... This paper will critique a qualitative research study about how nurses manage patients who refuse nursing care procedures. These articles also explains how nurses view informed consent as not being essential to nursing care procedures. PROBLEM STATEMENT The clinical problem being examined in the research study is the way in which nurses obtain consent prior to administering nursing care procedures, and the way nurses manage patients who refuse any nursing care procedures. By stating that nurses “do not regard obtaining consent as an absolute requirement” also stating that “consent is preferred but no considered essential” the significance is established and a clinical problem identified (Aveyard, 2004). The author identifies the need for further education of nurses on the need to obtain informed consent for nursing care procedures, and the need for more research of this topic. The role of persuasion in situations of informed consent has been widely commented on. Many commentators argue that the health care provider has a duty not only to give information but also to persuade the recipient of care to accept the course of action considered most appropriate for the patients’ safety. PURPOSE and RESEARCH QUESTIONS The study clearly identifies the aim of the study as “to examine the way in which nurses manage patients who refuse nursing care procedures (Aveyard, 2004).” The study identifies two main purposes for the research study as: To examine how consent is obtained...
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...18th 2009 The version of this document is: 5 Experts Working Group on data protection and privacy Chaired by: Caroline Gans-Combe Special thanks to the Panel Members: Andrew Bottomley, Duarte Carvalho-Oliveira, Costas A. Charitidis, Eva Del Hoyo-Barbolla, Anne Demoisy, Anna Giovanetti, Walter Hannak, James Houghton, David Morton, François Moutou , Jane Lamprill, Antony Lebeau, David Townend, and Mary Sharp. - Very special thanks to the Ethics Team : Isidoros Karatzas, Mihalis Kritikos, Yamina Cheikh, Paulette Matkovic Ramirez, Marie Cocquyt, Marco Michelini, Stefan de Vos and François Hirsch General disclaimer: this document examines the major concepts of data protection and privacy from the point of view of research ethics. It aims at raising awareness about these concepts in the scientific community and at assisting applicants while preparing to submit their project proposals. It does not seek to discuss these concepts in-depth but provides a general overview of their main parameters and some basic suggestions regarding their handling for the purposes of the European Commission's Ethical Review procedure. This document represents an effort to reflect on the experience gained during the operation of the Ethics Review mechanism and to provide some practical guidance, thus it will be regularly updated. The document contains three sections: → 1. The first section consists of an awareness list which contains the main questions that need to be taken...
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...and assess five ethical principles to be considered when carrying out educational research .Relevant examples should be cited from educational systems in Zimbabwe .Ethical principles encompass morals or rules for distinguishing between right and wrong .This paper is taking an ethic as a method ,procedure or perspective for deciding how to act ,norm for behavior that suits particular aims and goals for analyzing complex problems and issues when conducting educational research .There are several reasons why it is important to adhere to ethical norms in research .Norms promote the aims of an educational research , such as knowledge , truth and avoidance of error for example prohibitions against fabricating falsifying or avoid error .The five ethical principles are now going to be observed and assessed intern as the essay unfolds Definition of terms Educational system Ethics Ethical principles Educational research An examination of five ethical principles to be considered when carrying out educational research The first ethical principle to be considered in this paper is confidentiality ,privacy or protection of anonymity when carrying out educational research .Sales and Folkman(2000) assets that there is need to protect confidential communications ,such as papers , grants submitted for publication ,personal records ,trades or military secrets...
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...qualitative research. These arise primarily from the emergent and unpredictable nature of the methodology involved. The ethical challenges that are pertinent to qualitative research concern the issues of informed consent procedures, the researcher-participant relationship, risk-benefit ratio, confidentiality and the dual role of the nurse-researcher. The aim of this paper is to discuss these ethical issues and illustrate how they may be resolved using examples from a multiple case study. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with students, staff and educators. In the context of research ethics, the challenges that arose during this research project will be...
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...Reading Research Literature #2 Guidelines and Grading Rubric – Week 6 Purpose The student will read research literature to determine the informed consent, study setting, sample size, data collection procedures, reliability and validity, demographic information, variables, data analysis, figures, and conclusions. Course Outcomes This assignment enables the student to meet the following course outcomes: CO 2: Apply research principles to the interpretation of the content of published research studies. (PO #4 and 8) CO 4: Evaluate published nursing research for credibility and lab significance related to evidence-based practice. (PO #4 and 8) Due Date: Submit to the Reading Research Literature #2 basket in the Dropbox by 11:59 p.m. MT Sunday at the end of Week 6. Requirements 1. Download the research articles from the Chamberlain library. Retrieve the following research articles: Sanford, J., Townsend-Rocchicciolli, J., Horigan, A., & Hall, P. (2011). A process of decision making by caregivers of family members with heart failure. Research and Theory for Nursing Practice, 25(1), 55–70. http://proxy.devry.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/853503862/354CEF3F10A4D9CPQ/6?accountid=147674 Schwarz, K. A., Mion, L. C., Hudock, D., & Litman, G. (2008). Telemonitoring of heart failure patients and their caregivers: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Progress in Cardiovascular Nursing, 23, 18–26. http://proxy.devry.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost...
