...have controlled performance with standards, its members identifying: goals, measurement and comparisons of actual versus plan, corrective action. -the most basic organisation will have function such as finance, production and sales. -organisations have a purpose whether it is a company producing and selling ice cream, a charity, a tennis club. -organisations are made up at least 2 people. They have purposes, they use resources, to achieve the purposes. They perform activities in a planned and controlled manner. -the common characteristics of organisations are as follow: -each has an identity_ such as name -each has a purpose or objective_ such as written constitution -each relies of people to achieve objectives -each has a form of structure co-ordinating the people in the achievement of their tasks. Types of organisations There are different types of organisations: 1-Sole traders 2-The partnership 3-Companies 4-Franchising The sole trader The sole trader is the most common form of business ownership and is found in a wide range of activities (e.g. window cleaning, plumbing, electrical work, busking). No complicated paperwork is required to set up a sole trader business. Decisions can be made quickly and close contact can be kept with customers and employees. All profits go to the sole trade. But there are disadvantages. As a sole trader you have to make all the decisions yourself, and you may have to work long hours (what do you do if you are ill or want a holiday...
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...consumer products under their own brand names and private labels. Conair brands are quickly becoming household names around the world. Conair is headquartered in East Windsor, New Jersey, with sales and marketing offices in Stamford, Connecticut. The company has large distribution centers in East Windsor, Phoenix, Arizona and a manufacturing facility in Rantoul, Illinois (Conair Corporation 2011). Because of its different distribution centers, locations and corporate offices being so diverse in regards to locations. Analysis of Company’s Organizational Dynamics Within any company, there are two types of organization. Formal Structure and Informal Structure. Both effect the organization and relationships between staffs. The formal Organization refers to the formal relationships of authority and subordinates within a company. While the informal organization refers to the network of personal and social relations that is developed spontaneously between people associated with each other. The primary focus of the Formal organization is the position of the employee, manager holds....
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...------------------------------------------------- Informal organization The informal organization is the interlocking social structure that governs how people work together in practice. It is the aggregate of, norms, personal and professional connections through which work gets done and relationships are built among people who share a common organizational affiliation or cluster of affiliations. It consists of a dynamic set of personal relationships, social networks, communities of common interest, and emotional sources of motivation. The informal organization evolves, and the complex social dynamics of its members. Tended effectively, the informal organization complements the more explicit structures, plans, and processes of the formal organization: it can accelerate and enhance responses to unanticipated events, foster innovation, enable people to solve problems that require collaboration across boundaries, and create footpaths showing where the formal organization may someday need to pave a way. Contents * 1 The informal organization and the formal organization * 2 Functions of informal organizations * 2.1 Perpetuate the cultural and social values * 2.2 Provide social status and satisfaction * 2.3 Promote communication among members * 2.4 Provide social control * 3 Disadvantages of informal groups * 3.1 Resistance to change * 3.2 Role conflict * 3.3 Rumor * 3.4 Conformity * 4 Benefits of the informal organization * 4.1 Blend...
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...CHAPTER IINTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Case Study Selection Compensation is the remuneration received by an employee in return for his/her contribution to the organization. It is an organized practice that involves balancing the work-employee relation by providing monetary and non-monetary benefits to employees.Researcher are interested in doing research on the company becauseresearcher wanted to learn more about control system especially managementcompensation, both theoretical and practical. Lincoln Electric Company one of companies has realize the method of control system especially managementcompensation in their company.In the Lincoln Electric Company, researcher get knowledge of control systemespecially management compensation, particularly its association with corporate profits. However, in its application is often the application of compensation hasexperienced various problems and constraints. So also happened in the LincolnElectric Company.Every company absolutely has a strategy to sustainable them company. The top priority of Lincoln is customer. Company always sensitive with consumer needs.Certainly, the firm’s customer wants to get the best price and the best quality. And, product of Lincoln fulfill it. Lincoln also concerns employee and stockholders needs.Management compensation always was determined by a wage survey of similar jobsin Cleveland area where the company do operational process. Lincoln ElectricCompany is a good example for other company which is concern...
