...BENCHMARKING IN BRAINSTORM Asko Karjalainen 2002 “Our task is to try to redefine benchmarking by using new concepts and surprising metaphors.“ D uring the last decade quality assessment phenomenon called benchmarking has expanded very rapidly.( By using the expression “assessment phenomena“, I will now underline the importance of reflection. Benchmarking must be set to the test of the creative and critical thinking.) Benchmarking stories are told all over the organisations, also in the public sector. And some stories they are! They are success stories about growing efficiency, great improvements, with an undertone of enthusiasm and promising visions. In those narratives benchmarking is introduced as the modern management tool as well as the most effective quality enhancement method. It seems that benchmarking really works. Why is it so? There may be many practical reasons like “building on the work of others makes sense“, “it can lead to cooperation“ or that the method is concrete and well documented (Keehley, et.al 1997) However, it should be self-evident that any method adopted from the business life, is most likely to fail in defensive organisations like the universities.( Some further critics of the benchmarking, see for example Gooden & McCeary, 2001, Dervitsiotis, 2000; Palfreyman, 1999).) Surprisingly enough, this seems not to be true with benchmarking. There is an increasing interest to apply benchmarking in the higher education organisations (Schofield...
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...April Baylor March 17, 2012 SED-444 Alicia Leach Design Model ADDIE Model Systems Approach Model Kemp’s Instructional Design Model Instruction Design Perspective Developmental/Cognitive Behavioral Developmental/ Cognitive Instructional Strategy Cooperative Learning, Discovery and Questioning Cooperative Learning, Discovery and Questioning Cooperative Learning, Discovery and Questioning Description The Addie Model is a five-phase instructional design that consist of the following: Analysis: identify the environment (audience), goal, objectives and strategies which can be also called the pre-planning phase. Design: write instruction for the learning unit Develop: build content, assignments, assessments which are both formative and summative and develop course materials Implement: Begin teaching and giving instruction. Evaluate: Ask questions? What was done, how was it done and how can you do better? (perform assessments) (Clark, 2000) It is a procedural system including ten major process components: Know your students’ needs so you can know your goals when teaching: Assess the student to set learning objectives and goals Conduct instructional analysis: to determine a step-by-step of what learners are doing when they are performing the goal; to determine what skills and knowledge are required Analyze learners and contexts –identify your students learning styles and setting; this will help towards classroom layout, students’ attitudes and...
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...1 Analysis of Three Instructional Design Models 2 Abstract Instructional design models provide for a systematic approach of implementing the instructional design process for a specific educational initiative (Morrison, Ross, & Kemp, 2004). This paper will briefly describe the purpose and what instructional models are followed by process of three selected models: (a) the Dick and Carey systems approach; (b) Morrison, Ross and Kemp model (also known as the Kemp model); and (c) the Three-Phase design (3PD) model. The process description for each model will serve as the foundation and supporting points required for comparing and contrasting process of the models. 1 Dick and Carey, Kemp, and Three-Phase Design models for Instructional Design Instructional design (ID) models can provide a systematic approach of implementing the instructional design process for specific educational initiatives (Morrison, Ross, & Kemp, 2004). Gustafson & Branch (1997) states that there is a wide variety of instructional design models describing the ID process created for different situations and settings (as cited in Gustafson & Branch, 2002b; Ryder, 2006). The purpose of the instructional design models offer both educational and training organizations design steps, management guidelines and teamwork collaboration options with designers, technicians and clients (Gustafson & Branch, 2002a). Specifically by definition, a model can be defined as “a way of doing something; an explicit representation...