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...been utilized for numerous scientific advancements. HeLa cells were used to build up polio vaccine, in-vitro fertilization, cancer treatment, AIDS research, Gene mapping, cloning and so much more. The HeLa cells were also sent to space to test the effects of zero gravity. Though Mrs. Lacks died early, she gave her invaluable tumor cells as a gift which is being used in research and will be used for many years to come. The research by scientists on HeLa cells brings up numerous ethical, legal and social issues encompassing Henrietta Lacks cells, known as HeLa cells. It raises the basic issues concerning the privileges of patients who have had tissue removed and utilized for discovery of new medications. Regardless of ongoing scrutiny of the ELSI issues in HeLa cell line controversy, the whole genome sequence of HeLa cells was published by JJ. Landry along with his team of researchers in 2013. They did not break laws or rules by doing so. As...
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...Reflection Paper Juli J. McFarland Liberty University May 22, 2014 Abstract This paper will summarize ideas learned while reading chapter 10 of “Christian Counseling Ethics” written by Randolph Sanders. It will discuss care for clients wrestling with homosexual preference. It will also discuss care for clients trying to find their sexuality. The paper will discuss disputes and ethical issues for working with sexual minority clients. It will also discuss embracing multicultural concepts when working with sexually minority clients. It will discuss the importance of informed consent when working with sexually minority clients. It will also discuss the referral process when working with clients. Then the author will discuss what the chapter means to them. They will discuss different ideas and concepts taken from the chapter. Lastly, the author will discuss the action they will take as a result of the information learned in the chapter. Summarize This chapter focuses on treating people who are confused with their sexuality or those with the homosexual preference as a Christian clinician. A Christian clinician must focus on ethical guides to treat clients. “Those guides include competence, integrity, client well-being and respect for client autonomy.” (Sanders, R. K. 2013) In order to become competent in treating sexual minority clients you must become knowledgeable of history, cause and research related to the topic. You will then be able to apply the knowledge to the...
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...I believe that TeLinde and Gey had a right to biopsy Henrietta’s cells for testing to understand the disease process to help the diagnosis and treatment of the patient but not for the use of research. Both Telinde and Gey should have specifically asked for informed consent on this matter and explained the entire process of cell research in lay terms to ensure the patient is actually informed on the procedures and what follows the procedure. The obligations to Henrietta and her family were nonexistent. Telinde and Gey should have told the family about the research and how it was progressing instead the family heard it from the news and papers. Henrietta and her family should have had some profits form the cell research, at least...
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...Research Critique Part 1 Jenna Franz Grand Canyon University Introduction to Nursing Research NRS-433V Mary O'Connell September 5, 2013 Research Critique Part 1 This paper will critique a qualitative research study published in the Journal of Medical Ethics in 2004, By Dr Helen Aveyard, about how nurses manage patients who refuse nursing care procedures. The article explains how nurses view informed consent as not being essential to nursing care procedures. Problem Statement The clinical problem being examined in the research study is the way in which nurses obtain consent prior to administering nursing care procedures, and the way nurses manage patients who refuse any nursing care procedures. By stating that nurses “do not regard obtaining consent as an absolute requirement” also stating that “consent is preferred but no considered essential” the significance is established and a clinical problem identified.(Aveyard, 2004, p. 346) The author identifies the need for further education of nurses on the need to obtain informed consent for nursing care procedures, and the need for more research of this topic. Purpose and Research Questions The study clearly identifies the aim of the study as “to examine the way in which nurses manage patients who refuse nursing care procedures.”(Aveyard, 2004, p. 346) The study identifies two main purposes for the research study as: 1- To examine how consent is obtained prior to nursing care procedures, 2- To explore the ways in...
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...Informed Consent 1 Running Head: HUMAN SUBJECTS Human Subject’s Comprehension of Informed Consent Informed Consent 2 Statement of the Problem A primary protection of the rights of clinical research subjects revolves around the concept respect for persons and the provision of informed consent (Belmont Report, 1979). Legal and ethical policies and guidelines enforce that research participants give informed consent prior to voluntary enrollment in a research study (Code of Federal Regulations,1999). However, the informed consent process presents some major challenges for study participants and research staff. Several papers have addressed problems with the current process. Brady (2003) identifies the following issues: subject’s hesitation to ask detailed questions, variable presentation of the content, and difficulty verifying the subject’s comprehension. Also, a survey performed by Center Watch in 2002 found that 14% of subjects did not read the consent before signing it and a high percentage of volunteers admitted to not fully understanding the risks and not knowing what questions to ask. The concept of “therapeutic misconception” (Joffe, Cook, Cleary, Clark, & Weeks, 2001) in research is another problem that has received much attention in both legal and bioethics literature. It is important that potential subjects are aware that...