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...Managing People and Organisations 1. With references to the case study, summarise the relationship between goals, objectives and policy and advice the management of Scotia Airways of the contribution each will make to effective managerial performance. Goals determine the nature of inputs (the employees, management efforts) and outputs (quality of service). Goals also determine the interaction it has with its external environment. It is a future expectation. Goals are generically for an achievement or accomplishment for which certain efforts are put. Objectives are specific targets within the general goal, are time-related to achieve a certain task. The words Goal and Objective are often confused with each other. They both describe things that a person may want to achieve or attain but in relative terms may mean different things. Both are desired outcomes of work done by a person but what sets them apart is the time frame, attributes they are set for and the effect they inflict. Comparison chart | Goal | Objective | Meaning: | The purpose toward which an endeavour is directed. | Something that one's efforts or actions are intended to attain or accomplish; purpose; target. | Action: | Generic action, or better still, an outcome toward which we strive. | Specific action - the objective supports attainment of the associated goal. | Measure: | Goals may not be strictly measurable or tangible. | Must be measurable and tangible. | Time frame: | Longer...
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...I am a member of a church that I would consider social. We are all there for members for the same purpose and it runs of a very informal structure. There is the regular preacher, who stays in his position. But with the other members we all take turns as Sunday school teachers, nursery workers, deacons, and treasurer. It offers a very social environment where anyone can voice opinions at any time, or ask for assistance. There is no formal set up of structure to it. The only formal organization that I can think of being a part of would be school. I am a member of the University of Phoenix, AXIA. As a member I have requirements that I must stay current on to maintain my membership. If I default on these I will no longer be a member. There is a structure set up to determine position in every aspect of the organization. One of the main differences between social and formal groups is membership establishment. In the case of social groups membership criteria can be very laid back with little or no qualifying agent. With a formal group membership criteria may be very strict and lay out certain requirements for the applicant to meet. For example, to become a member of a Baptist Church all you must do is prove membership with another church from which you plan to move from, or profess your faith with baptism. To become a member of the local credit union in my city, you must prove that you live within city limits, work in the county, and own a home. Activities for the members of the church...
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...Formal organizations refers to the ‘official’ hierarchy and lines of authority, with their spans of control, and Informal organizations refers to the ways in which official rules are negotiated or subverted through the informal practices of subordinates. Formal and Informal structure in an organization refers to the distinction between procedures and communications in an organization which are prescribed by written rules, and those which depend more upon ad hoc, personal interaction within work groups (Pujari, 2015). Eagle Buses started off as a formal organization. This can be seen in the case study where the director of Eagle Buses had been in charge of the service, although his decisions always had to be reached in negotiation with the chairman of the transport committee, an elected member of the local authority. Even after the change of ruling party, Eagle buses remained a formal organization as the new transport committee chairman determined to make the managers of the bus services, as he put it, ‘be accountable to the electorate’. He also made sure that every decision the Director wanted to make was fully discussed with him and put before his committee for further discussion. The required negotiations between the council officer (the director) and the elected members (led by the chairman) were no longer the formality they had been under the previous regime. Work specialization then occurred as the Company Chairman established a new board of directors which members of...
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...This research paper will help me explain what evolved trends formal organizations will likely have in the future. Since, the structure of formal organizations have a more conventional bureaucratic organizational they may profit in implementing a more flexible organizational structure. Some of the areas that I will investigate are: how formal organizations have evolved over the past century, the differences between formal and informal organizations, what are the current trends in formal organizations, and what are the characteristics needed for formal organizations to evolve. Formal Organizations Over The Past Century: Max Weber developed a typology of organizations from ancient China to modern industrial society, providing the foundation for the sociology of organizations. In particular, Weber was concerned with what he considered to be the most rational form of organization, the bureaucracy, and the authority embedded in it. Weber noted that bureaucracies, prior to industrialization, were large and efficient but were guided by the patrimonial culture and the ruling aristocracy. (In World of Sociology, 2001.) In past centuries formal organizations functioned under what is called conventional bureaucracy. The ideal typical model of Bureaucracy given by Max Weber is the milestone in understanding the functioning of modern government. The Weberian model categorically focuses on two dimensions (i)The Structural, relating to the hierarchical arrangement of positions...
