...At Risk Identification Introduction: The image of the child with disability in India is many faceted. The perception, who is “disabled” and “who has the disability”, is influenced by the social context that the child lives in, and not necessarily by the nature and degree of child’s impairment. A child with a mild form of disability may face exclusion in her contact, while another one with severe form of disability may experience no discrimination. The reasons for such variability in response to disability, understandably, lie in the social, cultural, religious, economic, and demographic heterogeneity of the Indian society. Factors affecting child’s development. Child’s development is affected by three subsystems, which forms the crux of child’s environment. 1) Physical and Social setting in child’s daily life i.e. physical context and people who interact with the child in that setting. The Indian child is never alone when young. The child is usually in close physical contact with the mother, sibling, or other kin. 2) Customs of childcare & socialization- All communities and culturally distinct subgroups have fairly well understood set of customs and practices regarding childcare. The child with disability receives parental care underscored by these customs, the specifics being guided by caste, social class, and ethnicity. 3) Parental beliefs of behaviour expected of children i.e. familial & community experience in socialization of children. It is important...
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...Autism Autism or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are complex disorders of the brain. These disorders include difficulties with verbal and nonverbal communication, difficulties in social interaction, and uncontrollable repetitive behaviors. All of these can have different degrees of severity. Symptoms tend to emerge between the ages of two or three 1 in 68 American children are on the autism spectrum Autism is associated with intellectual disability, issues with motor coordination and attention Other characteristics often associated with autism are: resistance to environmental change and / or change in daily routine unusual responses to sensory experiences In some cases, those with autism excel in math, art, and music Deaf-Blindness Deaf and blindness are impairments in hearing or an impairment of sight. It can also be a combination of the two. This impairment often restricts access to communication, the environment, and people. Both can be caused by birth defects, disease, and injury Both can create difficulties in communication With either impairment, students have the ability to excel in many subjects Developmental Delay Developmental delay is a condition of a child being less developed mentally and / or physically than is considered normal for its age. Often called “developmental milestones” Can be caused by genetics, complications of pregnancy and birth, and environmental issues Often observed with children who are born premature There are five developmental...
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...own growth and development. Educators are more involved with helping students with disabilities now more than ever before. Finding the correct methods and instruction to produce a healthy learning environment, and assisting students with disabilities is a key element in classrooms today. There are many different disabilities and educating ourselves as teachers on aspects of disabilities helps us to help others. Intellectual disability is distinguished mutually by a substantial under average score on a mental or intelligence test. This score combined with restrictions of aptitude in subjects of daily life, which encompasses social and school functions, communication, and self care. Other aspects consist of partial scope to plan, solve, think abstractly, comprehend complicated thoughts, understand quickly, and gain knowledge through occurrences (How common is Intellectual Disability? ). The processing of delivering these aspects is slower than their peers with average intellect and capabilities. The varieties of this disability are categorized from mild to profound. When an individual has an intellectual disability it is not uncommon for other disabilities to be integrated with it (How common is Intellectual Disability? ). Some of the other disabilities can consist of cerebral palsy, seizure disorder, vision and hearing impairments, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (How common is Intellectual Disability? ). The cause of intellectual disabilities, for the most part...
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...Abstract : Mental retardation (MR) is a condition of arrested or incomplete development of the mind, characterized by impairment of skills (cognitive, language, motor and social) manifested during the developmental period, which contribute to overall level of intelligence. Intellectual Disability is a more precise term (used in DSM-V). MR is an etiological factor for development of various co-morbidities, which account for substantial burden of the disease. However, the extent of this co-occurrence varies substantially between reports. Aim: To study the prevalence of psychiatric and medical comorbidity, among different degrees of Mental Retardation. Settings and Design: This is a cross-sectional, singlecentered study conducted at the out patient department of Psychiatry, Maharajah’s Institute Of Medical Sciences. Material & Methods : Sixty-three persons, who came for disability certification, were diagnosed with MR as per ICD-10 criteria, The Wechsler’s Adult Intelligence Scale – IV and The Developmental Screening Test for IQ and Vineland Social Maturity Scale for SQ assessment were used. Psychiatric and medical co-morbidities were diagnosed, using clinical examination, laboratory investigation, the ICD-10 Diagnostic criteria and CHA-PAS SCALE. Statistical Analysis : The statistical analysis was done by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 13.0 version. Frequency, percentages and chi square analysis were used to analyze the data. Result : Out of...
