...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.0 Introduction This chapter serves the general outlook of the research. It will provide the health insurance planning overview, general information regarding the organization, the existing group health insurance plan which provided by the employer (LHDNM), background of study, the problem statement, research objective, research question, hypothesis, and scope of study, limitation of study, significance of study and definition of terms. Firstly, the title of the research is “The Study on the Factors Influencing The Purchasing Behavior of Personal Health Insurance among The Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia‟s (LHDNM) Staff”. There are general overviews of the personal health insurance planning and the background of the organization. After that the researcher will discuss about the background of study, problem statement, research objective and research questions. Besides, the researcher will state hypothesis of the relationship between three independent variables. Then the researcher will attach the scope of study and limitation of study. The next part is the significant of the study and definition of term. 1 1.1 About health insurance planning Health insurance, like other forms of insurance, is a form of collectivism by means of which people collectively pool their risk, in this case the risk of incurring medical expenses. The collective is usually publicly owned or else is organized on a non-profit...
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...Hospital Collaboration and Healthcare Costs Apparently, U.S.A is one of the countries with the highest level of health care expenditure constituting over $ 8000 of the country’s annual per capita income. This health care cost is on the rise and have to be addressed from a distinct health perspective. Hospital merging refers to acquiring of one hospital by another and undertaking its activities either fully or in part to minimize costs and other operation limitations that they face in the American health sector (Ho 2007). Thus, many hospitals merge to boost their market share, acquire more patients with a view of expanding their operations and achieving greater profit margins than those firms that are run separately. Effects of hospital mergers on healthcare costs A number of researches have been conducted on the American health expenditure using a sample of American hospitals from hospitals association in the country. In comparison, independent hospitals were useful as a control sample. These two groups of hospitals gave divergent information that was weighed against national hospital expenditure records. Findings of such studies reveal that merging of hospitals have the potential to cut down on costs of operation in similar to hospitals that operate in isolation but manage their costs effectively (Kaiser Family Foundation 2004). Additionally, very little proceeds accrue from merging of hospitals let alone not increasing influx of patients in merged hospitals. Moreover, hospitals...
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...Reporting Practices and Ethics Paper The most basic challenge of stewardship and integrity in health care is to continue the organization's core mission of healing patients and communities. One of the greatest dangers faced in health care today, especially as agencies struggle to survive in the most competitive market environment is to focus on the fiscal demands which may compromise the mission of the health care agency. Organizations are in crucial times and reports are imperative for its continued maintenance. According to Gerard Magill and Lawrence Prybil, state that stewardship and integrity is an approach that inspires the ethical decision making process in health care in financial reporting and ethical standards (2004). Crucial is the role organizational ethics play to regain lost trust and recover the confidence in communities, in the business or the health care community. “Organizations in health care need to win back the respect of skeptical customers, disheartened patients, and distrusting communities. But this task can be accomplished properly only when organizations and their business practices have a renewed commitment to ethics” (Magill, 2004, p 229). According to Richard Clarke on accountability it is “critical that these organizations use standards for good business practices and implement these sections that are within the capabilities of the organization” (Clarke, 2005 p 160). He continues to state that to ensure the right direction and to reduce conflicts...
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...FACTORS INFLUENCING CONSUMER PURCHASE INTENTION OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENT PRODUCTS IN PENANG ISLAND OOI SAY KEAT Research report in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration 2009 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am grateful. First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to Graduate School of Business, Universiti Sains Malaysia for giving me the opportunity to accomplish this Master of Business Administration course. It has been a pleasant and remarkable experience in my life. My deepest appreciation goes to my supervisor, Dr. Azizah Omar on her unlimited guidance, encouragement and support in steering me through this research. Without her valuable advice and assistance, I may not materialize and complete this research timely. I am also grateful to Mr. Shahidan, for his advice at the early stage of this research. I would like to extend my sincere appreciation to my course mates for their constructive comments and criticisms, which helped me get to where I am. Not forgetting also, my heartfelt gratitude to my colleagues for their generous time to provide insightful comments. Support from you all has not gone unnoticed. Last but not least, I would like to express my gratitude to my parents, family members and friends for their support and understanding throughout my post graduate study. Their unconditional love, patience and encouragement have made this research and my MBA course possible. Thank you so much...
