercourse during menstruation. In the past, douching was also used after intercourse as a method of birth control, though it is not effective (see below). Many health care professionals state that douching is dangerous, as it interferes with both the vagina's normal self-cleaning and with the natural bacterial culture of the vagina, and it might spread or introduce infections. For example, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services strongly discourages douching, warning that it can lead to irritation, bacterial vaginosis, and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Frequent douching with water may result in an imbalance of the pH of the vagina, and thus may put women at risk for possible vaginal infections, especially yeast infections.[1] In May 2003, a randomized, controlled, multi-center study was conducted with 1827 women ages 18–44 who were regular users of a douche product and who had been treated recently for a sexually transmitted bacterial infection or bacterial vaginosis. Women were randomly assigned to use either a newly designed and marketed douche product or a soft cloth towelette. There was little or no indication of a greater risk of PID among women assigned to use the douche product (versus soft cloth towelette). Douching may be related to a lower probability that a woman...
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...Chlamydia Introduction to the disease: Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted disease that is caused by the bacterium called Chlamydia trachomatis. This bacterium is found in semen and vaginal fluid. It’s one of the most commonly transmitted sexual diseases in the UK in the last twenty years and it is a curable disease if detected in an early stage. It affects both sexes but women are more at risk than men; especially young women ages 16-25 years. It is called the “silent killer” because the symptoms are not obvious, they are usually asymptomatic, or they have very few symptoms. The main problem with this disease is that its symptoms are not easily detected until it has spread to other parts of the body. Chlamydia affects 1 in 10 sexually active young person; 8 out of 10 women with the infection have little or no effect. 1 in 100 sexually active people under the age of 25 years are infected with Chlamydia. It’s passed from person to person through sexual contacts either vaginal, oral or anal. Sharing of sex toys such as vibrators can also pass the disease. Chlamydia can also reside inside the cervix, urethra rectum or in the throat or eyes of its victims. It can also be passed to unborn child through childbirth. The symptoms can stay in a person undetected for weeks or months. Some of the symptoms of Chlamydia: - In women, Chlamydia, causes unusual vaginal discharge, bleeding between periods or during or after sex, pain during sex or when urinating, and lower abdominal...
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...Chlamydia Trachomatis Chlamydia is currently one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted diseases in the United States. Chlamydial infections can lead to serious complications when not treated. Although it is an easily treated infection, many cases are not treated simply because it is what is frequently called a “silent” infection. The reason it is referred to as “silent” is because most cases show little to know symptoms. So what exactly is Chlamydia? Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted disease which is caused by the bacterium, Chlamydia Trachomatis. Chlamydia Trachomatis is an obligate intracellular parasite. Its life cycle consists of an elementary body stage and a reticulate body stage. The elementary bodies, much like spores, exist outside the host cell and can enter the cell while preventing digestion of lysosomes. Once inside the host cell, they develop into the larger reticulate bodies that can reproduce by binary fission utilizing the ATP generated by the host and transform back into elementary bodies that exit the host to infect neighboring cells. Chlamydia is the most frequently reported bacterial sexually transmitted infection in the United States. There were 1,330,266 cases in the United States in the year of 2012. Of those cases, 22,889 were in Mississippi alone. As of today there have been 1,091,997 cases reported in the United States, and of those cases, 13,925 have been in Mississippi. Chlamydia is most common among young people. Chlamydia prevalence...
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...1.a. Introduction: Case overview Ventria Bioscience founded in 1993 in Sacrament California by Dr. Raymond Rodriguez a Biologist with the University of California. The company wants to produce a rice product to grow a proteins Lactoferrin and Lysozyme, both are found in human breast milk and can be used to treat diarrhea in children, tourist, military and the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. (Lawrence and Weber, 2013, p. 515) The problem that was facing Ventria was getting it through the regulatory process and the stakeholders before it will be used in the market. There have been some ethical issues that where raised by the rice farmers, consumer advocates, environmentalists, and food and safety activists. If Ventria can overcome the regulatory proceedings and get buy in from its stakeholders, it can be successful in releasing its product for sale. However, in order for them to get this product into the market they will need to convince all of the stakeholders that they can responsibly and safely produce this product. 1.b. The key market stakeholders involved with Ventria, are the rice industry, which include rice farmers and the producers. These two groups are a big part of the market that Ventria is trying to enter. Rice farmers are usually family-owned business’, and rice mills are usually owned by larger organizations such as Agribusiness giants, ADM, Far West Rice, Pacific International, and Sun West. Additional, key stakeholder would include the...