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...even multiple disabilities, while posing additional impact and challenges on the education process for students, these issues are in no way insurmountable. Well thought out curriculum plans implemented through special policy, services, and programs are necessary to ensure that any student has every opportunity available to them for a successful education experience that will carry through beyond their student years. Mental retardation is descriptive of a disability that includes both intellectual as well as behavioral problems and until recently, was often used as a blanket statement to cover a wide variety, if not all, disabilities. In 2006, The American Association on Mental Retardation changed its name to The American Association of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAID, 2009) to reflect a change in this attitude. They state that “intellectual disability is one that is characterized by significant limits both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills (AAID, 2009). While a number of the causes of intellectual disabilities are still being studied, fetal alcohol and Down’s syndromes, and fragile X all have connections to mental retardation (Prevention News 1997). Autism is defined as a complex developmental disability that typically appears during the first two years of life and is the result of a neurological disorder that affects brain functions impacting development in social interaction...
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...Understanding Persons with Intellectual Disabilities Carrie Massey Grand Canyon University SPE 526 December 03, 2012 Abstract There are several different types of intellectual disabilities, such as mental retardation, autism, traumatic brain injury, severe and multiple disabilities, and deaf-blindness. Understanding the causes and characteristics of these disabilities is important in determining what is needed in the learning environment to ensure that students with intellectual and other disabilities have access to the quality education they deserve. Understanding Persons with Intellectual Disabilities There are several different types of intellectual disabilities that can affect a child’s educational abilities. It is important that teachers and parents understand the causes and characteristics of the different types of intellectual disabilities in order to ensure that all students are provided with a quality education. Intellectual disabilities can be caused by a number of factors or incidents, and can vary from person to person in severity, symptoms and effect on their ability to learn and function. Understanding the causes and effects of such disabilities will assist educators in developing proper teaching methods, accommodations and special materials needed to optimize the learning environment. Intellectual Disability Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is defined by deficient intelligence and adaptive behavior that...
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...and related services to fully benefit from education. The term exceptional children according to Heward, W. L. (2006 ) includes children who experience difficulties in learning as well as those whose performance is so superior that modifications in curriculum and instruction are necessary to help them fulfill their potential. Thus, exceptional children is an inclusive term that refers to children with learning and/or behavior problems, children with physical disabilities or sensory impairments, and children who are intellectually gifted or have a special talent. Although the terms impairment, disability, and handicap are sometimes used interchangeably, they are not synonymous. Impairment refers to the loss or reduced function of a particular body part or organ (e.g., a missing limb). A disability exists when an impairment limits a person’s ability to perform certain tasks (e.g., walk, see, add a row of numbers) in the same way that most persons do. A person with a disability is not handicapped, however, unless the disability leads to educational, personal, social, vocational, or other problems. For example, if a child who has lost a leg...
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...Name Kelly Fennell Date 1/13/15 Guided Notes- SPED3100 Chapter 1: Perspectives on Disability Note: Guided notes are submitted in D2L before class and must be a minimum of 3 pages. Raymond, E. B. (2012). Learners with mild disabilities: A characteristics approach. (4th Ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson. 1. Distribution of Disabilities a) Source: From 28th Annual Report to Congress on the Implementation of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 2006 (Vol. 1, p.41) by U.S. Department of Education, 2009, Washington, D.C.: USDOE i. Specific Learning Disabilities: 46.4% ii. Speech or Language Impairments: 18.8% iii. Intellectual Disabilities: 9.3% iv. Emotional Disturbance: 7.9% v. Other Health Impairments: 8.4% vi. Other disabilities combined: 9.2% 2. Studying High-Prevalence Disabilities a) High-prevalence disabilities include learning disabilities, mild intellectual disabilities, emotional or behavioral disorders, ADHD, and autism spectrum disorder i. All are served by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act b) Students with ADHD typically have another disability, as well c) 50% of students in special education have learning disabilities, while 10% have intellectual disabilities, and another 10% have emotional disorders d) Students may display a variety of difficulties, issues, and behaviors that cause identification and classification to be difficult e) It is important to provide...
