Premium Essay

Instrumentation

In:

Submitted By dhreetirstg
Words 1196
Pages 5
CHROMATOGRAPHY
Chromatography (from Greek word Chroma means “color” and Graphein means “to write”) is the collective term used for the separation of the mixture. The mixture is dissolved in a fluid called the mobile phase, which carries it to another material known as the stationary phase. The separation is based on the speed of different constituents of the mixture and on the differential partition of the mobile and the stationary phase (web link7).
Distribution or partition coefficient is the basis of chromatography which describes a way in which constituents of a mixture distributes between two immiscible phases. For two such phases A and B, the value for this coefficient is a constant at a given temperature and is given by the expression (36): Kd = Concentration in phase A Concentration in phase B

COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY
For separations of solid and liquids, column chromatography is one of the most important techniques. It is a solid liquid separation technique in which the stationary phase is solid and the mobile phase is liquid. It is based on the principle of differential adsorption of the substance by adsorbent (web link 8). The stationary phase is packed into a glass or metal column and mixture of analytes are then applied, the mobile phase (eluent) is passed through the column either by use of a pumping system or applied gas pressure. The stationary phase is either coated onto discrete small particles (the matrix) and packed into the column or applied as a thin film to the inside wall of the column. As the eluent flows through the column the analytes separate on the basis of their distribution coefficients and emerge individually in the eluate as it leaves the column
ADSORBENT
Adsorbents usually used in column chromatography are silica gel, alumina, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, magnesia,

Similar Documents

Free Essay

Virtual Instrumentation

...VIRTUAL INSTRUMENTATION OF PIN ON DISC INSTRUMENT Bona fide record of work done by K. VIGNESH (09P653) S. VIMAL (09P654) P. VISHNU RAM (09P655) S. ARUN KUMAR (10P901) Preliminary mini-project dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (SANDWICH) Branch: PRODUCTION ENGINEERING Of Anna University, Chennai. MACRH 2012 DEPARTMENT OF PRODUCTION ENGINEERING PSG COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY (Autonomous Institution affiliated to Anna University, Coimbatore) COIMBATORE – 641 004. FACULTY GUIDE CONTENTS CONTENT Page No ACKNOWLEDGEMENT SYNOPSIS LIST OF FIGURE CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION...........………………………...……..………………………........1 1. VIRTUAL INSTRUMENTATION 1 2. LabVIEW 2 3. PIN ON DISC INSTRUMENT 3 2. LITERATURE SURVEY……………………..…………………………..………….5 3. PROBLEM DEFINITION AND OBJECTIVE……………………………......…….8 3.1 PROBLEM DEFINITION 8 3.2 OBJECTIVE 8 4. METHODOLOGY………………………………………………………….………....9 5. PROCEDURE AND RESULTS…………………………………...…..……10 5.1 Calibrating the Pin on Disc Instrument 10 5.2 Conversion of Time to Sliding Distance 11 5.3 Exporting Values to Spreadsheet File ...

Words: 3802 - Pages: 16

Premium Essay

Instrumentation

...“ATOMIC ABSORPTION 1” VARIAN SPECTRA AA200 EXPERIMENTS ANALYSIS OF MULTIVITAMINE TABLETS. Experiment # 1 Analysis of multivitamin tablets for copper and iron Instructor: Gregg Taylor Student: Martin Tadros ID#: 100288670 Date Perform: October 9, 2013 Lab Partner: N/A Note: This lab I did last semester Note 2: The lab done this semester the dilution I did was the problem. Will send this one as a reference that I understand the concept and calculation of the lab and will send another lab explaining the errors. AA1 - Varian Spectra AA 200 Experiments INTRODUCTION Concept: Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is a spectra analytical procedure for the quantitative determination of chemical elements employing the absorption of optical radiation (light) by free atoms. It is capable of measuring the concentrations of a wide variety of element in sample. In AAS method measures the light absorbed by the very large proportion of atoms in the ground state. It is a widely used technique due to its simplicity, effectiveness, and relatively low cost. Atomic-absorption (AA) spectroscopy uses the absorption of light to measure the concentration of gas-phase atoms. Since samples are usually liquids or solids, the analyses atoms or ions must be vaporized in a flame or graphite furnace. The atoms absorb ultraviolet or visible light and make transitions to higher electronic energy levels. The analyse concentration is determined from the...

