...Bluetooth and Infrared Technology Technology has grown so much over the years, thinking back to my childhood when I first saw a remote control and was over the moon with excitement. No more getting up to change the channels, that was my first thought. The first time I saw a cell phone, having to hold that big clunky thing up to your ear throughout an entire conversation was a chore. Now when you do any of these things, you see such advancements that come from two of the most popular technologies that have come to be. Bluetooth and Infrared, both have been around longer than most of us know. During my research for this paper, I learned that Infrared is where we get our remote controls for TV, for which all 80’s children are grateful, we no longer had to come inside to change the channels for our Moms. I have learned where these technologies came from, what they are used for, the people and companies that buy them, and what we can look forward to in the future. Bluetooth is a wireless technology that allows data to be exchanged over short distances using short wavelength radio transmissions. This technology is built into of plethora of products that allows them to exchange information over a wireless connection, or in basic terms, it allows one device to talk to another without wires. Two devices must be paired together in order to share. Several devices can be connected to a single Bluetooth, such as PDAs, mobile phones, laptops, computers, printers, controllers...
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...* DISPENSER * IR LEDS * SENSOR * INDICATOR * LAVATORIES * PHOTOTRANSISTOR * INFRARED * GALLIUM * ARSENIDE * PHOTORESISTOR(LDR) * RELAY * TELEGRAPH CIRCUIT * PROTECTIVE RELAY * IC BURNER DISPENSER One that dispenses or gives out, especially a machine or container that allows the contents to be removed and used in convenient or prescribed amounts. IR LEDS An IR LED, also known as IR transmitter, is a special purpose LED that transmits infrared rays in the range of 760 nm wavelength. Such LEDs are usually made of gallium arsenide or aluminium gallium arsenide. They, along with IR receivers, are commonly used as sensors. The appearance is same as a common LED. Since the human eye cannot see the infrared radiations, it is not possible for a person to identify whether the IR LED is working or not, unlike a common LED. To overcome this problem, the camera on a cellphone can be used. The camera can show us the IR rays being emanated from the IR LED in a circuit. SENSOR A sensor (also called detector) is a converter that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an (today mostly electronic) instrument. For example, a mercury-in-glass thermometer converts the measured temperature into expansion and contraction of a liquid which can be read on a calibrated glass tube. A thermocouple converts temperature to an output voltage which can be read by a voltmeter. For accuracy...
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...BMS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Avalahalli, Doddabalapur Road, Bangalore-64 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING TERAHERTZ TECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS Subject Title: Microwaves & Radar Name: Hamsini Poovamma B S USN: 1BY12EC014 Batch & Sem: V A Staff Incharge: Mrs Rashmi N, Asst.Professor Dept. of Electronics and Communication BMS Institute of Technology Signature of Student Signature of Faculty Signature of HOD TERAHERTZ TECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS Terahertz (THz) is Far-Infrared radiation located between microwaves and infrared in the electromagnetic spectrum. It is low-energy, non-ionizing radiation which can penetrate many non-polar, non-conducting materials such as clothing, paper, masonry or plastic. They can penetrate fog and clouds. Their wavelength corresponds revealingly with bio molecular vibrations. Terahertz radiation, also known as t-rays, has wavelength of 3-100 cm-1. Terahertz radiation was discovered in 1896. Unless they're at a temperature of absolute zero (−273.16°C), all objects, animate and inanimate, give off terahertz radiation (called T-rays), the heat from molecular vibrations. No one knew how to make T-rays bright enough to actually use in the everyday world. Attempts with semiconductors produced only wimpy T-rays, 1/2,000th of a watt at most. One way to make terahertz radiation...
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...through which near-infrared light passes, deoxygenated haemoglobin in the blood flowing through the veins absorbs near-infrared rays, causing it to be visible as black regions to the scanner. Arteries and capillaries, whose blood contains oxygenated haemoglobin, which does not absorb near-infrared light, are invisible to the sensor, hence we chosen “VEINS”. Fujitsu research is the one main company which has come up with first basis of “PALM VEIN TECHNOLOGY". Reflection photography: There are two types of vein photography- 1. Reflection Reflection is more useful technique at low ambient temperatures as blood flow decreases at cool temperatures. 2. Transmission At cool temperatures transmission method provides low contrast images. Advantages: 1. Very economical. 2. Highest factor of security. 3. One time registry and usage throughout life. 4. More advantageous than other biometric techniques. Applications: 1. Managements in healthcare. 2. Operator authentication. 3. Owner authentication. 4. Attendance authentication. Pal vein authentication: Palm vein authentication uses the vascular patterns of an individual’s palm as personal identification data. Compared with a finger [1] or the back of a hand, a palm has a broader and more complicated vascular pattern and thus contains a wealth of differentiating features for personal identification. The palm is an ideal part of the body for this technology; it normally does...