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...party bureaucracy. But to say the party is weak because of this, would be a mistaken belief. On the contrary, what would appear to be the greatest weakness is actually its greatest strength. One thing that is not misconstrued is that the PJ has a very large base. The PJ contains, “membership is nearly 4 million” (pg. 30). It is also “one of the largest democratic parties in the world” (pg. 30). So how can we say this party is so weak, when in its physical size, it is very large. Even if you were to disregard the fact that the PJ is strong in regards to its electoral strength, you still wouldn’t understand Levitsky’s argument. The PJ’s organizational structure has been under researched. Scholars tend to focus on the wrong things. The weak or lack of formal structure tends to “obscure the informal structure that surrounds it” (pg 30). The Peronist may not be highly visible in regards to a party bureaucracy, but is established in unions, homes, and clubs. These things are harder to see in records or statues but provide the party its network to the working or lower class. To understand why the party works this way, you must examine some of its history. The PJ is a “survivor”. It survived the death of Peron, its leader, which is very vital to the history of parties in Latin America. It has also survived, “decades of proscription” (pg. 30). In the late 40’s and early 50’s the PJ was very centralized and consisted of paramilitary supports that were loyal to Peron...
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...Informal Networks: The Company Behind the Chart by David Krackhardt and Jeff Hanson Harvard Business Review Reprint 93406 This document is authorized for use only in SP 2016 B66 OB 565 Leading Change by Ray Sparrowe, Olin Business School from December 2015 to June 2016. This document is authorized for use only in SP 2016 B66 OB 565 Leading Change by Ray Sparrowe, Olin Business School from December 2015 to June 2016. HarvardBusinessReview JULY-AUGUST 1993 Reprint Number RICHARD NORMANN AND RAFAEL RAMIREZ FROM VALUE CHAIN TO VALUE CONSTELLATION: DESIGNING INTERACTIVE STRATEGY 93408 DAVID A. GARVIN BUILDING A LEARNING ORGANIZATION 93402 GEORGE STALK, JR. AND ALAN M. WEBBER JAPAN’S DARK SIDE OF TIME 93409 DAVID KRACKHARDT AND JEFF HANSON INFORMAL NETWORKS: THE COMPANY BEHIND THE CHART 93406 BARBARA PRESLEY NOBLE REINVENTING LABOR: AN INTERVIEW WITH UNION PRESIDENT LYNN WILLIAMS 93410 ROBERT KELLEY AND JANET CAPLAN HOW BELL LABS CREATES STAR PERFORMERS 93405 HBR CASE STUDY IS THIS THE RIGHT TIME TO COME OUT? 93411 WORLD VIEW MANAGING RISKS IN MEXICO 93403 JOSEPH M. JURAN FIRST PERSON MADE IN U.S.A.: A RENAISSANCE IN QUALITY 93404 NANCY A. NICHOLS IN QUESTION WHATEVER HAPPENED TO ROSIE THE RIVETER? 93407 PERSPECTIVES IS THE DEFICIT A FRIENDLY GIANT AFTER ALL? 93401 ALISTAIR D. WILLIAMSON LAURENCE HECHT AND PETER MORICI This document is authorized for use...
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...arise out of and are necessary to informal organization; but when formal organizations come into operation, they create and require informal organizations (Barnard, C. I. 1962). There are actually three forms of formal organizations. The first type of organization is a normative organization. This organization can be joined voluntarily out of a common interest and to perhaps gain some form of prestige. Next we have the coercive formal organization. These types of organizations people are actually forced to join into the organization. We then have utilitarian organizations; these organizations are joined voluntarily and will provide the member with material rewards. Most formal organizations will have their own forms of rules and regulations that members will have to follow to continue within an organization. Formal organizations are known to be systems with activities that are very carefully controlled. The modern day formal organizations are still very much structures much in a manner that incorporates more members of that organization. Organizations remain driven by repetitive practices that have worked for the organizations for years and therefore are rarely changed. Organizations are very driven to be proven as legitimate and want to have longevity in our society. In today’s society this may be a harder task due to the fact there are thousands of organizations popping up every year. In most formal organizations to maintain a structure there are certain work activities...