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...Looking back at the history of health care economics it has greatly evolved during it course and will continue to change. There are many factors that have influenced the changes of health care economics. Money and technology has definitely been the reason for the change of health care economics over the years. Money is want makes the economy evolve. There will be advancement in technology and there needs to be people are managing these to keep up with the changes. The U.S. has definitely progressed as far as influencing factors to change in new advancement of technology and medical care. Having a good financial manager in your organization will prepare for these upcoming advancements and changes. Money drives these advancements in providing successful health care industries. Most of the funding that comes to make these changes comes from insurance companies but it also affects patients. Patients have to pay for insurance and the money adds up. It can be very expensive to pay for health insurance as well as medical bills and prescription medication. Today in society we provide services in health care for money. Money creates revenue for the organization can pay for supplies, workers, and other things to keep the organization running. Before money was involved physicians would trade in their skills and work for supplies to help you live such as food, tools, cotton etc. In 1929 the first health care insurance plan was created for population. Before that time there had been some...
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...Healthcare in India follows universal healthcare system run by the constituent states and territories if India. Every state in India promotes health and wellness by raising the level of nutrition and standard of living of its people and improves public health. Government hospitals, some of which are among the best hospitals in India, provide treatment at taxpayer expense where drugs are offered free of charge in these hospitals. Government hospitals provide treatment either free or at minimal charges. For example, according to Wikipedia, For example, an outpatient card at AIIMS (one of the best hospitals in India) costs a one-time fee of rupees 10 (around 20 cents US) and thereafter outpatient medical advice is free. In-hospital treatment costs depend on financial condition of the patient and facilities utilized by him but are usually much less than the private sector. For instance, a patient is waived treatment costs if he is below poverty line. Another patient may seek for an air-conditioned room if he is willing to pay extra for it. The charges for basic in-hospital treatment and investigations are much less compared to the private sector. The cost for these subsidies comes from annual allocations from the central and state governments. In the greater India, the hospitals are run by government, charitable trusts and by private organizations. The government hospitals in rural areas are called the (PHC) primary health center. Major hospitals are located in district head quarters...
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...appropriate health care resources in order to preserve or improve their health status but unfortunately gaining access to healthcare depends on some factors such as financial, organizational and social or cultural barriers that permits or limit the said utilization of services. Therefore having much available health services is not a factor in itself to improve the quality of healthcare but the utilization of such services by all of the people which will depend on affordability and general accessibility of the service. According to Healthy People 2020 (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2012), it is important to have access to quality health care service in order to achieve equity in health and eventually improve the general health status of all Americans. This I think is one of the most important move that the state should make in order to make the vision of having healthy Americans, including all migrants, ethnic and minority groups, by the year 2020. Though free service is not always the key to have access to quality healthcare the state can definitely find ways such as moving funds to have an affordable medical insurance to cover all Americans so that everyone in America can avail of healthcare services as the need arises to have better chances of improving health by making it available and accessible to ever individual at once. Poor access to healthcare also means poor health chance for the...
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...Analysis of Factors Influencing Adequate Funding of Social Health Care in the Tower Hamlets, London DECLARATION I declare that this is my original work and has not been submitted in any other university or institution for examination. Signature Date Student no: Stud - This is to confirm that the work this proposal was done by the student under our supervision. SignatureDate Supervisor 1: For and behalf of (Name of institution) Signature Date Chairperson, Department of ( ) DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my family members for their enduring support they gave for the whole time I was pursuing this project. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First, I would like to thank my supervisor .................... who has guided me in writing this project. More particularly my special thanks go to my lecturers for taking me through the whole course. I am also greatly indebted to my fellow students who were with me throughout the course work. OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS Class A drugs- drugs deemed by the government to cause the most lethal harm when consumed. They attract heavy jail terms including life in prison. Community care- a term used in healthcare policies to mean looking after people with particular needs in the community. Local strategic partnership- a single non-statutory body, aligned with local authority boundaries that bring together at a local level the different parts of the public sector as well as the...
