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|Nombre: Jimena Barrera Hijuelos |Matrícula: 2662736 |
|Nombre del curso: Logística Internacional |Nombre del profesor: ANTONIO MIGUEL BOTELLO MOGOLLAN |
|Módulo: Módulo 1: Logística internacional y Supply Chain |Actividad: Actividad 1: ¿Qué nos conviene, proveedores locales o |
|Management |globales? |
|Fecha: 20 enero de 2016 |
|Bibliografía: |
|https://miscursos.tecmilenio.mx/webapps/blackboard/execute/content/file?cmd=view&content_id=_602570_1&course_id=_21746_1&frameset|
|Wrapped=true |

Objetivo:
Analizar diferentes opciones de proveeduría global contra un proveedor local para determinar la mejor opción para la compañía bajo el criterio de costo-beneficio.
Procedimiento:
Para la realización de esta tarea hice lo siguiente: • Abrí mi Blackboard • Entré al modulo y tema correspondiente • Leí y analicé el tema • Entregué en tiempo y forma

Resultados:
Responde a las siguientes preguntas:
¿Qué entiendes por el término logística internacional? Redacta una definición con tus palabras.
Lo que yo entiendo como logística internacional es, el conjunto de actividades asociadas, cuyo objetivo es el flujo de información y materiales a nivel mundial, que inicia cuando se consigue la materia prima en determinado país, para finalizar con la entrega del producto final al consumidor en el país de destino.

¿Cuáles crees que sean las actividades de apoyo de la logística internacional?
Las actividades fundamentales son: ✓ Ventas ✓ Compra de componentes y material ✓ Producción ✓ Fabricación ✓ Entrega
Toma en cuenta que estas actividades son las que permiten que el sistema logístico funcione, explica con tus palabras.
Primero se tiene que generar una venta a promocionar el producto que uno vende o servicio el cual se proporciona, paso siguiente se consiguen todas las materias primas para producir el producto, saber la calidad, el costo, tamaño entre otras cosas. Después se pasa a la producción, donde se realiza e producto el cual se vendió promocionó. Finalizando este paso se pasa a la fabricación, donde se siguen los diseños ya establecidos en la empresa y para terminar la entrega, donde como su nombre lo dice, se le hace la entrega del producto al cliente final.
¿Qué medios de transporte internacional de mercancías conoces?
Existen los aéreos, marítimos y terrestres.
¿Cuáles crees que sean los beneficios económicos que representa el contratar proveedores extranjeros a proveedores locales? Toma en cuenta aspectos de marketing, logística, materiales, costos y mano de obra.
Es una manera de minimizar costos. Se tomaran en cuenta dos aspectos muy importantes:
Para favorecer la compra del producto es necesario que este cerca.
Se considera a los productos exclusivos los cuales pueden estar en cierto lugar para no perder su exclusividad.
Beneficios de tiempo para el consumidor, este es consecuencia del anterior ya que si no existe el beneficio de lugar no puede existir el de tiempo y solo es llevar e producto al consumidor en el momento mas adecuado.
¿Qué oportunidades para incrementar eficiencias en cuanto a optimización de costos y potencializar su mercado crees que pueden brindar la logística?
La logística es sumamente importante para el orden en el que el producto llega al cliente, genera que el producto se “asegure” de llegar bien a su destino y así realizar la venta satisfactoriamente. Para potencializar el mercado la logística genera un papel importante ya que se ponen en practica las 4 p´s; Precio, promoción, plaza y producto.
Menciona dos ejemplos de empresas que consideres que cuentan con una buena logística internacional, y describe por qué.
Para mi un buen ejemplo seria Wall-Mart, ya que como supermercado esta encargado de tener lo que necesitas a la mano y también hay la opción de ayuda con el servicio de las bolsas, si no hay algo que necesitas puedes ir a servicio a cliente para solicitarlo y dar un numero celular cuando este en la tienda.
Otro ejemplo, podría ser la marca Apple, ya que maneja sus productos de manera muy ordenada y con cuidado, tienen una buena distribución y el servicio al cliente de entrega y dudad es excelente.