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...Understanding the Value of Play Rosetta Billingslea ECE 430 Early Childhood Education Capstone Mrs. Gayla Lloyd December 5, 2011 This essay focuses on the value of play and how important play is in a child’s life. I will show substantial evidence as well as examples that support play as an integral part of early learning along with describing two examples that utilize play as an instructional strategy. Intuitively all early childhood teachers know that play is an integral part of young children’s lives, and that being able to play, both alone and with others, is a hallmark of children’s healthy development. We also understand that play enhances children’s physical, social and emotional, and creative growth, and we daily assess this growth by observing children at play. We observe individual children engaged in different types of play at different times, and we quickly notice that their play becomes more complex and more social as the year progresses. We are able to assess children’s growing abilities to direct their own play, to make decisions about materials and props, and to assert their own ideas and opinions about what they want to play. As children begin to play interactively, we see growth in their abilities to follow the rules of a game, to take turns, to share materials, and to begin to cooperatively solve problems that emerge during the play. By taking a closer look at children’s play, we see that it does more than stimulate...
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...INTRODUCTION Background to the study ICT (information and communication technologies) in education lives a life at the crossroads between evidence based policymaking, learning and the fast-changing world of technology. Key stakeholders (politicians, parents, teachers, school leaders) demand evidence of the impact of ICT derived from research, monitoring and evaluation (Friedrich and Francesc, 2009). The challenge for policymakers is (in collaboration with the research community and the educational community) to develop a sustainable knowledge base for ICT in education, in which key indicators and other sources of information are identified, which enables better insight into the use and effects of ICT for learning. Technology has been said to have impacted many different types of people in different types of environments as a dynamic communication tool. For instance, Ali and Richardson (2012) explained that technology has pervaded all aspects of society and the field of education is no exception, the learning and teaching environment has also changed drastically. Technology has impacted on teaching and learning activities, and it is now seen increasingly as an enabler of learning. Morgan (2008) added that technology is no longer the wave of the future, the future is now. This generation has been classified by Prensky (2001) as “Digital Natives” and students who have been born into and are totally immersed in an environment that is surrounded by technology. Technology provides...
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...and Carey design models for Instructional Design for instructional design are very important because they can provide a procedural way of establishing or implementing the instructional design process for a particular initiative of education. There exists several instructional design models which illustrates the ID process meant for dissimilar settings and situations .The aim of these instructional design models is to give training and educational organizational design process, guidelines for management and collaboration of teamwork options with designers, clients and technicians. A model in general can be described as a pattern or example that prescribes relationships in a normative sense. A model can also serve as a communication and visual tool to assist in conceptualizing complicated instructional design process or schematics as well as how the various elements and stages relate to each other. It should be noted that the application of the model relies on the instructional scenario, problem or task. To make sure that there is a procedural way of establishing the instructional design process for a particular educational initiative, instructional design should be used. This is because they serve as important tools of learning and they make the work of teachers easier. According to Carey and Carey (2001), ...instructional design can be defined as the systematic method for analyzing, designing, developing, evaluating and managing the instructional process efficiently; based on...
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...COMPARISON AND CONTRAST OF THE PRIMARY FOCUS, METHODS & TOOLS OF INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN, CURRICULUM DESIGN, & PROGRAM EVALUATION ADDIE model: ADDIE is an effective tool used by instructors to design and develop instruction material. It is very famous tool adapted by many instructors because of its flexibility as it can be modified as and whenever required by the instructor. This model was developed in 1970 for U.S army for educational technology by Florida State University’s Center. It’s a systematic model for instruction comprising of five phases: 1) Analysis 2) Design 3) Development 4) Implementation 5) Evaluation Phases of ADDIE: 1) Analysis: During the analysis phase, the learner’s goals, objectives and learning problems are identified by the instructor. The learning environment, modes of imparting the knowledge and any other constrain are also observed by the instructor. 2) Design: This is the next sequential stage in the ADDIE model where a blue print or prototype of the learning material is made catering to the needs of the learner. A detailed systematic design is created for the user here. 3) Development: Actual creation of the learning material It could be an integration of various tools and technologies. Developing the procedure for the maximum learning outcome is focused on this phase. 4) Implementation: The designed plan is put into action in this phase for the learner by imparting knowledge through the planned tools and activities. 5) Evaluation:...