Words: 2782 - Pages: 12

Free Essay

Medical Instrumentation

...| Activity/Tremor Detector | EEE 4202C-Medical Instrumentation Design | Exercise 1Group #6 | Group Members: Diego RamirezKarina AlonsoEric GundersonWilliam NoundouAlejandro BuitragoRaidel Martinez | 3/7/2012 | Table of Contents Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………3 Steps Taken………………………………………………………………………………………..3 Data Recorded...………………………………………………………………………………...4-5 Data Tables………………………………………………………………………………………..6 Observations………………………………………………………………………………………7 Answered Questions………………………………………………………………………………7 Lessons Learned…………….……………………………………………………………………..8 Appendix…………………………………………………………………………………………..9 | Abstract The purpose of this exercise is to analyze some parameters of the piezoelectric transducer in order to better understand its characteristics and know which way to use it in this project. The piezoelectric firm transducer has a mass attached on the end of an elastic film. As an input the system response has the movement of the electrode end, and as the output it has the flexure of the firm which causes a voltage displacement used for analysis. This 2nd order high pass function is calculated and analyzed in this experiment by taking into account the mass, spring constant of the film and the friction due to air and plastic viscosity in the firm. For this reason the weight added to the transducer during the procedure was measured to be taken into consideration for the calculations. The ultimate goal is to calculate the resonant frequency...

Words: 1231 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Biomedical Instrumentation Essay

...Recording Electrodes used in the Biomedical Instrumentation: Recording electrodes are the devices that convert ionic potentials into electronic potentials. The type of electrodes used for the measurements depends on the anatomical location of the organ. Bio-electrodes are the sensors that convert ionic conduction into electronic conduction. The purpose of bio-electrodes is to acquire bioelectrical signals such as ECG, EMG, and EEG, etc. Electrodes are mainly classified into two types [20]: 1. Perfectly polarized electrodes and 2. Perfectly non-polarized electrodes. There are various electrodes that can be used to measure bioelectric signals. The three main classes of electrodes are Microelectrodes, Body Surface electrodes and Needle electrodes....

Words: 917 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Electrical Instrumentation and Measurement

...Pharos University EE212_ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENT & Interface Prepared By: Dr. Sahar Abd El Moneim Moussa Dr. Sahar Abd El Moneim Moussa 1 CH1_ ERRORS IN MEASUREMENTS Dr. Sahar Abd El Moneim Moussa 2 INTRODUCTION  Measurement involves using an instrument as a physical means of determining a quantity or variable.  A measuring device: a device used for obtaining a value which nearly represents an unknown variable or quantity.  The advancement of science and technology leads to the progress in the measuring techniques. Dr. Sahar Abd El Moneim Moussa 3  Classification of Measuring Instruments: 1- Mechanical Instruments: • These are the first type of measuring instruments. Since they have moving parts then they are useful for stable operation but due the inertia of the moving elements are slow then they are not suitable for measuring dynamic variables and transient operations. • Dr. Sahar Abd El Moneim Moussa 4  Classification of Measuring Instruments: ( cont.) 2- Electrical Instruments: • Since 1801. By discovering electricity, the electrical measuring instruments appear. Electrical instruments have in general electric circuit consisting of some resistors and a magnetic circuit consisting of either a permanent or a coil with an iron core. It depends upon the interaction between the electric circuit and the magnetic circuit. • • Dr. Sahar Abd El Moneim Moussa 5  Classification of...