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...GOALS Organizations are usually consist of the aim of achieving specific goals. he goal s usually determine the direction that the organizations will take over the long term. This is the definition of goals.Although they are not always very specific goals. These goals can help an organization define and clear goals, then measure and actual performance and take corrective action to provide opportunities.There are 4 types of typical goals.Typical goals may include operational goals consumer goals product goals and secondary goals.Among of these operational goals are the largest goal of a company. These will impact on the way in which we as an organization will operate such as environmentally or managing ethically. In organization operational goals not only include product development goals market competition goals but also include social contribution more goals worker treatment welfare goals staff quality ability development goals etc. The operational goals in the tactical level are to improve the economic benefits continuously. As for an organization operational goals are indispensable. Scotia Airways not only establish the airline in major European tourist destinations but also develop the flights to major business centers in Eastern Europe and the Middle and Far East. This is a large goal which confirmed development direction of Scotia Airways over the next few years. And it will help Scotia Airways to save more time and effort. It also could constantly increase economic benefits...
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...CHAPTER 2 A review of related literature and studies, both local and foreign which are relevant in reinforcing the conceptual framework of reference on which this study is anchored, are contained in this chapter. Foreign Studies A recent study was conducted by the Direct Marketing Association (DMA) on the issue of Direct Marketing as a Global Industry. The potential reward are great, and direct marketers continue to venture outside the bounderies of thier native countries. The DMA estimates that Japans’ catalog market was worth $21 Billion in 1996 and that there are 500 catalog marketers competing for that market. A number of U.S firms among the successful competitors, driven by the Japanese desire for U.S products and their need for convenience. A survey few years ago, when the automibile industry was trying to ascertain how to advertise to the emerging women’s market, Ford Motor Company turned to an approach called “Curriculum Theory”. Based on theories of learning that you have probably studied in psychology or consumer behavior classes, “Curriculum Theory” argues that when the purchase is large or otherwise risky, direct marketers must move prospects through a carefully constructed series of steps that will culminate in a purchase. A study was conducted with the L.L Bean in marketing its products in Japan for a number or years. The D.M.A estimates that Japan’s catalog market was worth $21 Billion in 1994 and that there are 500 catalog marketers competing for that...
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...Joy of Chocolate Q1. Suzy started the joy of chocolate with the main goal of surviving. Her consumer goals were to create gourmet chocolates to a very high standard. Suzy worked to offer a unique product and high class chocolates for her customers. She soon built up a reputation for dependability through always delivering orders on time. These are her product goals. Suzy’s secondary goals are, offering products with local connections, enhanced with local produce. Suzy’s objective was to seek out fair trade suppliers. Q2. Formal organization, component of an organization’s social structure designed to guide and constrain the behavior of the organization’s members. They have very strict rules to follow and serious discipline actions. Formal organizations are often places like the army, law firms etc. An Informal organization is more social and relaxed. Informal is fun and outgoing, like a small working family, this can sometimes cause problems for authority figures. Q3. The composition of the Open Systems Theory is all the functions and areas of the company that come together to make the end result. Pest Analysis Political New Employment Laws Government Policies Economic Domestic Growth Interest Rates Tax Rising Competition Swot Analysis Strengths Experience Dependability Quality Unique Q4. Stakeholders are groups of individuals who have an interest in a business. These groups are categorized in to either Internal or External stakeholders...
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...Prefatory: The International Labour Organization (ILO) introduced the concept of the informal sector more than 25 years ago. The informal sector has been understood to mean very small-scale units producing and distributing goods and services, and consisting largely of independent, self-employed producers in urban and rural areas of developing countries, some of which also employ family labour and/or few hired workers or apprentices; which operates with very little capital or none at all; which utilize a low level of technology and skills; which therefore operates at a low level of productivity; and which generally provides very low and irregular income and highly unstable employment to those who work in it. It also includes activities that are carried out without formal approval from authorities and escape the administrative machinery responsible for enforcing legislation and similar instruments. [1] The informal sector, with its enterprising individuals and groups, can be seen as counterbalancing cure to many ill effects of globalization. [2] Firstly, the informal sector absorbs all the victims of globalization—displaced workers, forced retirees, educated unemployed and many more. While the informal sector cannot offer jobs, it can offer income opportunities. In this sense, the informal sector is itself a safety net. Secondly, the informal sector cushions the impact of globalization on the surviving formal sector. It provides a counterbalance...
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