...(Hammons,2010) Joshua Tree National Park Park INT1 Task 2 By Kelly Jones Geography Joshua Tree National Park is located in southern California. It is positioned just east of Palm Springs and west of the Colorado River. You will find both the Mojave Desert and the Colorado Desert located here. (National Park Service, n.d., a) Biotic Components Animals Bighorn Sheep Kit Fox Red-spotted Toad Elf Owl (National Park Service, n.d., B) Plants Joshua Tree Silver cholla Hedgehog Cactus Grizzlybear PricklyPear (National Park Service, n.d., C) Abiotic Components At Joshua Tree National Park the land has been characterized by extreme climatic changes. There are torrential rains, cool nights and dry days. Rainfall is seldom and unpredictable. Streambeds are usually dry and there are only a few waterholes. The area has two distinct seasons, summer and winter. Temperatures can get as high as 130 degrees fahrenheit in the summer, and below 0 degrees fahrenheit in the winter time. The low desert called the Colorado goes up to 3,000 feet. The higher desert called the Mojave goes up to nearly 6,000 feet. (National Park Service, n.d., D) Current Human Impact " ● ● ● The spread of non-native plants that have been made possible by visitors to the park have caused habitat destruction. This not only displaces native plants, but also increases the risk of fire. Recreational use of off-road vehicles like motorcycles and ...
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...Tundra is the coldest of all the biomes. Tundra comes from the Finnish word tunturi, meaning treeless plain. It is noted for its frost-molded landscapes, extremely low temperatures, little precipitation, poor nutrients, and short growing seasons. Dead organic material functions as nutrient pool. The two major nutrients are nitrogen and phosphorus. Nitrogen is created by biological fixation, and phosphorus is created by precipitation. Characteristics of tundra include: 1. Extremely cold climate 2. Low biotic diversity 3. Simple vegetation structure 4. Limitation of drainage 5. Short season of growth and reproduction 6. Energy and nutrients in the form of dead organic material 7. Large population oscillations Tundra is separated into two types: Arctic tundra Alpine tundra Tundra along the Colville River, Alaska. Arctic tundra From left: tundra near Churchill, Manitoba, Canada; tundra in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska. Arctic tundra is located in the northern hemisphere, encircling the north pole and extending south to the coniferous forests of the taiga. The arctic is known for its cold, desert-like conditions. The growing season ranges from 50 to 60 days. The average winter temperature is -34° C (-30° F), but the average summer temperature is 3-12° C (37-54° F) which enables this biome to sustain life. Rainfall may vary in different regions of the arctic. Yearly precipitation, including melting snow, is 15 to 25 cm (6 to...
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...Analysis of Labor and Employment Laws Situation A - Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) The FMLA was created in 1993 to assist employees in dealing with their personal family issues and work responsibilities. It allows a qualified employee to take an unpaid, excused, job-protected absence, for up to twelve workweeks in a 12-month period, to care for themselves or a family member with a serious health condition. Some of the covered conditions are: to care for a newborn child within one year of birth; to care for a newly adopted or foster child within one year of placement; to care for a spouse, parent, or child who has a serious health problem; to care for themselves if the employees own health issue hinders their ability to perform the functions of their job; or any emergency arising from the employee's spouse, parent, daughter, or son in the military on "covered active duty". The FMLA provisions include up to twenty-six workweeks of leave during a 12-month period for the employee to take care of a family member that has a serious illness or injury from military service. In a recent ruling, the definition of a spouse was amended to include and recognize same-sex marriages so they would be able to benefit from FMLA leave to care for their family or spouse, wherever they live. (http://www.dol.gov/whd/fmla/) In the given scenario, the employee had been with his company for two years and his wife had prematurely given birth to twins, which is definitely a covered health...
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...INT1 Task 3 Page 2 Project Design Plan This experiment asks the question, “What paper towel is more absorbent for the price per sheet?” Will the more costly paper towels absorb a bigger spill therefore giving the consumer reasoning on buying the higher priced paper towel? This experiment will examine the absorbency of three different brands of paper towels and then compare the results to the price of the product to find the absorbency value. First, we will purchase one roll from three different brands of paper towels from the same store at retail price. It’s important to purchase the products at full cost or note what the normal price is from the same store since different stores may have different prices. Different brands of paper towel rolls come with different amounts of sheets as well as sizes, so it will be important to have all the sample sizes the same for accurate results. The results will be drawn up after the controlled experiment is finished. The experiment will consist of taking an individual sheet from each brand of paper towel and spread it over a container and using a medicine dropper or eye dropper filled with water, squeeze drops onto the paper towel one at a time until the water starts to leak into the container below. Each drop will be counted up to the point where the water leaks into the container. This will be done three times with each brand...
