...Internal and External Factors I think the internal and external on the four function of management is planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. These functions of management are need in business to be successful in a continuously advancing world. There are some internal factors include ethics, diversity, and innovation. I think the ethics affects the leadership and controlling functions of management as diversity and innovation are the leading and organizational the functions of management. The external that affect the four function management is technology and globalization. I think that globalization and technology is the major factors that affect the business world today. Both are a most have in large organization by excel above their competition. They are also need to organizational in planning to keep up with the demand of readily available products. In today world the market can change overnight cause management to make decision that will put their company in a poison that they will adapt to the technology change in the business world. In the business world globalization are the important for the success of the growth and survival of the business marketing. I believe major factor to a business success is the moral and the ethical integrity of the management team. The ethical is determines of the quality of their employees in a business that is able to retain and maintaining the loyalty in the business. When manager display ethical integrity in the business their...
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...Internal and External Equity Comparison HRM 324 April 28, 2014 Internal and External Equity Comparison` When reviewing a successful companies' portfolio to determine what makes them more successful from the next, you will find the company will have a strong compensation plan. A Compensation Plan is one of the more important aspects in the organizational environment. Before formulating the compensation plan based on internal and external equity, it is important to first understand what internal and external equity refers to. External equity is said to be prevailing in the organization when the employees are rewarded with fair compensation to those who perform similar jobs in other organizations. External equity persists when an organization's pay rates are equal to the rates prevailing in the organization's market. (Lederer & Weinberg, 1995) Internal equity is present when the employees are being provided with fair wages relative to the value of their jobs within the organization. Responsibility, rewards and compensation provided to an employee should be in equity with the other person working at similar position within the organization. When formulating an effective compensation plan that is based on the internal equity, it is important to first consider the basic factors. The first step is to understand the types and varieties of jobs being performed by various employees within the organization and also the required level of skills, education...
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...University of Phoenix Material Audit and Business Structure Worksheet Write a response of no more than 150 words for each the following questions: |Compare a review and an audit. What are the differences? What are the similarities? | |The accounting information is the target of the audit. It is a measure to check internal control and financial reporting of the company. | |This entails a plan of action and systematic steps to consistently audit a business. The audit is an objective process of evaluating the | |statements the company makes about its economic condition. It also determines if the company followed the proper procedures in communicating| |the financial results to its users. | |In a review, the accountant receives limited assurance of no material modification made to financial statements. A review is generally | |completed for banks or potential purchasures that a mainly looking for comfort in the financial statement. | |Comparative Features: | |Review-Accountant has limited assurance | |Audit-Auditor obtains high level of assurance ...
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...OOPS Concept with Real-world example Introduction OOP is Nothing but Object Oriented Programming.According to Wikipedia, Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that uses "objects" and their interactions to design applications and computer programs. OOPs have following features 1. Object - Instance of class 2. Class - Blue print of Object 3. encapsulation - Protecting our data 4. polymorphism - Different behaviors at diff. instances 5. abstraction - Hidding our irrelavance data 6. inheritence - one property of object is aquring to another property of object 1. Object Basically an object is anything that is identifiable as an single material item. You can see around and find many objects like Camera, Monitor, Laptop etc. In OOP perspective, an object is nothing but an instance of a class that contains real values instead of variables 2. Class A class is a template definition of the methods and variables for a particular kind of object. In other words, class is the blue print from which an individual objects are created. every human has eye ,so eyecolor can be considered as the property of human being which can be encapsulted as a data in our class Human class Human { private: EyeColor IColor; NAME personname; }; Consider object of class of Human myhuman; we want set myhuman's name as "linto" and IColor as "black", For that we want methods to do that task. So need methods...
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...Leonard deems sexy, and they proceed to pursue a sexual relationship. It could also be interpreted that sexism could be a theme when sex is not available. When Kate submits a story, being defined as a “prude,” Leonard is bored before ending the first sentence, and is bored with her immediately every time following. That is, until she submits something under the guise of a transvestite Cubano gang leader. Leonard loves the story and thinks it’s the next best thing to come to literature. Kate, herself being a feminist, sees this injustice, which in turn causes more conflict. In addition to external conflict, there is also internal conflict. Kate deals with the struggle of loving Martin but not being loved in return. Martin deals with the interal conflict of Izzy and her...