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...lunch he eats a bagel with cheese and some whole milk. Every Wednesday Larry eats cereal for breakfast and has pasta for lunch. He has a history of abdominal pain for the past 10 years. Mr. Garcia’s preferred learning style is visual as he explained in the initial interview. He learning style is visual because he prefers to read the material independently. He does not absorb verbal information easily. Introduction to the disease process for the Patient Education Plan: The disease process usually begins in the rectosigmoid area and spreads proximally. Pathologic change starts with degeneration of the reticulin fibers beneath the epithelial mucosa. This causes occlusion of the subepithelial capillaries and infiltration of the lamina propria with lymphocytes, leukocytes, eosinophils, mast cells, and plasma. The result eventually is abscess formation, necrosis, and ulceration of the epithelial mucosa. This in turn reduces the colon’s ability to absorb sodium and water. (Ludwig, 2007). Ulcerative colitis is a form of colitis, a chronic disease of the intestine, specifically the large intestine or colon, that includes characteristic ulcers, or open sores, in the colon....
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...Mandy Adams Crohn’s Disease Crohn’s disease is an inflammatory bowel disease that causes inflammation of the digestive tract. It usually affects the lower part of the small intestine and can cause pain and diarrhea. This disease can be difficult to diagnose. Crohn’s disease is usually inherited. A person is thirty times more likely to be diagnosed if a family member has it. It is mostly diagnosed in people between the ages of twenty and thirty. The white blood cells that accumulate in the lining of the intestines causes Crohn’s disease. They produce chronic inflammation which leads to ulcerations and bowel injury. People that have Crohn’s disease are found to have high levels of a protein called tumor necrosis factor (TNF) that is produced by the immune system. The earliest, most common symptoms of Crohn’s disease are abdominal pain and diarrhea. Rectal bleeding, arthritis, or skin problems are also possible. Bleeding could be severe enough to cause anemia. Some people may have blood clots or swelling in the legs. Another symptom is episderitis which is inflammation in the white part of the eye or uveitis, which is inflammation of the interior portion of the eye and can cause vision loss if untreated. Osteoporosis and clubbing, which is a deformity of the fingertips, is also possible. Crohn’s disease causes a decrease in appetite sever enough to be deficient in vitamins and proteins. This also causes malnutrition and malabsorption. A fever may be present, but if it is...
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...SCI 162 Final Exam Guide To Purchase this Tutorial Copy And Paste Below Link In Your Browser http://www.homework-bank.com/downloads/abs-497-complete-course-material/ For Any Information or Any Class Which you Did not find on Our Website , Just Hit US Email On below address Email Address: hworkbank@gmail.com Visit Our Website : http://www.homework-bank.com/ SCI 162 Final Exam Guide SCI 162 Final Exam 1. Which of the following is true about communication patterns between men and women? 2. According to anthropologist Helen Fisher, attraction and falling in love follow a pattern based on 3. Ben and Melissa have a very strong relationship where they are able to give and receive emotionally to one another without a fear of rejection or being hurt. This example demonstrates Ben and Melissa 4. Which one of the following is characteristic of intimate relationships? 5. All of the following are fundamental elements of trust, EXCEPT: 6. Terms such as behavioral interdependence, need fulfillment, and emotional availability describe which type of relationship? 7. Medications that may decrease the effectiveness of oral contraceptives include 8. One main advantage of the sponge as a contraceptive device is 9. Which one of the following is not true about condoms? 10. According to Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love, which of the following is true? 11. Lovers tend to pay attention to the other person even when they should be involved in other activities. This is...