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...6/20/13 Out.OM1a What's in and what's not in GDP? Definition: GDP is defined as: the market value of currently produced, final goods and services produced annually within a country's borders. It turns out that nearly each term in this definition is there for a reason and that if we look briefly at each of the terms we will have a better sense of what GDP is - and what it is not. First, however, let's fast forward and acknowledge that GDP is NOT a measure of economic well-being - a point first made by Kuznets who developed the national income accounts, and more recently presented by Cobb, Halstead, and Rowe in their 1995 Atlantic Monthly article: "If GDP is UP, Why is America Down?" Now let's look at the individual terms and see where this divergence comes into play. GDP is the market value ... Market price is the common denominator for the tons of steel, bushels of apples, or gallons of wine produced in an economy. GDP is simply the weighted sum of output from all sectors of the economy, where output is valued at market prices. The rationale for this approach is that the market prices reflect what individuals pay for these goods and services, and thus prices must reflect how people value them. If you pay $16 for a CD, then it must be worth $16 to you, and thus the market value can be viewed as a measure of value created. If 10 CDs are produced and sold at a price of $16, then $160 worth of value has been created. Because of the nature of the GDP calculations, natural disaster...
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...assembly language programming of 8051 microcontroller. In case you are totally new to 8051 microcontroller I recommend you to read the “8051 Tutorial” available at: https://sites.google.com/site/enggprojectece/my-reading-list It has also been presumed that the reader has at least the beginner level knowledge of computer programming in C language (user defined functions, data types, header files, loops and the flow of a C program). In this tutorial first an introduction to Embedded C is given. A few examples are shown. Then the implementation of timer and interrupt are discussed. (All programs shown here are compiled and executed using Keil µVision 3) Pin Diagram of 8051 (please note the pins used for external interrupts – INT0 & INT1, Serial Port Transmitter – TxD, Serial Port Receiver – RxD, Counter input for Timer-0 – T0 and Counter input for Timer-1 – T1) Embedded C The syntax of embedded C is the same as the C language that we use for writing computer programs. The only difference is the libraries and hence the functions. Particularly for 8051 based microcontrollers, the header file <REGX51.H> has to be added. In this header file the addresses of all the special function registers (SFRs) and other memory locations are defined. Hence we can access an SFR by simply writing its name. We don’t need to use the registers of the programming model (A, B, R0, R1, R2, …, R7)...
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...The Great Salt Lake INT1 Task 2 (Ha’Eri, 2004) Location ● The Great Salt Lake is located in northern Utah. (USGS, n.d., b) Biotic Components ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Brine Shrimp Brine Flies Algae Ducks Geese Gulls Pelicans (Wikipedia, n.d.) (Wurstsbaugh, 2014, d) Abiotic Components -Surface elevation 4200 feet above sea level -Depth averages 14 feet -Railroad crosses through the lake -Averages 15.7 inches of precipitation per year -Water temperature varies from below freezing to 80 degrees Fahrenheit. (Gwynn, 2002) Current Human Impact -Humans building a railway through The Great Salt Lake has divided the lake and caused that half of the lake has a higher salinity percentage than the other half. This is caused by the South end has more fresh water flowing into it and the North end has more salt water flowing through it. Because of the railway, it doesn’t pass through to the other side. The percentage of salinity is affecting the brine shrimp eggs harvest. It has decreased. The residents in the Salt Lake area use more water than the average people in the country. Not conserving and using so much water is affecting the water levels of the Great Salt Lake. The lake is getting smaller each year. (USGS, 1999) Future Human Impacts -If current water usage trends continue, the lake will continue to get smaller and smaller. With future growth of the area expected to triple in the next 50 years, Utahns are facing...