Words: 1749 - Pages: 7

Free Essay

P&Id Symbols

...P&ID SYMBOLS ISA Symbols and Loop Diagrams P&IDs Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams or simply P&IDs are the “schematics” used in the field of instrumentation and control (Automation) The P&ID is used to by field techs, engineers, and operators to better understand the process and how the instrumentation is inter connected. Most industries have standardized the symbols according to the ISA Standard S5.1 Instrumentation Symbol Specification. • Piping & Instrumentation Drawing (original) • Process & Instrumentation Diagram (also used) • Process Flow Diagram – PFD (simplified version of the P&ID) Temperature Process Using pictorial diagrams may be informative however it is not practical or CAD friendly especially in a multi-loop process. Temperature Controller and Recorder Temperature Transmitter Steam Pneumatic Control Valve Heat Exchanger Building the P&ID The P&ID will use symbols and circles to represent each instrument and how they are inter-connected in the process. Temperature Controller and Recorder Temperature Transmitter Thermometer Temperature Sensing Bulb Pneumatic Control Valve Tag Numbers Tag “numbers” are letters and numbers placed within or near the instrument to identify the type and function of the device. TRC 206 TI 206 TT 206 Temperature Sensing Bulb FCV 206 Tag Descriptors The first letter is used to designate the measured variable The succeeding letter(s) are used to...

Words: 546 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Wan App

...H.W page 218-220 Matching ____F___ 1.This RSoP mode allows administrators to simulate the effect of policy settings prior to implementing them on a computer or user. ____B___ 2.This command-line utility allows you to create and display an RSoP query from the command line. ____C___ 3.This GPMC node is used to simulate the effect of a policy on the user and computer environment and replaces Planning mode in RSoP. ____I___ 4.This method of controlling GPO application uses filters written in the WMI Query Language (WQL) to determine whether a particular computer should have a GPO applied to it. ____G___ 5.This MMC snap-in can be used in two possible modes to report actual or planned GPO settings for a particular user/computer combination. ____D___ 6.This GPMC node is used to report on the actual GPO settings that are applied to a particular user and computer, and replaces Logging mode in RSoP. ____J___ 7.This language, similar to Structured Query Language (SQL), is used to create WMI filters to control the application of Group Policy. ____E___ 8.This RSoP mode queries existing policies in Active Directory to determine the effective GPO settings that are being applied to a user or computer. ____A___ 9.This is used by WMI to retrieve information about computer configuration, including hardware, Group Policy Software Installation Settings, Internet Explorer Maintenance settings, scripts, Folder Redirection settings, and Security settings. ____H___...

Words: 527 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

It Communication

...NTDSUtil command allows authoritative restore. CLI command repadmin checks replications CLI command gpupdate refreshes GPO Deploy software default location is set in the General Tap. DC and AD down to and reduce size offline defragmentation Assigned software configuration and publish software configuration for deploying software in group policies. Setting tap generate a HMTL report showing all modified setting a group policy Restrict software policy installation by location Hash is a method to mark software: filter software installation by use a hash mark Certificate software installation Network Zone software installation to IE Know: hash, certificate, path, network zone. WMI (Windows Management Instrumentation) uses filters written in WQL to filter GPO polices. CLI: gpresult provide comprehensive information about a computer Database (AD) writes the information into EDB.log until the database processes the information Audit, users, security setting policies are part of...

Words: 316 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Term Paper

...Final review IT222 1. Local gpo’s do not support folder redirection. True 2. If loop back processing is enabled, what are two options available to you? Merge, replace 3. Can the recycle bin be redirected? No 4. Which tab of the properties window lets you change the name of a package? General 5. In what order are group policies processed? Local site domain organizational unit 6. What are two domain gpo`s created automatically? Default domain policy, default domain controller policy. 7. Windows installation policies can`t be defined or changed with group policies. True 8. What command line utility allows you to do an authoritative restore? NTDSUTIL 9. What command line tool allows manual refresh of group policies? GPUPDATE 10. What is a manual process to defrag active directory? Offline defragmentation 11. What are four rule types that could be defined in software restriction policy? Hash, certificate, path, network zone 12. What is the transaction data log file called? EDB.log 13. What command line tool provides comprehensive information about the OS, the user, and the computer? GPRESULT 14. What command line and past based scripting technology is included in Windows Server 2008? Windows Powershell 15. What kind of restore must you do if you accidentally delete a container with an active directory? Authoritative restore *16. Event log policies are not a subcategory of local policy. *17. Anytime you do an authoritative restore the version ID is incremented by...

