...Intelligence Testing Margarita Alvarez, PSY/450 December 3, 2012 Professor Amanda Kettinger Tom was a physicist with remarkable education and expert skills. When you spoke with him about physics and radiation therapy he would impress you with his knowledge. On the other hand, we had to fire Tom shortly before three months from employment due to his lack of ability to get along with the department team members. Tom had no tolerance for others mistakes, did not communicate instructions clearly and was not willing to listen to counseling. His IQ was genius in mathematics but very low in interpersonal and social intelligence. In this paper we will review two theories of intelligence. The first one is Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory and the second one is Robert Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence. We will also consider with the reader aspects of intelligence testing with a broader perspective. Howard Gardner believes that there are at least eight basic intelligences. They are: “linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, naturalistic, social-understanding, and selv-understanding” (Berger, 2005, p. 528). Even though everyone may have a minimal level of intelligence on each one we tend to be more skilled in some. Depending on the experiences, upbringing, cultural environment, family, and community the person develops more in one type of intelligence than others. “Asians may emphasize interpersonal intelligence”...
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...Testing Intelligence Adam Gleason PSY-201 February 20, 2011 Nekeyla Oliver Testing Intelligence The IQ Test Labs offers a free Web-based intelligence test. I, personally, completed the test with a score of 129. The website states that the average score is 100. intelligencetest.com (personal communication February, 20, 2011) presented an analysis that stated, “Well done! Your performance on the test was well above the population average which means that you have the ability to achieve success in life. Typically, people with scores in this range can see logic in their surroundings and perform very well academically. You like to conceptualize ideas and gather your own information which means that you have the brains to go far. You should be able to handle all academic challenges and if you think of intelligence as an ability to adapt adequately to new situations then you are heading in the right direction” I have taken IQ tests in the past and scored similarly, thus, I would be led to believe that these results are accurate. However, I am not sure what is considered an accurate assessment of intelligence and what is not. I have always seemed to excel in each of the different intelligences, and overall academically, so these results could very possibly be quite accurate. Personally, I would not believe that this test was biased in any way except that many of the questions seemed to be based in the logical-mathematical intelligence. Additionally, only thirty questions...
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...-Did you feel the results were accurate? My score was a 101, which indicated that my intellectual level is normal. This must be right because just like anyone else I like to think that I am highly intelligent but when you think about it I only know what I have been taught. Since I received my GED there were a lot of simple things that I was not taught. I moved a lot as a child and that too was a reason for me being so behind in my classes in school. I ended up taking this one math class for three years straight. -Was the test biased in any way? I do not believe that this test was biased in any way. I think that this test tested me in many aspects of intelligence and my score reflected on that. In order for this test to be biased it would have to persuade me towards a certain point and this test did not do anything like that. -How do you feel about these types of scores being used to compare you with another person? Please explain. I like it when I am compared to other people when taking this type of test. I like competition and when I see my scores against other people I like to come out on top. I am a very competitive person and when I do well I feel accomplished. Doing so also helps me to build my self-esteem and makes me feel like I can do...
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...Intelligence Testing Article Analysis PSY 450 Instructor: Iman Turner July 18, 2011 Intelligence Testing Article Analysis When the word intelligence is used, the idea of IQ testing most likely comes to mind. Intelligence regularly defines the intellectual prospective that an individual is born with, but can be measured and dimensions that is problematic to modification. The meaning of intelligence is unpretentious; it is an individual's ability to learn, reason, and solve problems. What makes intelligence complex is the way an individual ration that ability and the dimension it us used. During the early 1900s intelligence testing of separating or segregating individuals that reflected low intelligence was one the first methods used. Calculating an individual’s intelligence is devised as the ultimate goal for an excessive number of professors and psychologists. Multi Intelligence Humans are multi intelligent beings. Consequently, intelligence testing simply cannot deliver a truthful illustration of an individual’s intelligence level, rather the testing only measure two forms intelligence that are linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligences according to Howard Gardner (Smith, 2008). Yet, Howard Gardner believes that human being contain other intelligence other than linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligences. The human being intelligence is made up of bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence, musical intelligence, spatial intelligence, social...