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...INT1 Task 3 Amber Leverett Student ID# 000310556 000310556000310556 How does volume affect boiling time in water? By Amber N Leverett Project Design Plan With boiling water being a part of most everyday life, the time it takes to boil a certain volume is information that just about everyone wants to know. Most people believe that if you double the volume of water, you will also double the time it takes it to come to a rolling boil. Let’s see just how true that is. How does the volume of water affect how long it takes to come to a rolling boil? Literature Review According to whatscookingmerica.net, there are many things that could affect the boiling point of water. A few of them include; salt, hard water, and different sized pans. By adding salt to your water, you will minimize the amount of time it will take to boil that pot of water (Stradley, 2004). If you have hard water, the pot of water will come to a boil at a higher temperature (Stradley, 2004). Using different sized pots to boil water will cause the water to come to a boil at different temperatures. A tall, narrow pot will boil at a higher temperature than a short, wide pot due to the water in the tall pot being under greater pressure (Stradley, 2004). In the science fair project, the experimenter was researching what affects the boiling point of water (2014). He/she used four different types of variables to test the hypothesis. The variables were different amounts of water, different types of heating devices...
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...with 8255 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems: Using Assembly and C Mazidi, Mazidi and McKinlay Chung-Ping Young 楊中平 Home Automation, Networking, and Entertainment Lab Dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Cheng Kung University, TAIWAN OUTLINES Numbering and coding systems Digital primer Inside the computer HANEL Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Cheng Kung University, TAIWAN 2 NUMBERING AND CODING SYSTEMS Decimal and Binary Number Systems Human beings use base 10 (decimal) arithmetic There are 10 distinct symbols, 0, 1, 2, …, 9 Computers use base 2 (binary) system There are only 0 and 1 These two binary digits are commonly referred to as bits HANEL Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Cheng Kung University, TAIWAN 3 NUMBERING AND CODING SYSTEMS Converting from Decimal to Binary Divide the decimal number by 2 repeatedly Keep track of the remainders Continue this process until the quotient becomes zero Write the remainders in reverse order to obtain the binary number Ex. Convert 2510 to binary Quotient Remainder...
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...INT1 Task 3 Task 3 Topic: How do different levels of salt water affect magnet strength? Candyce Eckert Western Governors University WGU Student ID: 000431193 PROJECT DESIGN PLAN There will be a total of five 500 ml water samples that are at 75°F and that will have different amounts of salt ranging from 0 ml, 25 ml, 100 ml, 200 ml, 400 ml that will be mixed in a glass container with a one inch high marking noted on the side. Fifteen magnetic paper clips will be laid on the bottom of the container after the solution is mixed. A magnet will then be submersed into the salt solution to the one inch high marking dictated on the side for thirty seconds allowing for the magnet to attract the paper clips. The magnet and subsequent paper clips that it draws will be taken out of the solution, counted, and then recorded. These steps will be repeated until all five salt water solutions are tested. Each of the five solutions will be tested three times in order to deduce the average and ensure reliability of said testing. The greater the number of paper clips picked up deducts greater magnetism. LITERATURE REVIEW In an article written by Richards, Johnson, and Nyeggen (2015), a group of students grappled with the question, “Will Magnets Work Underwater?” some thinking that the water would block the magnetic attraction. They were disproved when magnets still had attraction underneath the water. The students further questioned the attraction...
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...INT1 Task 3 Example Does More Sugar Make Lemon Sauce Runny? By N. Shane Cutler Project Design Plan Cornstarch is a common thickening agent in cooking. Plant starch is made of a mixture of amylose and amylopectin. When heated in a water-based solution, the starch molecules can unwind and then form new hydrogen bonds with other starch molecules, making a network of long molecular filaments that can hold water molecules in a gel (Holmes, 2012). The Argo Cornstarch website warns that too much sugar can interfere with thickening (Argo, 2012). Literature Review There are many different ways to thicken liquids and thickening liquids has many applications. Many experiments have been done to test different thickening methods. GVSoapCo tested 4 different substances to thicken homemade liquid hand soap: Xanthan Gum, Borax, Salt or Crothix. This experiment used the same soap recipe, substituting the different thickening agents. The experimenter then tested the thickness or runniness of the finished soap by spooning it up and drizzling it. This showed that the Crothix thickener made the thickest, smoothest soap, whereas the salt made the thinnest, runniest soap. While the spooning method was effective at showing the qualitative difference the thickening agent made, it didn’t produce quantitative measurements of the relative thickness (GVSoapCo, 2013). Foy compared low sugar pectin with traditional pectin in making grape jelly. She reported that the traditional pectin made firmer jelly than...