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...that allows physicians to examine the abdominal organs. The procedure may be recommended for a patient who has abdominal pain of unknown origin or who has sustained an injury to the abdomen. Injuries may occur as a result of blunt trauma (e.g., road traffic accident) or penetrating trauma (e.g., stab or gunshot wound). Because of the nature of the abdominal organs, there is a high risk of infection if organs rupture or are perforated. In addition, bleeding into the abdominal cavity is considered a medical emergency. Exploratory laparotomy is used to determine the source of pain or the extent of injury and perform repairs if needed. Laparotomy may be performed to determine the cause of a patient's symptoms or to establish the extent of a disease. For example, endometriosis is a disorder in which cells from the inner lining of the uterus grow elsewhere in the body, most commonly on the pelvic and abdominal organs. Endometrial growths, however, are difficult to visualize using standard imaging techniques such as x ray, ultrasound technology, or computed tomography (CT) scanning. Exploratory laparotomy may be used to examine the abdominal and pelvic organs (such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, bladder, and rectum) for evidence of endometriosis. Any growths found may then be removed. Exploratory laparotomy plays an important role in the staging of certain cancers. Cancer staging is used to describe how far a cancer has spread. A laparotomy enables a surgeon to directly examine the...
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...Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treatment Process Inflammatory Bowel Disease, or IBD for short, refers to two forms of inflammatory conditions involving the gastrointestinal tract. Ulcerative Colitis is a chronic disease that affects the colon and rectum, together known as the large intestine. The inner lining of the large intestine becomes inflamed and ulcers could form on the surface. Crohn’s Disease is also a chronic disease that causes inflammation in several parts of the digestive tract (Sklar X10). It can affect anywhere in the GI tract. However, inflammation is commonly found in the end of the small bowel and the beginning of the large intestine (Sklar). It is estimated that twenty percent of people worldwide suffer from IBD (Wangen 27). Patients with IBD are offered no cure because there is no identifiable cause for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. However, treatment is offered to IBD patients to suppress or alleviate these symptoms. The treatment process of Inflammatory Bowel Disease consists of the testing phase, dietary changes, medication, and surgeries. TESTING PHASE Physicians see about three and half million patients a year; almost thirty percent of people who have an appointment with a gastroenterologist, a doctor who specializes in digestive diseases, unfortunately are diagnosed with IBD (Wangen 27). Warning signs for Inflammatory Bowel Disease consists of: extreme abdominal pain, blood in the stool, constant diarrhea, loss of appetite, fever, chronic fatigue, diarrhea...
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...Crohn’s disease is in a class of conditions known as Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). It can also called ileitis, but Crohn’s disease is only a type of ileitis. Its origin began in the 1930s, and was named after Burrill B. Crohn (1884–1983), an American pathologist, who was among the first to describe it. It may affect as many as 700,000 Americans. Both men and women are equally likely to be affected, and although the disease can occur at any age, Crohn's is more frequent among adolescents and young adults between 15 and 35. Crohn’s is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the small intestine and the start of the large intestine. However, the disease can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. Crohn’s disease...
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...Patient Education Plan: Crohn’s Disease NUR/427 Health and Chronic Disease Management Patient Education Plan: Crohn’s Disease Patient Case History The patient is a 24-year-old, Caucasian, female who was recently diagnosed with Crohn’s Disease. She is single and currently lives alone in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The patient admits to eating a poor/unbalanced diet; she cites her busy schedule as the main factor contributing to her poor nutrition. She is not a smoker. Her father’s sister also has Crohn’s Disease but no one else in the immediate family, at least no one that she knows of, has the disease. She was diagnosed after coming to the emergency room with blood in her stool; she has also experienced bouts of diarrhea off and on for the past several weeks. She takes Advil for headaches daily and complains of constant fatigue, which she attributes to stress. Stress can be attributed to her lifestyle; she is a college graduate who is currently enrolled in a Masters program working toward her MBA. She also works as a teller at a local bank. The field is extremely competitive and between the demand of her job and her schoolwork she has limited time left for a social life. She goes on occasional dates and goes out with girlfriends fewer than two nights a week. Because she is a full-time student she spends a large portion of her time on the computer; she is extremely comfortable using the Internet. The patient has a very busy life and a very full...
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...Chlamydia Chlamydia is one of the most common diseases in the United States. The infection is part of a 'silent epidemic' as most cases do not show symptoms and are left untreated. It can cause pelvic inflammatory disease and lead to scarring of the Fallopian tubes causing infertility and higher risk of ectopic pregnancy. The research was carried out at the Molecular Microbiology Group, at the University of Southampton, in conjunction with the Department of Virology, at the Ben Gurion University of the Negev, in Israel. Professor Ian Clarke, from the University of Southampton, says: "This is a very significant advance in the study of chlamydia and we are proud to be the first people to achieve this. "Previously people have been unable to study chlamydial genetics and this has created a barrier to the comprehensive study of this disease. "We, together with our colleagues in Israel, discovered that by treating the chlamydia with calcium ions we were able to introduce a piece of foreign DNA. "This will open up the field of chlamydia research and will enable a better understanding of chlamydial genetics. It could lead to the development of new approaches to chlamydial vaccines and therapeutic interventions." To prove that they had accessed the chlamydial genome, the research team inserted the gene for a fluorescent protein into C. trachomatis which identified the chlamydial-infected cells by making them glow green. Their paper detailing the breakthrough in the study of chlamydia...