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...PSY 201 Week 7 assignment 04/15/2012 Testing Intelligence • What is an intelligence quotient? How is this score determined? The intelligence quotient is a score that is measured by one’s chronological and mental age, and then multiplied by 100. The use of this test is to basically determine the I.Q. of an individual, while taking into account their experience because of their age. To determine the mental age of an individual, a test was given that was developed by Alfred Binet. This test was discovered by testing an equal amount of students, that teachers had labeled dull and bright, and giving them all the same test and averaging the results to determine how close to their age they were. This was contributed to the I.Q. exam. The test arranges the chronological age of an individual as the denominator and the mental age as the numerator. This fraction is then multiplied by one hundred, coming up with the intelligence quotient for that individual. With the experimentation of the test, the determination can be made that an individual that has a mental age equal to their chronological age will have an I.Q. of one hundred. It can also be said, that someone with the mental age greater than their chronological age will have an I.Q. over one hundred. Averaging the test, the most common I.Q. score is one hundred. • Describe the kinds of characteristics commonly assessed in an IQ test. The approaches that determine the characteristics vary...
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...Intelligence Testing: A Smart student, a Failed Idea. Jorge L. Santander College of the Canyons Abstract The idea that intelligence tests can help teachers/educators make curriculums that can help educate students better has received considerable attention from scholars and the media. There have been many issues regarding the testing of kids with some type of intelligence tests. Some studies state that the tests are biased and some studies say that they are not. It is hard to say which belief are right as both sides have a good points and both are backed by world renowned psychologists. We looked at both sides and we interviewed teacher from three different schools districts in the greater Santa Clarita valley. The answers that we got from the teachers were very interesting. We asked the teacher’s questions giving on whether giving an IQ test to the student would be beneficial. To understand the answers that we were given, you have to understand the beginnings of the Intelligence test. Intelligence Testing: A Smart student, a Failed Idea. Introduction Brainiac, nerd, egghead, and smarty-pants, these are all ways to describe smart people. What is the advantage of being super smart? It seems like no matter what we do we have to take some kind of test to do move up in the...
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...Intelligence Testing Article Analysis PSY 450 May 21, 2012 Joseph Gaines Intelligence Testing Article Analysis In earlier years many of the intelligence test that had been developed were culturally biased. The early intelligence test favored people that were from urban areas and not people from rural areas. The early intelligence test also favored people who were of the middle class status and not those of the lower class status. The earlier intelligence test also favored people who were white rather than people who were black. In this paper the author will review several different articles that are related to intelligence testing. The definition of intelligence may vary among the different cultures (Rogoff, 1990). An example of the differences among cultures and the way they view intelligence is European Americans think of intelligence in technical skills terms whereas people that are from Kenya consider intelligence to be someone who is an active participant in family and social life. Another example of the way culture views intelligence is people from Uganda view someone as being intelligent if they know the right thing to do and then they follow through with the right actions. Another example is the of the variations on how intelligence is viewed from culture to culture is the latmu people that are from Papua New Guinea, they believe people who have the ability to remember 10, 000 to 20,000 clans as intelligent. The people of the Carolina Island people believe that...
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...Intelligence Testing Article Analysis PSY/450, 2014 Intelligence Testing Article Analysis Mapping out the definition of intelligence is not a simple task, it is an ambiguous term that has a variety of definitions. When defining intelligence there appears to be common ground in phrases such as one’s ability to acquire knowledge, ‘he ability to solve problems, or the ability to understand and follow instructions. There are many more phrases and terms that one associates with intelligence, and this may be in part because, the differences of defining intelligence may lie in the fact that questions for evaluating intelligence may not have the same connotation in differing cultures. Shiraev and Levy state that intelligence is the necessary factor that allows an organism to adapt to its surroundings, a way of understanding one’s world (Shiraev, 2010). Along with understanding one’s world, intelligence allows one to make and complete goals, and overcome obstacles that may come into one’s life. This understanding of intelligence sets a good basis for understanding and defining intelligence, however, a do develop a greater understanding it is necessary to study the different theoretical testing of intelligence. This review will also examine the effectiveness of these various theories. Multiple Intelligence Theory In the late 1980’s Howard Gardner introduces a different viewpoint to the traditional theories of intelligence. He did this by including, language, logical-math, spatial...