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...Integrated Natural Science (INT1) Task 1 The Changing Nature Of Science Evolution Evolution :- All living beings have developed over time from ancestors through a series of changes. That life has changed over long periods of time, with all forms of life related to one another, is a scientifically well-established fact. There are two aspects of evolution today. First, evolution is the organizing principle for all of biology. Just as we are offspring from our parents, and our grandparents before them, and so on, all living organisms today are inclined from organisms that lived in the past. Understanding how and why these ancestor-descendent lineages have changed through time helps us appreciate the diversity of life we see today. Genetics, anatomy, physiology, neurology, morphology, and behavior all of these aspects of living organisms have evolved through time. The study of the evolutionary processes that produced these traits provides the comprehensive framework for understanding them. Theory Of Evolution Evolution Theory: - Evolution is technically defined as: "a gradual process in which something changes into a different and usually more complex or better form." As it is most famously used, "evolution" is the process by which an organism becomes more sophisticated over time and in response to its environment. The Theory of Evolution is currently the most popular concept of how life reached its current state. Evolution as a biological mechanism is driven by natural...
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...INT1 Task 3 The Popcorn Experiment Skye McDonald-George Project Plan and Problem Statement In this project I will be testing whether or not popcorn yields a higher percentage of popped kernels when frozen. This is relevant because most people would like to get the best value out of items they purchased and this may demonstrate one way to do that. I will be freezing multiple bags of popcorn and then popping both frozen and unfrozen bags in the microwave. Finally I will count the popped and unpopped kernels to determine the percentages for both variables and if there is a difference. Literature Review Through my research I did not find any other experiments like my own. I did, however, find two other popcorn experiments that helped me decide on my experimental plan. In both articles, the experimenters were trying to decide which brand of popcorn produced the lowest yield of unpopped popcorn. The Popcorn and College Students describes any broken kernel as popped and any intact kernels as unpopped (Saum, DeLap, Skinner, & Galli, 2003). Tammie Mason’s experiment however gives much more concise direction and describes the mathematics she used to obtain the data (Mason, 2011). Both experiments use the method of counting the kernels to determine a percentage (Mason, 2011) (Saum, DeLap, Skinner, & Galli, 2003). This is the method I will use for my experiment. Experimental Design Steps 1. Place 3 bags of popcorn in freezer. 2. Leave bags of popcorn in freezer...
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...INT1 Task 3 Does the salinity of water effect the amount of time it takes to boil? Project Design Plan The normal boiling point of water is 100°C (Bodner research Web, n.d.). Salt is considered to be a non-volatile soluble substance and in turn is supposed to increase the temperature at which the water boils Southwest Research institute, 2014). Chefs have thought for ages that adding salt to water would increase the boiling time. A higher boiling temperature should increase boiling times although displacing water with salt reduces the volume of water to boil. Literature Review The boiling point of a liquid is the point at which the liquid transition to a gas. Once the boiling point is reached the temperature remains constant until all of the liquid has changed state to a gas (Bodner Research Web, n.d). Salt water has a higher boiling point than plain water. It takes less energy to increase the temperature of salt water by 1°C than it does for regular water. The heat capacity of dissolved salt is almost zero so displacing regular water with salt water lowers the amount of time to heat the same capacities of water because of the displaced water volume by the salt (Southwest Research Institute, 2014). There have been many experiments on the subject of salt water and boiling times. Typically these experiments have been incorrectly done as simply adding salt to identical volumes of water has almost zero effect on the boiling times or temperature. The correct way to...
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...| | | | | Ice Melting Experiment and Analysis | INT1 Natural Science Task 3 | Ice Melting Experiment and Analysis ------------------------------------------------- Objective The objective of this experiment is to test the melting point of ice against different variables. I will use a control of ice against air and test this next to ice in water, sugar on ice, salt on ice and Baking Soda on ice. By measuring the melting time of each element on an ice cube I will be able to tell which element affects ice’s melting properties at what rate. Everyday we use chemical mixtures to melt ice that affects our roadways. A lot of these chemical mixtures are harmful to our waterways, and can pollute the environment. I believe its important to look for alternatives that can both help our roads from freezing in the winter while being kind to the environment. Industry Literature Review There are many different chemicals used in commercial ice melters that are made for our roads. Commercial companies tend to test for what elements melt ice the fastest, thus, producing a “best working” product. It is the pressure from consumers that encourages companies to test for possible harmful effects on the environment by these products, and what is most environmentally friendly. Ossain Inc. serves customers word wide with products designed around different needs for the type of ice melter needed. Their opinion on the ice melting industry is that the majority of ice melting...
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