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...CARLOS HILADO MEMORIAL STATE COLLEGE GRADUATESCHOOL ------------------------------------------------- Talisay City POWERPOINT PRESENTATION: TOWARDS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF FILIPINO STUDENTS An Abstract of A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School Carlos Hilado Memorial State College Talisay City, Negros Occidental In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in Education Major in Educational Management By Regina M. Delotina May 2010 CARLOS HILADO MEMORIAL STATE COLLEGE GRADUATE SCHOOL Talisay City ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Chapter 1 Introduction “Education is the ability to listen to almost anything without losing your temper or your self – confidence. – Robert Frost” Education is a process by which man transmits his experiences, new findings, and values accumulated over the years, in his struggle for survival and development through generations. Education enables individuals and society to make an all-round participation in the developmental process, by acquiring knowledge, ability, skills, and attitudes. According to the Regional Memorandum No.88, s.1993 – A longer time spent in teaching Filipino from first year and up. It also provides that students should be encouraged to undertake Filipino experiments and teaching should require maximum students activity with emphasis on reflection...
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...is if they will receive the same education as a student enrolled in an on-campus program. At USC, the answer is an unqualified yes. Online students will experience the same rigorous curriculum as they would in an equivalent face-to-face course. Similarity: Time Investment It is a common perception of students new to online learning that it will require less time investment than a campus program. In reality, online learning requires as much, and probably more, time. Many students find, however, that the advantage of scheduling coursework around family and work commitments far outweighs any additional time investment in an online course. Similarity: Degree of Contact with Peers and Professors Reading assigned materials, watching instructional videos, and taking tests online is how most people think of online learning. While those are elements of the online experience, there are also many opportunities to interact with fellow students through group projects and discussion boards, for example. Surveys of online students show that most experience at least as much contact with...
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...Instructional Technology Joey Millis, RN CEN HSN/548: Role of the Health Care / Nursing Educator March 12, 2012 Rebecca Gesler Instructional Technology Instructional technology is often considered as computers and computer software, but there are a vast variety of instructional technology tools that are being used in today's classroom. These tools along with the aid of computers and software are used in the instructional methods of today's institutional learning centers. The Oregon Department of Education states that, "Instructional technology is used to support teaching and learning, but they are only tools to enhance the individuals or groups capability to learn"(2002, p.2, para.4). When exploring the world of instructional technology, its uses span across a multitude of resources, from research, data collection, analyzing information, and communication. This paper will cover a brief overview of the types of instructional technology used in the educational field. A concise form of instructional hardware, support, and software used to in the educational field. Along with the competency skills needed by the instructors to provide guidance and educational opportunities for the learners of today. Identification of Technology Forms When most people imagine technology they see a computer as the first form of technology available for use in the learning centered world. Computers along with other programs are designed with the...
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...INTRODUCTION What is an instructional Systems Design model? According to Smith and Ragan (2005), instructional design is the entire process: from the analysis of learning needs and goals, through the development of instructional materials and activities, to the evaluation of all instruction and learning activities. Spector and Muraida (1997) refer to instructional design as a structuring of the learning environment for the purpose of facilitating learning or improving learning effectiveness. Instructional design is the systematic process of translating general principles of learning and instruction into plans for instructional materials and learning (Seels and Glasgow, 1998; Morrison, Ross and Kemp, 2004). Instructional design is the application of theory to create effective instruction (Jonassen, 2001; Reigeluth, 1999). An instructional design framework focuses on the creation of a learning experience that delivers knowledge in a more effective, interactive, and engaging way, and that can be measured, managed and directed for maximum impact (Piskurich, 2000:7). Smith (2001: [online]) states that instructional design focuses on what learners are to know, the information to be provided, while the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) (2001) emphasises that instructional design is the process by which an educator determines the best teaching methods for specific learners in a specific context, in the attempt to achieve a specific goal. There are two classes...