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...Help from…Howard Gardner? The Testing of Multiple Intelligences It is the first day of school at H.G. Elementary School. At recess, Bobby organizes a game of tag, while Suzy stands awkwardly against the wall; but come Sunday morning, Suzy is the star of the dance recital. Sarah can ace her spelling test if she creates a rhythmic pattern to each word but just cannot seem to solve story-problems in math. Jayden never needs a calculator to add, subtract, multiply, or divide but hates music because he just cannot seem to stay with the beat. Maribeth excels in history, and absorbs what she reads like a sponge, while Jessica prefers art and has pieces in the up-coming exhibit. Spencer takes care of the classroom’s terrarium and is a whiz with keeping the environment just right for the frogs, turtle, and lizards. Reed is a bit quiet and keeps to himself, which is no wonder since he is always thinking about the meaning of life and really enjoys reading about the great philosophers. While these examples seem completely normal for everyday life, they actually illustrate Howard Gardner’s theory on multiple intelligences. Howard Gardner developed his theory on multiple intelligences which differentiated intelligence into eight areas rather than a singular, all-or-nothing intelligence. That is to say that to be considered intelligent, one could excel in any of the eight areas and no one area would be superior to another. Gardner’s eight types of intelligence are: musical, visual-spatial...
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...Intelligence Article Analysis Paper PSY 450 November 4, 2013 Intelligence Article Analysis Paper Intelligence Testing and Theories Intelligence measuring is important for individuals for various reasons. Testing intelligence throughout the years has changed. People change and not the same factors can determine one’s intelligence. The majority of individuals who take intelligence testing are for placement, such as children starting school, college, and employment. Children for example, take testing, and evaluations to see what cognitive development level the child is at and to see if that child meets the basic standard for that age group (Benson, 2003). Intelligence testing determines the level for college students, and adults, such as entering college, and employee candidates for job placement. Today in society there are several testing options for intelligence, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), Standford-Binet Intelligence Scale, and College Admission Test (SAT), (Benson, 2003). The American Psychological Association uses the intelligent intelligence approach for testing, as other professionals do. The intelligence testing determines effectiveness, and analyzes theories in this paper. Intelligence Testing Theories Intelligence testing is determined through a series of tests and evaluations. The evaluations are administered first to determine what type of testing is acquired. College student entering college must take a SAT test first before entering college...
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...Report #2 Intelligent Intelligence Testing By Etienne Benson Monitor staff Having read the above named article, I found three points that are worthy of emphasizing. These are as follows: 1. Intelligence tests unfairly categorize students by race, gender, class and culture. 2. Propagates the idea that people are born with an unchangeable endowment of intellectual potential that determines their success in life. 3. Practitioners want tests that can help them design interventions that will actually improve students’ learning. My Reaction As I read this article, my eyes were focused on the “one size fit all” mentality that exists in most of our Jamaican classrooms. The reality is that many of our students are left behind due to the advent of standardized intelligence testing which focuses on the product instead of the process. I believe standardized intelligence testing has its part to play, but in a holistic sense, it is ineffective and should be removed from the education system. One can reflect on the many students who are said to “fail or underperform” in the Grade Six Achievement Test (GSAT) each year to clearly understand that this form of testing must give way to something that is more holistic and student friendly, which focuses on the many steps the student had to take to reach where he is at. Students learn differently and therefore perform at various levels. If a student who has a learning difficulty sits a standardized intelligence test such as GSAT, he...