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...RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1. What other products are similar to bamboo charcoal fabric? 2. How does bamboo charcoal fabric help neutralize the harsh odor found in clothing, towels and other garments? 3. Please provide information on the differences between other laundry odor neutralizers and bamboo charcoal odor neutralizers? 4. What is the average size of a laundry basket and laundry hamper? 5. Please provide the sizes of a small, medium, and large laundry basket. RESEARCH ANSWERS Introduction Bamboo Charcoal being used in fabric is a relatively new concept, but people are catching on to this discovery and it has become a popular and eco-friendly choice for linens and towels. Bamboo charcoal is made by heating bamboo fibers at high temperatures of 800-1000 degrees Celsius. Once the bamboo has been turned into charcoal it is processed into nanoparticles. Using nanotechnologies these bamboo charcoal nanoparticles are then blended together with organic bamboo fibers and woven into yarn. Bamboo charcoal yarn is used to make the new line of towels, clothing and other garments. The many positive qualities of bamboo charcoal fabric include: Easier on sensitive skin – The fabric inhibits bacterial metabolism causing fewer allergic skin reactions than other fibers sterilized with antimicrobial agents. Reduces Static buildup – This is a conductive material so it keeps a balanced charge in fabric to help reduce static buildup. Superior Absorption & Deodorizing Ability –...
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...Infrared Technology Infrared (IR) light cannot be detected by the human eye. It has an energy factor that is two or three less than visible light and so the retina cannot be triggered to see it. So, when applied properly, infrared light can be used to help the human eye see things that were not fathomable beforehand. Infrared light doesn’t give off much energy and therefore is not very hot. When objects aren’t hot enough to give off visible light, it gives most of its energy in the Infrared Spectrum and is used in science, art and more. Chances are that people use something that is involved with Infrared technology every day, but they do not even realize it! Infrared technology is used in simple household commodities like remote controls to security procedures at the airport security to discovering lost art in art museums. Infrared light is used all around us! Infrared light is used in thermal imaging where an Infrared camera is used to measure the temperature of an object, which is then transferred into a color. The warmest areas will show up as red and then descend to the coolest parts that show up as blue and violet (Oppenheimer). This can even be seen as a picture effect in the PhotoBooth camera application on most Mac computers! Infrared heat-sensor cameras are used for many occupations. They are used to detect insulation losses from homes which can majorly impact a family’s energy use at home and reduce their bills. They are also used for security reasons like border...
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...IT242 Wireless Signals There are four different types of wireless signals in the spectrum. These are radio signals, microwave, satellite, and infrared signals. Each of these types has their proper uses as well as limitations. Radio frequencies include VHF, UHF, and shortwave radio. These are used to get a station on your car radio or to tune into a television station. Limitations of radio frequencies include distance degradation compared to bandwidth space in low frequencies. High frequencies tend to need a direct line-of-sight to get a good signal. Electrical equipment can interfere with all frequencies of radio signals. Microwave signals use electromagnetic energy to send signals at a higher frequency than radio. These signals are used in telecommunication, WIFI, and Bluetooth technology. As with radio communication, microwaves are also susceptible to interference from other electrical equipment. Satellite signals are relatable to microwave transmissions. A satellite is in orbit that sends and receives signals to receivers. The most common use for people are television, internet, and mobile telephone services. A major limitation that I run into is stability. When a storm comes through we can loose our signal due to line-of-sight issues. The final wireless transfer style is Infrared. IR systems use light to send signals. This type is used in remote controls, Palm devices, and laptops. The light is just below the visible spectrum...