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...Online Collaborative Learning for High School Students Using a Blended Approach for the Promotion of Self-Monitoring Skills Sharon Peters A Thesis in The Department of Education Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts (Educational Technology) at September 2006 © Sharon Peters, 2006 CONCORDIA UNIVERSITY This is to certify that the thesis prepared By: Sharon Peters Entitled: Online collaborative learning for high school students using a blended approach for the promotion of self-monitoring skills and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master Educational Technology complies with the regulations of the University and meets the accepted standards with respect to originality and quality. Signed by the final examining committee: ______________________________________ Chair ______________________________________ Examiner ______________________________________ Examiner ______________________________________ Supervisor Approved by ________________________________________________ Chair of Department or Graduate Program Director ________________________________________________ Dean of Faculty Date ________________________________________________ Abstract Online Collaborative Learning for High School Students Using a Blended Approach for the Promotion of Self-Monitoring Skills Sharon Peters While online learning environments have become common at the...
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...Moving Anywhere Community College into Distance Education Rachelle Harris ED: 7212 Administration and Leadership of Distance Education Programs Moving Anywhere Community College into Distance Education Colleges increasingly have to compete for students, and Anywhere Community College has to compete with institutions that are continuously on the move to make their programs more attractive to students. These learners include a new bread of students, and they students who are looking to move into more lucrative career opportunities (Meyer, 2010). These students come from a wide array of careers, and some want to advance in their current careers while others wish to move into new ones. Consequently, ACC is faced with the decision to implement an online distance education program, and if Anywhere Community College is to remain competitive with other institutions, it must seriously consider this endeavor which will be a tremendous task for a college that has not embraced the use of technology for so long. This endeavor will require a total restructuring of ACC’s educational institution; however, it is one that the college must embrace with lightheartedness and diligence. Recognize and prepare for the fact that implementing an online distance education program will forever change the structure of ACC. Transformative Techniques The changing face of educational delivery is part of the reason ACC is faced with this endeavor, and in order to completely revamp this institution’s...
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...Best Practices for Sustaining Distance Training in the WorkplaceAndrew Gibson, Zane L. BergeUSAAbstracteLearning initiatives, powered by cutting edge technology, have the ability to offer just-in-time and just-in-case training designed to facilitate performance improvement and creativity. When compared with time-consuming traditional training methods, elearning can offer immediate results and this has led many to implement it with haste. However, while proficient human resource management and financial planning can lead to the establishment of an elearning solution, failure to take further steps necessary to affect cultural change within the organization may, in the long term, seriously jeopardize the prospect of making such a strategy sustainable. This paper explores examples of best practice in managing the factors necessary for elearning sustainability, namely: detailed planning, creation of a sound business case, involvement of champions, harnessing of technology, transitioning, a blended solution, and sustained evaluation.IntroductionBerge and Kearsley (2003) state that in many cases, “even after distance training has been successfully implemented, sustaining it remains a struggle” (p.6). This need not be the case. The impact of elearning can be immediate (David, 2006). It can offer significant cost-savings. However, the move to elearning must be more than convincing executives to fund a pilot; more than succeeding in the short term, or boasting about initial financial...
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...e-learning - A Review of Literature Prepared by Tim L. Wentling Consuelo Waight James Gallaher Jason La Fleur Christine Wang Alaina Kanfer Knowledge and Learning Systems Group UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN September 2000 Funded by Allstate Insurance Company Sears, Roebuck and Company Eastman Kodak Company 1 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN Table of Contents Topic Page I Defining e-Learning 3 II Strategic importance of e-Learning 6 III Organizational Culture and e-Learning 8 IV Trainers in an e-Learning environment 10 V Understanding distributed learners 13 VI Evaluation of e-Learning 19 VII Cost effectiveness of e-Learning 30 VIII Selected e-Learning comparison studies 34 IX Global issues in e-Learning 41 X e-Learning industry trends and delivery technologies 48 XI. References 60 2 A Review of Definitions Economic, social and technological forces continue to change the global economy, and the way of life in organizations and the world. In specific, these forces have and continue to revolutionize teaching and learning in organizations. Urdan & Weggen (2000) related that technology, the rapid obsolescence of knowledge and training, the need for just-in-time training delivery, and the search for cost-effective ways to meet learning needs of a globally distributed workforce have redefined the processes that underlie...
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