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...YMCA of Greater Toronto | February 252013 | | | Outline 1. History * Founded * How they became sucessful * Their Goal 2. Green Practices * Interal * Business * Community 3. Conclusion 4. References February 25, 2013 Catrina Mcbride Professor Algonquin College Subject: YMCA of Greater Toronto’s Green Practices Dear Ms. Mcbride: I am writing this report to you as a follow up to the proposal that I had wrote to you in the weeks before. In this report I have gathered information on the the YMCA of Greater Toronto’s green practices, and the steps that they are are taking to ensure that their company is becoming more environmentally friendly. In the proceeding, I will have brought to your knowledge a brief history, internal and external green practices of this company. History Founded in 1844 during the Industrial Revolution by George Williams in London, England, the Young Men’s Christiand Association (YMCA) was an alternative to unhealthy social conditions. The first YMCA in North America was opened in 1851 in Montreal, Quebec but the first YMCA in Toronto started in 1888 when the first indoor YMCA pool was built. Was the YMCA always this succesfull? No, the YMCA was never this succesfull because when it first opened it was only available of Protestant churches. This did not last long, as soon enough people from all churches were welcome. Now people of all ages, religion and background are welcomed as they please....
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...Change Models Lewin’s three stage application Evidence from case study Unfreeze: The cultural change program began with the management team completing an organisational culture questionnaire, developed by an international consulting company, to determine the preferred culture for the organisation. Management and employees then completed a second organisational culture questionnaire to determine the actual operating culture. Change/Transition: Selected management initiatives were implemented to bridge gap between the preferred and actual operating culture. These included: • development of an agreed set of organisational values • active encouragement of problem solving and project development through cross-functional work teams • introduction of skip-level interviews which involved employees speaking with their manager's manager on a regular basis • monthly meetings of staff from all levels with the Managing Director -all staff can volunteer to participate, with five or six randomly selected each month • review of reward and recognition systems to ensure preferred cultural behaviours are encouraged • annual 'Blue Zone days' in which preferred cultural behaviours are explored and clarified through fun and engaging activities. Blue Zone" refers to the constructive styles on the Organisational Culture Inventory (Gones et al. 2006), which defined preferred cultural attributes. Refreeze: Cultural surveys are now conducted every two years and there has been...
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...Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 U.S. Senator Paul Sarbnes of Maryland and U.S. Representative Michael Oxley of Ohio followed a series of corporate failures, which inacted the SOX Act based on Enron’s bankruptcy and other key organizations such as Worldcom, Tyco, Xerox, and Adelphia who were among the United States organizations executives in the headlines for misdemeanors and multi-billion dollar reassertions," (Dembinski, Lager, Cornford, Bonvin, 2005). The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, (SOX) was incorporated to strengthen the internal improvements and oversight of corporate control. The primary purpose is to shield and protect shareholders from fradualent activities within the public sector and the stock market. The table below provides a list of a few provisions implemented in SOX Act. Section 302 | Section 401 | Section 404 | Section 409 | Section 802 | Requires that corporate administration confirm that they have assessed the financial reports. | Requires that financial reports include disclosure about any applicable off-balance sheet responsibilities that may exist. | Requires organizations to state whether or not the business's internal mechanism technique are sufficient and operative. | Requires administration to update the public of important budgetary matters when they occur, instead of waiting until the annual or quarterly report. | Imposes penalties for abuses of the SOX rules, which could lead to fines or some jail time. | A description...
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...Jennifer Walden Week 2 Sunday, 19 January Chapter 3 - Homework #2 - Compare and contrast managerial efficiency and effectiveness Managerial effectiveness focus is accomplishing the end objective and as a result takes into thought and the up-and-downs that may change in the future. Managerial efficiency is concerned with the current status. Thinking about the future and addition or eliminating any resources might concern the current state of efficiency. In other words management efficiency is trying to do the things in the right way where management effectiveness is trying to do the right things. #3 – Identify the key factors in cultural change Information – this is to provide people with information or ability to gather information. Making information available at every level increases employee motivation and permits faster decision making. Support – support and collaboration is from other departments when needed. Organization will then remove the fear of failure and provide climate that supports people in taking risks. Resources – this includes funds, staff, equipment, and materials to carry out the projects. These key factors will make the successfulness · Understand the old culture – managers should understand the existing culture · Follow outstanding units – recognize exemplary units and use them as a model for change. · Encourage change in employees – encourage employees to change and improve the current culture · Involve employees – avoid imposing...