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...PUZZLE Completing the Puzzle of Autism Spectrum Disorder Abstract Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) most commonly known as Autism is a neurological disorder that affects the normal brain function. It is a disorder characterized by deficits in three major areas of behavior-social, communicative and the display of repetitive or restricted behaviors. This research paper will provide a review of people with autism spectrum disorders, including the symptoms, diagnosis criteria, and possible causes. In addition, it will describe with how it has impacted the society, families and themselves. Completing the Puzzle of Autism Spectrum Disorder Can you imagine trying to understand what your parents or peers are saying but you don’t really know what the words mean? Sometimes this can make a child very upset and frustrated just because they can’t come up with the right words to express his or her feelings or thoughts. These kids with special needs try to live their lives by learning to handle stuff that are challenging and annoying for them. People with autism can make a significant contribution to society, as well as to their families. However, having autism is generally difficult for the person themselves and their family, it also involves great financial sacrifice. What is Autism Spectrum Disorder? Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) most commonly known as “Autism” is a neurological disorder that has an effect on normal brain function, affecting...
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...Challenges of Teaching Students with EBD Toni Parkes GCU: SPE 513 July 22, 2015 Challenges of Teaching Students with EBD Education is one of the most significant factors of life for everyone. It lays the foundation for intellectual development and plays an important role in shaping students’ futures. Many students would rate their school experience as positive. Others would disagree. There is a small percentage of students struggle daily, exhibiting severe behaviors which impede their ability to function in a school setting. They display delays in their learning and often require a different approach to their learning. These students have been identified as having emotional and behavioral disorders. They require intensive interventions to help manage and remediate their behavior. These students have the most challenging behaviors, they are often emotionally unstable, and oppositional in most situations where change is involved. Students with EBD are served in a variety of settings including the regular classroom. They encounter academic challenges and can pose as a potential threat to the teachers and their peers. It is important for educators to know and understand the rights of the students with EBD in their classrooms. They also need to research and implement effective strategies to use with the students. To best meet all the needs of the student, schools should create a special education team consisting of a special education teacher, regular education teacher...
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...EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOR DISORDER IN EDUCATION FONDA D. BYERSON GRAND CANYON UNIVERSITY April 15, 2012 INTRODUCTION: Education is a very important part of society and weighs heavily on human development. It is presented to lay the foundation of knowledge and intellectual welfare for all people. However people being different physically, mentally, and emotionally brings in all types of groups. The diversity in society provides specific challenges for educators sworn to provide an equal effective educational opportunity for all they must have a plan of action to teach all students in their classroom. With more and more classes becoming inclusive educators are more likely than not to have at least one student who suffers from Emotional Behavioral Disorder or EBD. What is EBD? According to the Individual with Disabilities Education Improvement Act EBD is defined as a” condition exhibiting one or more of the following characteristics over a long period of time and to a marked degree that adversely affects a student’s educational experience.” (IDEA ADMENDMENT 1997) 1. Inability to learn that cannot be explained. 2. Hyperactivity 3. Fighting and acting out 4. Socially awkward; Excessive fear 5. Learning difficulties, inappropriate behavior. To define EBD is a difficult task the government definition has been accused of being flawed. Several noted professionals like Steven Forbes and June Knitzer joined together with The National Mental Health Institute...