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...INDIAN INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING (IIITD&M) KANCHEEPURAM GARBAGE SORTER Submitted by R Subhashini IIITDM KANCHEEPURAM JAN-MAY 2011 1|Page INDEX Chapter no Contents Pg No Abstract 4 1 Mission statement 5 2 QFD 7 3 Existing products 9 4 Concept generation and selection 12 Phase 1 Segregating lighter and heavier material 13 Phase 2 Segregating sand from heavier materials 15 Phase 3 Crusher 16 Phase 4 Metal detector 14 Phase 5 Segregating plastics 20 Phase 6 Segregating glass 28 5 Pro e models 31 6 Specifications 33 7 Block diagrams 35 8 PLM 37 9 Conclusion 42 2|Page References 43 List of figures 1 Quality function deployment 8 2 Manual sorter 9 3 Garbage sorter in Malaysia 10 4 Separation of metal by eddy current technique 16 5 Identification of plastics based on wavelength 20 6 (a) Plastic identification by spectroscope 22 (b) Plastic identification by laser diode 22 7 Identification of plastics 24 8 Separation of glass 25 9 Block diagram of garbage sorter 31 3|Page Abstract In recent years, environmental issues have drawn more attention and a wide Variety of regulations and measures are being enforced all over the world. Waste disposal is one of the biggest concerns for...
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...EYE BLINK SENSOR & ACCIDENT PREVENTION Abstract: Description: The Objective of this project is to develop a system to keep the vehicle secure and protect it by the occupation of the intruders. Scope: We can’t take care of ours while in running by less conscious. If we done all the vehicles with automated security system that provides high security to driver, also gives alarm. Function: This project involves measure and controls the eye blink using IR sensor. The IR transmitter is used to transmit the infrared rays in our eye. The IR receiver is used to receive the reflected infrared rays of eye. If the eye is closed means the output of IR receiver is high otherwise the IR receiver output is low. This to know the eye is closing or opening position. This output is give to logic circuit to indicate the alarm. This project involves controlling accident due to unconscious through Eye blink. Here one eye blink sensor is fixed in vehicle where if anybody looses conscious and indicate through alarm. CONTENTS 1. Introduction ……....……………….………………………………..……6 2. System Model…….……………………………………………….…….7 2.1 Basic Model of The System …….…..……………………..…….7 2.2 Circuit Diagram …….……………………………………..……...8 2.3 Parts of The System …………………………...………..………..9 2.3.1 IR Sensing Circuit………..…….………..……………….9 2.3.2 Alarm Circuit……..………………………………………11 2.3.3...
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...touches the desk when it is moved. When the ball moves the motion is detected by two perpendicular axis, one which detects x axis directional motion and the other y-axis direction motion. Tracking Ball Perpendicular axis motion detectors Hole in which track ball would sit The diagrams above show the tracking ball and the hole in which the tracking ball sits. You can see the x and y axis motion detectors of which the y-axis detector lies 90° from the x-axis detector. These motion detectors are also known as rollers. When the mouse is in use the tracking ball moves moving one or both of the rollers. Each roller is connected to a shaft, which spins a disc. The disc has holes in it and next to the disc is an infrared LED and an infrared sensor. As the disc spins the hole in the disc breaks the beams of light generated by the LED and the sensor picks up these pulses of light. The speed of the pulses is related to how far the mouse has travelled. If the disc spins faster the further the mouse would have travelled. A diagram below shows one of these discs. LED light LED sensor Disc Shaft So from the mouse...
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...them. Subsequently, the analysis of the conception, longevity, and perishing of stars is dominant to the subject of astronomy. Astronomers depend on electromagnetic emissions observed by unique variations of telescopes to calculate the position, structure, conditions, activity, and magnetism of celestial objects. The conduct of the majority of stars indicates they generate a certain measure of energy at each wavelength however additionally carry a pinnacle wavelength and range in which they discharge a significant amount of their remaining stamina. Electromagnetic radiation is transmitted by means of waves at the speed of light (299 792 km/sec) through space. Electromagnetic waves consist of marginal frequency radio waves with the aid of infrared energy and observable luminosity to ultraviolet radiation x-rays as well as high frequency gamma radiation. Alongside one another, a majority of these waves constitute the electromagnetic spectrum. Electromagnetic waves are distinguished by their frequency and wavelength that happen to be inversely affiliated: the more substantial the wave's frequency, the more limited the wavelength (Tools, 2004). Telescopes render the methods to accumulate and explore, and evaluate electromagnetic radiation...