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...strategies. Ethical consideration – Ethical consideration happens on four different levels: personal, economical, societal/enviromental, and technological. Throughly analyzing each level of consideration creates a much better understanding of different morals and values in our society. Ethical Theories – Can ethical theories be applied to help assist leaders to make more informed decisions towards developing eco-friendly principles? Based on the dentology theory and the four fundamental questions using Kantian ethics, we determined that establishing a eco-friendly principle could become a moral law. Ethical Decision-making process – Businesses that integreate a decision-making process revolving around eco-friendly core, will establish a interal company culture that will guide them to make the nessisary decisions to consistantly be enviromentally aware. Based on the findings in the report, we can conclude that it is possible for businesses to maintain a desirable level of profits and at the same time become a green business. Introduction Henry Ford once said, “Thank God men cannot fly, and lay waste the sky as well as the earth.” In today’s society, small businesses along with huge corporations face the challenge of profitability for their shareholders while being economically responsible through their business strategy. Centuries ago, there were seldom any regulation or attention towards environmental awareness and protection. However, as society has witness many tragic...
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...Hydrostatic vs Osmotic Pressure Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure going outward from the capillary. Hydrostatic Pressure forces the fluid from capillary to move outward into the interstitial space. Osmotic pressure is the water trying to move from interstitial space into the capillary Hydrostatic pressure will be greater in the arterial side as opposed to the venule side. Osmotic Pressure is constant throughout the capillary. Because the hydrostatic pressure drops across the capillary, at the artery side fluid is pushed into the interstitial space whereas in the venule side, fluid is pushed into the vessel. If you have high blood pressure, it can cause build up of fluid in interstitial space (due to high hydrostatic pressure) and cause edema. Also, if fluid is not taken in by lymphatic vessels, it can also cause edema. Water that is lost from fluid due to hydrostatic pressure eventually goes into lymph vessels and is put back into the vessels. Note: Capillary walls are made up of endothelial cells Sodium Potassium ATPase: Pumps 3 Na ions out and 2 K ions in. Ketone Bodies: Ketone bodies are produced when AcetylcoA exceeds krebs cycles capacity. So, when you are starving, ketone bodies are used primarily rather than glucose. Glucose is preserved for brain. Brain, heart, muscle can use ketone bodies. Liver cannot use ketone bodies. Insulin: Insulin helps glucose intake by cells normally. Unsaturated fat is easy to burn off because they produce...
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...GENERAL SIR JOHN KOTELAWALA DEFENCE UNIVERSITY CLASS ASSIGNMENT SUBJECT: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY POLICY & PLANNING (MEG 3123) Prepared by Name | Number | | | MBA IN E-GOVERNANCE Programme 111 Year 2 Semester III Report Submission Date : 15 October 2015 Lecturer: Lt Col (Retd) Athula Samarasinghe Student declaration: | I declare that: | * I understand what is meant by plagiarism * The implications of plagiarism have been explained to me by our institution * This assignment is all my own work and I have acknowledged any use of the published or unpublished works of other people. | Student's signature: | Date: | Total number of pages including this cover page | | Submission Date | | Due Date | -10-2015 | Lecturer's Name | Lt Col (Retd) Athula Samarasinghe | OFFICIAL USE ONLY MARKER’S COMMENTS | Marker’s Name | Marks Awarded (100%) | Analysis of Topshoes Company Introduction This is an analysis of make-believe company called “topshoes”, with aim of drafting/imposing IT policies in each area where IT has been used. This hypothetical “topshoe” brand focuses on all age groups of the company. Products of this company maintain high demand in the local market as well as foreign markets. The company is very much concerns with the quality of the products and cost effective ways of manufacturing by using cutting edge technology as well as appropriate IT applications witch effects both quality and cost...