Words: 321 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Electrical, Instrumentation, Fire/Gas Detection & Suppression Erection Scopes Agreemen

...ELECTRICAL, INSTRUMENTATION, FIRE/GAS DETECTION & SUPPRESSION ERECTION SCOPES AGREEMENT BETWEEN STOCKGAP NIGERIA LIMITED AND GIL AUTOMATION NIGERIA LIMITED DATED THIS DAY OF 2015 This Electrical, Instrumentation, Fire/Gas Detection & Suppression Erection Scopes Agreement (“This Agreement”) is made this _______ day of _________, 2015 Between STOCKGAP NIGERIA LIMITED, a company duly incorporated under the laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria with its principal place of business situate at No 15a Nnamdi Azikiwe Road, Ecobank Building, 2nd floor, Old GRA, Port Harcourt, Rivers State (hereinafter referred to as “the Company” which expression shall where the context so admits include its successors-in-title, legal representatives and assigns) of the one part And GIL AUTOMATION NIGERIA LIMITED, a company duly incorporated under the laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria with its principal place of business situate at …………………………………….. (Hereinafter referred to as “the Contractor” which expression shall where the context so admits include its successors-in-title, legal representatives and assigns) of the other part. In this Agreement, the Contractor and the Company shall be jointly referred to as “Parties” and individually as “Party”. WHEREAS: a) The Company is desirous of engaging the Contractor to carry on electrical, instrumentation, fire/gas detection and...

Words: 2727 - Pages: 11

Free Essay

Dispensers of California

...CurriculumVitae Instrumentation Engineer Jeevanand Subramaniam Mob: +91 9725066151 Email: jeeva21289@gmail.com Objective Instrumentation Engineer with total experience of 2.9 years+ in Refining and Petrochemical sector seeking a challenging position in an organization which can provide constructive and innovative ambiance to implement acquired technical knowledge as well as managerial skills to establish myself as an asset to the organization in the field of Automation, Process Instrumentation. Professional Summary • Engineering graduate in Instrumentation working at Hydrogen Manufacturing Unit of World’s Largest Grassroot Refinery, Reliance Jamnagar as Maintenance Engineer, Instrumentation. • Versatile, accomplished engineering management professional with expertise managing maintenance operations in a wide range of Instrumentation Systems and Equipment • Applies continuous improvement principles to increase process and maintenance efficiency. Exhibits a strong and firm approach to sustaining and encouraging safe work environments Career Accomplishments Organization – Reliance Industries Limited, Refinery Division, Jamnagar • Working as a team member for implementation and monitoring of Process Safety Management elements in HMU. • Involved in routine maintenance activities, commissioning and development co-ordination of instruments and control systems in Hydrogen Manufacturing Unit (Oil & Gas Refinery). • Configuring...

Words: 941 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Boob

...MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY TIMETABLE FOR B.TECH DEGREE EXAMINATIONS, MAY, 2015 Ref: Notification No. EA I/1/352/2015 dated 18.03.2015 Semester I & II (New Scheme) (2014 Admission Regular, 2013 Admission – Improvement & Supplementary /2010 Admission onwards Supplementary) (Time 9.30 a.m to 12.30 p.m on all days) |Day & Date |Subject |Branch | | | |Thursday |EN010 102 |Common for all branches | | | |07.05.2015 |Engineering Physics | | | | |Monday |EN010 103 Engineering Chemistry & |Common for all branches | | | |11.05.2015 |Environmental | | | | | |Studies | | | | |Wednesday |EN010 101 |Common for all branches | | | |13.05.2015 |Engineering Mathematics-I | | | | |Friday |EN010 106 Basic Civil Engineering...