Analiza la siguiente situación en el caso y contesta la pregunta:
Si la empresa quiere ganar la misma utilidad que ganaba antes, cuando vendía el producto a 550 MXN:
¿Cuál sería el costo máximo de la cotización de cada una de las tres opciones para considerarlo un negocio rentable para la empresa? Expresar el costo en la moneda de cada país, utilizando USD para el caso de China.
El costo quedaría de esta manera: ➢ China 30.00 USD 372 MXN ➢ Italia 24.00 EUR 386.4 MXN ➢ Estados Unidos de América 34.0 USD 425 MXN

Parte 2
Finalmente llegaron las cotizaciones de los proveedores que el Lic. Carlón solicitó. Los precios de los proveedores son los siguientes:
|China |30.00 USD |
|Italia |24.00 EUR |
|Estados Unidos de América |34.0 USD |

¿Cuál de las opciones de proveeduría extranjera cumple con la meta de utilidad por pieza que se fijó AF1?
La que mas conviene para minimizar costos es el almacén en Manzanillo gastando 8000 por los 800 rines.
De las opciones viables de acuerdo con la meta de utilidad en el caso, ¿cuál es la más rentable?, ¿por qué?
La mas rentable es China, ya que de los 800 rines serian $297,600, sale mucho mas barato que comprarlo en Italia y EUA. Mas los costes de transporte que son 8000, sumando esto y dividiendolo entre los dos rines nos da un costo de 382 MXN.

Justo antes de tomar la decisión, el Lic. Carlón vio en el periódico los tipos de cambio actuales.
Considera que el tipo de cambio es diferente:
Tipo de cambio MXN/USD: 12.15
Tipo de cambio MXN/EUR: 16.10
¿Creen que esta nueva información cambia la decisión que se tomaría?
Influye de manera importante el tipo de cambio, ya que muchos de los precios es en dólares o euros, lo que significa que se duplica el costo y se genera un gasto mas a la producción.

Al no estar familiarizado con las importaciones, puesto que AF1 comercializa solo producto mexicano, el Lic. Carlón olvidó agregar el cálculo de aranceles a la decisión. Se obtiene la siguiente información:
Arancel a rines de origen chino: 15% sobre el valor en aduanas.
Quedaría el costo total en = $427.80
Arancel a rines de origen europeo: 5% sobre el valor en aduanas.
Quedaría el costo total en = $405.72
Arancel a rines de origen estadounidense: 0% sobre el valor en aduanas.
Quedaría el costo total = $425
Valor en aduanas: es el costo del producto más la suma de todos los costos incurridos hasta que el material llega a la aduana de entrada del país que lo va a importar.

Dada la nueva información, ¿cuál creen que sea la decisión final de la opción más rentable? Expliquen cómo llegaron a esta conclusión.
La decisión ha cambiado ya que el porcentaje que se le aumenta a los productos chinos es muy ata, se vuelve mas viable conseguir los rines en Italia, cambiando la transportación de Italia a Veracruz, con un costo de 2000 euros.
Si el cálculo anterior lo comparas con el costo de adquirirlo con el proveedor local, ¿cuál de las opciones de proveeduría externa tiene un costo menor del producto sin considerar la utilidad por pieza que AF1 quiere obtener?
Según los cálculos realzados anteriormente es mas viable y rentable es comprarlo en el extranjero ya que se reduce el costo hasta un 10% y se minimizan los cotos para que la empres ahorre.

Parte 3
En parejas, concluyan sobre la importancia del desarrollo de proveeduría extranjera en las compañías y el impacto de la industria frente a sus competidores.
“Los productores mundiales de la industria manufacturera aeroespacial y defensa, automotriz, ingeniería de productos industriales y de metales están colocando sus cadenas de suministro como centro de sus estrategias de negocio para lograr eficiencia operativa e innovación, de acuerdo con el estudio titulado Perspectivas Globales de la Industria Manufacturera 2013 de KPMG International. De acuerdo con la firma, 49 por ciento de los productores mundiales no tienen visibilidad de su cadena de suministro más allá de los proveedores de Nivel 1.” http://www.negociosreforma.com/aplicacioneslibre/preacceso/articulo/default.aspx?id=130958&urlredirect=http://www.negociosreforma.com/aplicaciones/articulo/default.aspx?id=130958&urlredirect=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.negociosreforma.com%2Faplicaciones%2Farticulo%2Fdefault.aspx%3Fid&v=4
Esto demuestra que la proveeduría extranjera es sumamente importante para la cadena de suministro de nuestras empresas, genera ingresos al país y se facilita el trabajo de las mismas.

Conclusión:
En conclusión se puede decir que la cadena de suministro y la logística es importantísima para la realización eficiente y efectiva de la entrega del producto hacia los clientes finales. Influye mucho como la empresa maneje este tipo de logísticas para que los productos tengan éxito y parezcan comerciales.
Finamente me gustaría resaltar que no debemos restarle importancia a las aduanas y a las organizaciones que controlan la entrada y salida del país. Estas son las que pueden definir el destino de nuestro producto si no se maneja bien y en orden las cosas.

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