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...Ecosystems Effecting Healthcare Introduction John Hopkins hospital is one of the many health care centers that have been developed due to the social and political conditions that have evolved in the environment. The founder of the hospital, John Hopkins, was influenced by social conditions facing the human population that lead Hopkins to come up with the health care center. Laws and economic conditions that have surrounded communities in the last couple of years have influenced the development of the organization. The major motivation behind the development of John Hopkins hospital is of social factor and is influenced by legislation. The mission of John Hopkins Hospital has been and still, is to improve the health of the community and the world by setting the standard of excellence in patient care. Since the development of the institution in 1862, the mission has been to be the world’s preeminent health care institution by providing the highest quality of care and service for all people in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of human illness. The Johns Hopkins Hospital operates cooperatively and interdependently with the faculty of The John Hopkins University to support education in the health professions and research development into the causes and treatment of human illness. They continue to be the leading health care institution in the application of discovery and because of such the organization attracts and supports physicians and other health care professionals...
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...Running head: Outsourcing Characteristics Outsourcing Characteristics Name CMGT 578 23 September 2013 Professor Scott Goodman Outsourcing Characteristics In this paper, the Outsourcing features will be talked about in great deal and the features will consist of what are the influential aspects in a company determining to outsource. One reason that most companies select to outsource is that they have a prospect to reduce needless expenditure. In addition, the risk engaged in outsourcing will also be reviewed, this risk is that company information is no longer confidential and the partners you selected to outsource currently to have access to all the company information. Faith and professionalism is significant in selecting to outsource to a partner. The advantages of outsourcing will also be conferred in this paper as well. I will explain in detail the method following outsourcing and the company following outsourcing. When establishing whether a company is supposed to, they contemplate many elements and one may be nothing, but the cost cutback. This also has an effect on estimate timelines, project timelines are decreased and the labor cost is cheaper. Many companies that decides to outsource their business because the pay rate is considerably lesser in the region where they would contract out their job. Another deciding element is in the assessment to subcontract the company, they do not have to employ consultant or experts...
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...------------------------------------------------- A Comparative Analysis of UAE and France Economies Submitted to: DR. Asima Shiraz Usama Rehan Khan 4650578 | TBS905 ------------------------------------------------- A Comparative Analysis of UAE and France Economies Submitted to: DR. Asima Shiraz Contents Abstract 2 Introduction to UAE Economy 2 Introduction to French Economy 2 GDP (Gross Domestic Product) 3 Components of GDP 4 Consumption 4 Private Investments 4 Government Expenditures 5 Net Exports 6 Unemployment 7 Inflation 8 Exchange Rate 8 Critical Analysis of Economies 10 France 10 United Arab Emirate 11 Abstract This paper is an attempt to give the comparative analysis of the economies of France & UAE. Both economies vary in their structure, size and opportunities. This work tries to elaborate the economies by discussing variable like GDP, Inflation, Exchange Rate and Unemployment. It tries to give a clear picture of the past trends, factors influencing the variations and future predictions. It also involves the critical analysis of both the economies that what current scenario would shape up the future. Introduction to UAE Economy The UAE has an open economy with high sizable annual trade and per capita income. Since the discovery of oil in UAE more than 30 years ago the country has achieved economic diversification and reduced the contribution of oil and gas to GDP to 25 percent. UAE has transformed itself from desert principalities...