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...Understand Intellectual Disabilities Jennifer L Givens Grand Canyon University: SPE 526 April 9, 2014 Abstract The ability of educators to meet the requirements of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) 2004, as well as, have the ability to teach individuals with disabilities requires that all educators take a deeper look into and understand the main diagnoses of these disabilities. The disabilities focused on will include intellectual disability, traumatic brain injury (TBI), autism, severe disabilities, and deaf-blindness. By expanding on these noted definitions, characteristics and causes of these five disabilities it will allow educators and parents to have a deeper understanding of the needs of their disabled learner. This allows the public education system to provide equal educational opportunities for all students which is required by law under IDEA. How to Understand Intellectual Disabilities The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004 (IDEA), created definitions to help in the understanding of many different disabilities. These definitions then help create diagnoses that allow students to receive a free and appropriate education (FAPE). This type education falls under the category of public schools providing special education services for their students (U.S. Department of Education, 2004). All children deserve a fair shot at life and have the right to learn to the best of their ability. While each discussed disability has its own...
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...Mission Statements 1. Horizon Behavioral Health Horizon Behavioral Health is a non-profit organization. This organization offers services to clients with intellectual and psychological disabilities. Adult services include case management, crisis intervention, outpatient therapy, housing services, and psychiatric services. Several services are also offered for the child population. Those services are case management, early intervention, prevention and emergency services, outpatient services for the mentally ill and substance abuse, respite care, both in home and community, a parent center, diagnostic evaluation and assessment center, and day treatment centers. ("Horizon behavioral health," 2012) a. OUR MISSION http://horizonbh.org/ Our Mission is to support and promote the health, independence and self-worth of individuals and families in Central Virginia by providing a continuum of community-based prevention, early intervention, aftercare, and psycho-social rehabilitation services for persons affected by mental health, intellectual disabilities, substance abuse, and co-occurring disorders. ("Horizon behavioral health," 2012) b. We value • Each individual and family’s right to participate in decisions affecting his or her life • Each individual and family’s right to be safe from harm • providing timely services in the least-restrictive setting which are accessible, affordable, efficient, and adaptable to individual need • developing and retaining a well-trained and...
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...AAID Autism Multiple Disorders Rose Francis November 27, 2012 SPE 226 There are many different kinds of developmental disabilities. The American Association On Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities create an outline of what is to be considered an intellectual disability. Their intellect has to considerably limit their ability to properly express the appropriate social behavior while also limiting their adaptive skills within the community and interaction with others. The disability has to be identified before the person is of the age of 18. It also There are also different approaches which should be looked into when classifying a person with intellectual disabilities. Medical professionals have to rate the imparity on a scale indicating if it is mild, moderate, severe, or profound. Without these classifications the proper educational support plan cannot be put into place. The classification also helps with what kind of support the individual will need at home outside of the school setting. About 10% of children in the United States between the ages of 6 through 21 have some kind of intellectual disabilities label. The characteristics which are considered to be intellectually disabled would be having memory or learning deficiencies, troubles with memory recall, or apply abstract thought. These students also have trouble controlling their behavior also known as self-regulation. Their adaptive skills are also hard to apply to real life situations being able to...
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...Mock Treatment: Autism Aleksandr Drebskiy Queens College at City University of New York I. Diagnostic Criteria A. Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts as manifested by the following, currently or by history: 1. Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity ranging from abnormal social approach and failure of normal back-and-forth conversation; to reduced sharing interests, emotions or affect; to failure to initiate or respond to social interactions. 2. Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction ranging from poorly integrated verbal and nonverbal communication; to abnormalities in eye contact and body language or deficits in understating and use of gestures; to a total lack of facial expressions and nonverbal communication. 3. Deficits in developing, maintaining, and understating relationships ranging from difficulties adjusting behavior to suit various social context; to difficulties in sharing imaginative play or in making friends; to absence of interest in peers. Specify current severity: Level 1, Level 2, Level 3 B. Restrictive, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities as manifested by at least two of the following, currently or by history: 1. Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech (e.g., simple motor stereotypies, lining up toys, echolalia, idiosyncratic phrases). 2. Insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to...
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