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...孙子曰：兵者，国之大事，死生之地，存亡之道，不可不察也。战略，公司大事，亦是死生之地，存亡之道，不可不察也。战略和人力资源管理的结合就是战略人力资源管理。当人力资源管理的决策和策略关系到了企业的生死存亡，决定了企业的运营效率的时候，人力资源管理也就上升到了一个战略的高度。战略人力资源管理的研究大约是从上世纪70年代末和80年初发展起来的。 第一篇文章主要目的是评估SHRM（战略人力资源管理）的2000年以前研究。首先其明确了基本的定义。其指出在一般的课本中很多都没注意到战略的真正含义。正如上所说，人力资源战略关系企业生死，一个好的人力资源战略强调的是“整合”企业人力资源的能力。这是“战略”的实际意义和功能解读。“战略”也是站在高的视角、洞见了企业事务的本质。这个本质就是“战略”是企业利益相关人的利益的长期的平衡。“political negotiation”成为战略管理的重要特征之一。文章提出了三个问题来明确SHRM的含义和作用：1.什么样的HRM策略对公司来说是非常重要和关键的？2.公司是依据什么来作出HRM策略的？3.如何使公司的HRM变得更加的有效率？文章通过提出了三个问题来展开对SHRM的研究评价。第一，公司的SHRM是多样性的，没有统一的范式。第二，公司的状况是千差万别的。比如有的实施多元化的战略，甚至有的各个事业之间没有多大的相关。这也就造成了人力资源管理不同。第三是国际化公司。其面临着文化的差异，这就涉及到了比较的HRM和国际化的SHRM. 文章通过大量的文献探讨了SHRM领域内两个重要的模型：`best fit' or `best practice'。 `best fit' 就是权变的、情境的理论。主要分为‘external fit’（或者叫vertical fit）和‘interal fit’（或者叫‘horizontal fit’）。对于‘external...
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...5-4: In general what is a union “local”. What are the role and functions of union locals? How are they structured and governed? A local union can either be independent or it can be affiliated with and subject to the authority of a provincial, national, or international (US based) parent union. The local level is the union, while in the latter, it serves as the basic unit of the union. Union locals are typically established on the basis of geographical proximity. Locals typically represent eligible workers at a single location, though in the case of so-called amalgamated locals where two locals have joined together, they may represent workers at a number of locations within a geographical area. (Public sector locals can cover all employees in a municipal region or even a province) Role of union locals: 1. contract administration: it is generally the local that represents workers on a day-to-day basis and it is at the local level that most union members have the greatest opportunity for participation in union affairs. 2. Negotiation: members have the right to take part in local meetings and to vote on local level issues. Local unions represent their members in collective bargaining either through the actual conduct of negotiations or through some form of representation on the union bargaining committee. 3. Consultation with management: 4. Worker compensation: worker comp claims 5. local politics ( primary day-to-day role of the local unions is ensuring that the...
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...Operational Practices of Tobacco Industry PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT - E [Dr. Irshad Khan] Submitted By Irfan Junejo – 9063 13th April 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 INTRODUCTION: 5 Some Facts About Tobacco Industry: 5 NUMBER OF FACTORIES, PRODUCTION: 5 2.1.0 NUMBER OF UNITS PRODUCED: (DURING LAST FIVE YEARS) 5 2.1.1 POTENTIAL FOR PRODUCTION: 5 2.2.2 AREA UNDER DIFFERENT TYPES OF TOBACCO IN PAKISTAN (HECTARES) 6 2.2.3 PRODUCTION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF TOBACCO IN PAKISTAN (MILLION KGS) 6 2.2.0 MARKET CAPITALIZATION: 6 2.3.0 NUMBER OF FACTORIES: 6 2.4.0 MAJOR CITIES FOR THE INDUSTRY WITH INDIVIDUAL STATISTICS: 7 INDUSTRY CONTRIBUTION TO GDP: 7 EMPLOYMENT IN INDUSTRY: 7 TOTAL TRADING STATISTICS FOR THE LAST TEN YEARS (1997-2007): 8 Government Legislations: 8 AREA UNDER DIFFERENT TYPES OF TOBACCO IN PAKISTAN (HECTARES) 8 PRODUCTION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF TOBACCO IN PAKISTAN (MILLION KGS) 9 OVERVIEW: 9 COMPANY: 1 PAKISTAN TOBACCO COMPANY 9 COMPANY PROFILE: 9 COMPANY HISTORY: 10 COMPANY’S BRANDS: 10 CAPACITY UTILIZATION: 11 CURRENT MANAGEMENT & OPERATIONAL STRUCTURE: 11 BOARD OF DIRECTORS: 11 COMPANY: 2 LAKSON TOBACCO COMPANY 11 Company Profile & HISTORY: 11 Mission: 12 Corporate Values: 12 COMPANY’S BRANDS: 12 CURRENT MANAGEMENT & OPERATIONAL STRUCTURE: 12 BOARD OF DIRECTORS: 12 EXPANSION PLANS: 13 CAPACITY UTILIZATION: 13 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS: 13 COMPARISON: 14 INDUSTRY GROWTH RATE FOR LAST TEN YEARS:...
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