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...Resistance of Nurses in Use of Electronic Documentation The field of health information technology for nursing is rapidly growing. Advancements in electronic documentation for health care, such as the electronic medical record (EMR), can be an overwhelming addition to the workload of nurses. There is resistance by nurses in use of electronic documentation (Sharifian, Askarian, Nematolahi, & Farhadi, 2014). It is this writer’s opinion that nurses are under informed regarding the rationale for changes taking place in documentation and the implications. The purpose of this paper is to provide nurses with the basics of the Federal regulations outlined in the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) and the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009 (HITECH) that require electronic documentation to be compliant and receive reimbursement. It also reviews how data are collected to determine the reimbursement for care (meaningful-use) and its role in evidence-based practice (Wright, Feblowitz, Samal, McCoy, & Sittig, 2014). Included is a review of the negative impact resistance generates on health organization reimbursement and the relevance it has on nurse staffing, jobs, wages, and satisfaction, along with, evidence reinforcing the training and support of nurses as a means to promote proper use of electronic documentation and increase user satisfaction. Federal Laws and Requirements for Compliance Health care...
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...life over the past century. Health care became an area of concern as early as the 1900’s. It was during The Great Depression in the 1930’s when priorities changed with greater emphasis on unemployment insurance and “old age” benefits. Between 1940 and 1950 President Roosevelt asked Congress for “economic bill of rights,” including right to adequate medical care and later on President Truman would offer a national health program plan involving a single system that would include all of American society. Unfortunately, this agreement would be terminated by the American Medical Association (AMA), and is called a Communist plot by a House subcommittee. It wasn’t until the start of the decade during the 1950’s that national health care expenditures were 4.5 percent of the Gross National Product (PBS, 2010), and then later on in the 1970’s an effort brought forth by the World Health Organization planned to achieve “Health for All” by the year 2000. Declaration of Alma-Ata International Conference on Primary Health Care, Alma Ata, USSR, 6-12 September 1978 Governments have a responsibility for the heath of their people, which can be fulfilled only by the provision of adequate health and social measures. A main social target of governments, international organizations and the whole world community in the coming decades should be the attainment by all peoples of the world by the year 2000 of a level of health that will permit them to lead a socially and economically productive...
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...IDENTIFY A HEALTH BEHAVIOR OR DISEASE THAT HAS A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT UPON A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE. The developed world has witnessed a growing trend in contemporary health issues. Society has been subjected to an unprecedented increase in availability and choice, these factors influencing both temptation and convenience within the modern lifestyle. It is recognized that the contributory factors to a person’s health are not confined solely to the body’s biological state, ‘health is seen to be a state valued not in nature, but in society’ (Murcott, 1979). Globally a steady increase in the amount of seriously overweight and obese adults and children has been observed, ‘There are now about one billion people worldwide who are overweight or obese’ (Ford Runge, 2007). Obesity is a major health concern and in danger of reaching epidemic proportions. Overweight and obese individuals risk the distinct possibility of a diminished quality of life and the consequence of developing serious illness and society in general is burdened with the financial implications of treatment. This essay will identify why obesity is a major health issue and examine its causes and associated behaviors. Overweight and obesity are terms that refer to an excess of body fat, the findings of a study conducted by the National Audit Office (2001) states that ‘Obesity is a condition in which weight gain has reached the point of seriously endangering health’. This opinion was reinforced in a report published by...
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...The Business environment The Business Environment 1. Role of Business in the economy The economy favors the existence of businesses, without one the other cannot exist. As they cover all sectors of industry and all walks of society, businesses have come to define the way modern free market or capitalistic economies are setup. The framework and design of various businesses transcends different settings and purposes. The common denominator is for the achievement of set goals, whether it is for profit or not for profit. These settings may be in many industries, such as agriculture, banking, healthcare and manufacturing as well as in the grand scheme of things the national economy itself can be viewed as a business. In earlier in the history of mankind certain activities have been born due to the necessity of running businesses, banking for the funds raised by profits, manufacturing for products to be sold and consumed to complete the retail chain; humanity and business have become synonymous. Throughout history times have been changing meanwhile, business has been changing with them. Economic specialists describe resources manpower, capital, land and entrepreneurship put into the mix to result in the basic business model. As a result civilizations have made commercial activities that come with business their mainstay and this is a prominent role that business plays the modern economy. It drives production, with the trade of the goods and services for value. This...
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