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...What are some examples of ways in which observational learning has benefited you in your life? Are there instances in which observational learning has worked to your disadvantage? While I was a teenager about the age of 13 years old I visited my cousins in the country area where they had a coconut farm. While on the farm I observed my cousin climbed a tall coconut palm tree using his hand and feet in a well coordinated movement of hand and feet. I was then able to climb the tree in the same manner. Another occasion where I used observational learning to my benefit was in the military where I observed a demonstration of how to negotiate obstacles I then applied what I saw done and successfully did the same. (Bandura, 1986) However, I have no example where observational learning was used to my disadvantage but rather I have on occasions observed others mistakes and learnt how not to do something; that is: learning form others mistakes. As an eyewitness to a crime, how could you use information in this chapter to improve your memory for specific details? If you were a juror, what would you say to the other jurors about the reliability of eyewitness testimony? Being an eye witness to a crime I can help improve my memory by Maintenance rehearsal of the information stored in my Short Term Memory I can extend the duration of your Short Term Memory (STM). Because the capacity and duration...
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...I was a little excited to take the test to determine just what my strengths and weaknesses are. I scored a 98 which I though was a little low. While I feel I should have taken a little more time with the test, I do feel the results were accurate. I am in no way a genius. According to the test results, my highest score was in the general knowledge section. I also feel that this is also accurate. I do tend to know things about the world that surprise some people. My lowest score was derived from the spatial section of the test. I seem to have an inability to manipulate 3D objects. This I also feel is true since these questions on the test were the most difficult for me. The rest of the sections I scored average which goes along with my overall score. I do wonder why they ask what your age, gender, and few other personal questions though. If I had answered those differently would my score have changed? This makes me feel that this test is biased to age groups and your gender, and also make me want to take the test over again and changed a few personal answers to see if my score would change. As far as being compared to other individuals who also take the test, it doesn’t bother me a bit. It’s good to know how you rank among your peers. This will help in determining what skills you need to work on in order to help your brain function the way you want it...
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...Standardized Testing: An Ineffective Way to Measure Students’ Intelligence High-stakes testing turns many classrooms and schools into prep centers rather than offering rich, engaging, well-rounded instruction. Rote and narrow instruction bores and alienates students, making them tune out and feel they are little more than their scores (FairTest, 2004). High schools exit exams (FairTest, 2008) push many thousands of students out of school. As a result of these factors, urban graduation rates have decreased. Some students see no realistic option other than dropping out; some are deliberately pushed out or fail the tests. Either way, these young people are much more likely to end up in trouble or in prison. ("How Testing Feeds the School-to-Prison Pipeline") According to Peter D. Hart, a research associate for the Association of American Colleges and Universities, standardized tests unfairly measure students’ intelligence and academic performance. Therefore, the tests must be changed drastically or abandoned completely. Educators and parents have vocalized their view on the rising number of standardized tests the government has implemented in efforts to improve education in American schools. In light of the No Child Left Behind legislation under President George W. Bush, the government administers more and more tests to children, predominantly in lower grade levels ("Standardized Testing"). Along with No Child Left Behind, opponents have shown their disapproval of these...
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...section, I was able to relate to the Trial and Error piece of this chapter. In my current job function, I preform User Acceptance testing; this is a form of the Trial and Error strategy. I agree with the chapter in that he Trial and Error strategy can be very time consuming, but is necessary to ensure the desired results are being returned. Also from the chapter, I was also able to acknowledge that myself and some of my work peers experience functional fixedness. We are so use to following a certain process or procedure a certain way, that we block new insight to a more efficient way of doing things. I know being more opened minded can help lower the chances of functional fixedness interfering with finding a more efficient solution. The Language piece of the chapter went over how language has its own syntax, and this I found interesting. The syntax (set of rules for combining words) piece shed some light for me on why people who speak different languages use the same words but may communicate something completely different than what I am trying to communicate- it’s all about the set of rules for that particular language. I thought the Intelligence section was interesting in how it posed the question of what intelligence really is, and how intelligence testing has been used in the past. I was surprised to learn that intelligence testing was being...
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