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...battles. The manufacture strategies will ensure that the device is efficient, flexible, and efficient. This ensures that the device is authentic and adaptive to battle grounds where few journalists dare report. • Company Information The company is a technological firm developed that prides in being in the fore front is using creativity and innovation in technology to design products that are crucial at tackling notable problems in the society. Therefore, it is a problem-driven company that always seeks and come up with great solutions for the technological problems. Therefore, the idea of developing a remote controlled camera came after identifying a problem in which journalists risk their lives trying to capture information and videos at battle grounds. These journalists often place their lives at stake when they make this decision. This is because the kind of information that can be captured in these settings can be of great interest to many people and thus it can lift the reporting status of the journalist. With the lives of these journalists in mind and following the availability of technology within the disposal of the company, the idea popped up. • Growth Highlights The company is likely to grow at a rate of 14 percent per annum for the next three years because it aims at the production of effective products, which will be promoted through rapid advertisements. The economic friendly nature to be imposed on the products...
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...Conclusion Shinichiro Haruyama 2 1. Visible light communication Shinichiro Haruyama 3 1. Visible light communication Visible Light communication is a wireless communication technology that uses light that is visible to humans. Typical example of visible light communication: the use of LED illumination as a transmitter LED Lights Receiver Why do we want to use visible light for communication? Shinichiro Haruyama 4 Reason 1: Visible light communication is not regulated. Radio Wave and Light Wave Frequency (Hz) Ultraviolet light Visible light Infrared light Light Wave Radio Wave 16 10 15 10 1014 13 10 3THz 12 1THz 10 11 10 1010 9 1GHz 10 108 Visible light communication Frequency above 3THz is NOT regulated by the Radio Regulation Law . Wireless LAN Cellular phone TV FM radio The use of radio frequency below 3THz is regulated by the Radio Regulation Law . 7 10 1MHz 106 AM radio Visible light communication is not regulated, so it is fairly easy to introduce new products , though safety regulation of high-power LED light has been already discussed. Shinichiro Haruyama 5 Reason 2: Visible light LED will be used everywhere. Infrared light is already used for communication, such as wireless remote control , IrDA, Infrared wireless LAN, and infrared interbuilding communication. However, visible light LEDs are beginning to be used in every home and...
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...Trail Cameras Also known as ----- Game Cameras/Scout Cameras/Wildlife Cameras/Bird Cameras/Surveillance Cameras What are they? A combination of digital imaging technology and passive infrared sensors which give you the ability to monitor the woods, homes, gardens, etc. The inexpensive models use a strobe flash and the more expensive models use a night vision flash (LEDs) which is invisible. Snapshots and Video capability to capture objects when the sensors go off mainly at night but can be used in daylight also. Typically they come with basic accessories such as straps and other fastening devices and with metal box containers. They come with cameras from 0.3MP (VGA) up to 12MP and more. However, most companies do not state the true sensor resolution anywhere visible prior to purchase but state the highest interpolation resolution they can (you may find the sensor resolution stated in some instruction manuals). What are they used for? Predominantly marketed for deer hunting (although images typically capture bears, mountain lions, etc.) they also can be used for general wildlife, in gardens, on ranches, home surveillance, birding, and other activities. There would appear to be a fairly large market for birding and general wildlife but only a couple of companies go after this market. One challenge to open up the marketing of this type of product is to come up with a name to capture all the markets (deer hunting, birding, wildlife...
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...proximity sensing —an IR LED emits infrared light and an IR photodiode generates a photocurrent which varies with the amount of incident light. Both emitter and detector have a center wavelength of devices are especially designed for proximity sensing —an IR LED emits infrared light and an IR photodiode generates a photocurrent which varies with the amount of incident light. Both emitter and detector have a center wavelength of devices are especially designed for proximity sensing —an IR LED emits infrared light and an IR photodiode generates a photocurrent which varies with the amount of incident light. Both emitter and detector have a center wavelength of devices are especially designed for proximity sensing —an IR LED emits infrared light and an IR photodiode generates a photocurrent which varies with the amount of incident light. Both emitter and detector have a center wavelength of devices are especially designed for proximity sensing —an IR LED emits infrared light and an IR photodiode generates a photocurrent which varies with the amount of incident light. Both emitter and detector have a center wavelength of vv devices are especially designed for proximity sensing —an IR LED emits infrared light and an IR photodiode generates a photocurrent which varies with the amount of incident light. Both emitter and detector have a center wavelength of v devices are especially designed for proximity sensing —an IR LED emits infrared light and an IR photodiode generates ...
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