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...Paper Regardless of which definition of chronic illness you subscribe to, be it Feldman, Cluff, or Curtin & Lublin, they all share common themes. They all describe a condition that is long lasting and persistent, requiring some medical oversight/treatment and personal retraining. Once a diagnosis is applied, specific treatments are started but the training of the individual is just that, individual. Each person has their own unique learning style. The following describes this process experienced by one patient afflicted with Crohn’s disease (CD). CD is an inflammatory bowel disease affecting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract anywhere from the mouth to the anus. Sometimes confused with ulcerative colitis, CD usually confines itself to the distal small bowel (ileum), large intestine (colon), rectum, and anus. Where colitis only affects the lining of the colon and rectum. The exact cause of CD is not known. It is thought to be an autoimmune disease with a genetic component as this condition tends to run in families. The most common symptoms of CD are cramps like abdominal pain, fever, fatigue, poor appetite, painful bowel movements, persistent diarrhea, and unintentional weight loss. More advanced symptoms include: constipation, eye irritation, rectal fistulas, joint pain, mouth ulcers, bloody stool, rectal bleeding, skin lumps/sores, and swollen gums. CD sufferers are also at greater risk of small bowel and colon cancer. The patient The patient is a 37 year old, Caucasian...
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...DEFINITION OF PROCEDURE EXPLORATORY LAPAROTOMY A laparotomy is a large incision made into the abdomen. Exploratory laparotomy is used to visualize and examine the structures inside of the abdominal cavity. Exploratory laparotomy is a method of abdominal exploration, a diagnostic tool that allows physicians to examine the abdominal organs. The procedure may be recommended for a patient who has abdominal pain of unknown origin or who has sustained an injury to the abdomen. Laparotomy may be performed to determine the cause of a patient's symptoms or to establish the extent of a disease. Advameg, Inc. (2012). Laparotomy, exploratory. Encyclopedia of Surgery. Retrieved November 18, 2012, from http://www.surgeryencyclopedia.com/La-Pa/Laparotomy-Exploratory.html#b A 'look-see' operation usually of the peritoneal cavity, in which the surgeon examines all surfaces for lesions– e.g., abscesses and tumor nodules; during exploratory laparotomy, the operator may biopsy the tissue or obtain peritoneal washings from which a specimen for cytology is processed. Indications: Surgical staging of regional malignancy–e.g., ovarian cancer, complications, adhesion formation. Farlex, Inc. (2012). Exploratory laparotomy. The Free Dictionary. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/exploratory+laparotomy By definition, an exploratory laparotomy is a laparotomy performed with the objective of obtaining information that is not available...
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...#110 Disease of the Digestive System Crohn’s Disease Dr. Juliet Durant Cameron Palmer March 3rd, 2011 Lab Instructors Ashley Simpson Crohn’s disease is an ongoing disorder that causes inflammation of the digestive tract, also referred to as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Crohn’s disease can affect any area of the GI tract, but it most commonly the ileum of the small intestine. The swelling extends deep into the lining of the affected organ and can cause pain; in addition to making the intestines empty frequently, resulting in diarrhea. Crohn’s disease (also referred to as ileitis or enteritis) is an inflammatory bowel disease, the general name for diseases that cause swelling in the intestines. Because the symptoms of Crohn’s disease are similar to other intestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome and ulcerative colitis, it can be difficult to diagnose. Ulcerative colitis causes inflammation and ulcers in the top layer of the lining of the large intestine. In Crohn’s disease, all layers of the intestine may be involved, and normal healthy bowel can be found between sections of diseased bowel. Crohn’s disease affects men and women equally and seems to run in some families. Crohn’s disease can occur in people of all ages but is more often diagnosed in people between the ages of 20 and 30. People of Caucasian decent have an increased risk of developing Crohn’s disease, and African Americans are at decreased risk for developing Crohn’s disease. Several...
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