Words: 5159 - Pages: 21

Premium Essay

Gate

...PSU RECRUITMENT THROUGH GATE-2015  It is for the information of B.Tech. 2015 passing out batch students that PSUs(Public Sector Undertaking) is starting its hiring process through GATE 2015. The registration process is start from December, 2014. Eligible students shall note the following:- PSU Recruitment Through GATE 2015”- As seen from the past few years, it is now becoming a common feature for PSUs to recruit candidates through GATE scores. Each of the PSU Recruitment Through GATE 2015 will be through individual notifications. Well Known PSUs like BPCL, HPCL, BHEL, BAARC and more have been recruiting candidates at the entry levels of their management through GATE scores. ONGC has announced recruitment of 745 Graduate Engineers through GATE 2015 and Coal India is the latest to join the bandwagon and has announced it recruitment for management trainees through GATE 2015. Check the PSU Recruitment through GATE 2015 table below for details on the Application date and avail the complete details by clicking the link provided for each of the respective PSU.   Eligibility Criteria: * Candidates applying to the PSUs Recruiting through GATE 2015 must have applied and appeared for GATE 2015 exam in their respective branch of study. * They must furnish the GATE 2015 Registration No while Applying for the PSU Recruitment through GATE 2015   Details of PSU Recruitment through GATE 2015 are as follows:  Name of PSU | Application Dates | Eligible Branches | ONGC Ltd. | Start...

Words: 663 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Random Variables

...with it. Neither amplification nor the filtering can alleviate the effect of noise on the desired signal. Undesired Signal : The one that gets added to the desired signal when the desired signal is passing through the medium, amplifiers, mixers, filters and other parts of the communication channel between the source and the destination. Noise : The undesired signal that adds to the desired signal and reaches the destination. The only way to keep away from the effects of noise is to see that less amount of noise, relative to the desired signal, is present at the destination Interference: Intentional or unintentional un desired signals that interfere with communication process. 2 ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATION INSTRUMENTATION Noise Sources Externally Generated Internally Generated  Thermal noise : Random Motion of electrons due to temperature in resistive components of the system  Shot Noise : Due to diffusion of carriers in semiconductors etc.  Atmospheric : Due to lightening & Thunder storms : 2MHz – 10 MHz  Extra Terrestrial Galactic sources : Due to solar & 20 MHz- 1.5 GHz  Man Made Noise : Spark Plugs, engine Noise 1 MHz– 500 MHz Most of the discussion in our class will be on Thermal Noise 3 ELECTRICAL...

Words: 1408 - Pages: 6

Free Essay

Coding Compliance

...see the operative site. A laparotomy is an obvious example. Percutaneous, while it means “through the skin,” can also go through other layers to reach the operative site. But a percutaneous approach is a smaller incision or puncture, usually just large enough to insert an instrument. An obvious example is a needle biopsy of the liver. A not so obvious example is a carpal tunnel release as in Exercise 8.3. Via a natural or artificial opening uses the body’s own or created passageways – like the colon (natural), colonostomy (artificial, created opening (stoma) into the colon), trachea, vagina, etc. No incision is needed to reach the operative site. External is on the surface of the body, or the operative site can be seen without instrumentation. Examples are reduction of a closed fracture, or tonsillectomy. Three approaches are endoscopic: Percutaneous endoscopic involves a small incision through the skin and other body layers for the purpose of inserting an endoscope, to view a particular site and/or perform a procedure through the endoscope. An example is endoscopic repair of a torn meniscus of the knee. Via natural or artificial opening endoscopic uses an endoscope placed directly in the...

Words: 761 - Pages: 4