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...Accountability of Nursing Professionals for Patient Safety Practices Related to Informed Consent Lavonia Deanne Bishop Grand Canyon University NURS-430V Professional Dynamics 23-Aug-2010 (0106) September 19, 2010 Accountability of Nursing Professionals for Patient Safety Practices Related to Informed Consent Accountability in nursing can be defined as the state in which the nurse is responsible for upholding a professional agreement with the patient to provide services and be held answerable for the outcomes of behaviors related to these services (Hood, 2010). One of the main areas we are held accountable for as professional nurses is the safety of our patients. After an evidence-based review of patient safety practices, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality has identified numerous opportunities for quality improvement. The practices identified were rated by strength of evidence, with the highest rated being listed first. This paper will examine practice number five, asking patients to recall and restate what they have been told during the informed consent and the responsibility of the professional nurse in this process. The Informed Consent Process According to Terry (2007) informed medical consent occurs when a patient autonomously and expressly permits a professional to perform a medical act on that patient or include the patient in a research project. Patients are now encouraged to be more informed consumers and take an active part in their own healthcare. Terry (2007)...
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...are established ethical principles to protect human participants in biomedical research from undue exploitation by researchers. However, in the “Tuskegee Study” in the US, these principles were grossly violated. The task of this paper is to critically examine the ethical implications of that study on future practices in biomedical research, and to suggest ways of ensuring that such practices comply with appropriate ethical values. Key Words Bioethics, Biomedical research, clinical research, Tuskegee Study, paternalism, morality Introduction From time to time human beings experience health challenges, whether physical or mental. On its part, medical practice has made considerable progress towards combating or controlling many of these challenges. It is through research that the nature, symptoms and effects of ailments can be ascertained and remedies discovered. Medical researchers engage in both therapeutic and non-therapeutic research. Therapeutic research is that carried out with the purpose of treating disease. On the other hand, non-therapeutic research is aimed at 76 Adebayo A. Ogungbure furthering the frontiers of knowledge about human health. Furthermore, researchers and physicians often use human beings as objects of scientific investigation, raising certain ethical concerns, including the issue of informed consent and how consent is obtained, selection of participants in research, the welfare of human subjects involved in...
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...established ethical principles to protect human participants in biomedical research from undue exploitation by researchers. However, in the “Tuskegee Study” in the US, these principles were grossly violated. The task of this paper is to critically examine the ethical implications of that study on future practices in biomedical research, and to suggest ways of ensuring that such practices comply with appropriate ethical values. Key Words Bioethics, Biomedical research, clinical research, Tuskegee Study, paternalism, morality Introduction From time to time human beings experience health challenges, whether physical or mental. On its part, medical practice has made considerable progress towards combating or controlling many of these challenges. It is through research that the nature, symptoms and effects of ailments can be ascertained and remedies discovered. Medical researchers engage in both therapeutic and non-therapeutic research. Therapeutic research is that carried out with the purpose of treating disease. On the other hand, non-therapeutic research is aimed at 76 Adebayo A. Ogungbure furthering the frontiers of knowledge about human health. Furthermore, researchers and physicians often use human beings as objects of scientific investigation, raising certain ethical concerns, including the issue of informed consent and how consent is obtained, selection of participants in research, the welfare of human...
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...Ethical Principles Paper PSY/305 Name Date Instructor: Henrietta (Loretta) Pleasant, born in August of 1920 in Roanoke, VA, was an African American woman who was raised by her grandfather in a small cabin on a plantation. At the age of 14, she gave birth to her first child, a son, followed by a daughter four years later. She married the father of her children, her first cousin David Lacks, shortly thereafter. After having moved to Maryland for work, the couple had three other children. The last, Joseph, was born in November of 1950, and two months later, in January of 1951, Henrietta went to the hospital with abnormal bleeding. A malignant tumor of her cervix was discovered, and was treated with radiation therapy, which was ultimately unsuccessful. Mrs. Lacks died on October 4, 1951, at the age of 31. During the course of her treatment for cervical cancer, a section of the tumor was removed and sent to the pathology lab. While being treated with radiation, two more samples (one of healthy tissue, and one of cancerous tissue) were also removed without Henrietta’s consent or knowledge. These cell samples were given to Dr. George Otto Gey, a scientific researcher who had spent years trying to figure out how to keep cells alive outside the human body. In Henrietta’s cells, he found his answer. The cell line grown from Henrietta Lack’s sample, now known simply as HeLa, has been utilized in research and medical labs throughout the world since the 1950s. The controversy ...
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.... Inform Consent Draft • Purpose of the research: Primary purpose of the study it to determine whether child abuse rates can be decreased through intervention programs with mothers being treated for substance abuse. It is conducted by the principle investigator Dr. Johns. • Procedures involved in the research: The criteria to use to determine the risk would be Parenting Stress Index and a test of knowledge of child development. Using the plan, after determination, those who are at risk would then be randomized to receive either to receive social work visits alone or the experimental intervention involving counseling, a brief education program on child development, and regular social work visits. After six months control group participants...
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