...Intermediate Sanctions: Theories of Discipline To define what intermediate sanctions means to hold the youth involved accountable for their actions and through interventions which are much more restrictive, along with being more intensive than the standard probation; yet it falls short of a secure long term incarceration. For the youths whom fall short to respond to informal sanctions by re-offending and for some violent or drug-involved who need constant supervision, plenty of structure in their day, and monitoring but not necessarily meaning being institutionalized either. There are alternatives which can be a bit more restrictive of intermediate sanctions, for example; Training schools and Boot camps they are most often considered to be equivalent to incarceration in the terms of being harsh and severe towards punishment. Meanwhile with being known as conglomerate-care facilities; the training schools and boot camps are very much long term choices for confinement fit for juveniles in a correctional system layout....
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...Intermediate sanctions are not to be taken lightly nor is it a get out of jail free card. But, for those who have committed a crime intermediate sanction is an alternative solution to prison. While prison populations are overcrowded, intermediate sanction is another form of punishment without adding to the prison system. In this case, a young man has suffered for far too long at the hands of his father. After years of physical and mental abuse a 23 year old man killed his father. The young man has had a criminal free record until this point and does not show any signs of recidivism (Peak, 2012). This man should not be sent to prison because he suffered at the hands of his father, an alternative solution should be appropriate form of punishment....
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...Discussion Question 1: Identify and discuss different types of sanctions used in correctional operations. Support your Answer. There are many different types of intermediate sanctions used in the United States; they are called intermediate sanctions because they are less severe than prison and more confining than probation. There is intensive supervision probation which includes a more rigorous and encompassing supervision by probation officers of their caseloads, which includes more frequent drug testing and the probationers are considered high risk when considering a possibility of reoffending. Another type of sanction is work release program that regulates an offenders movements, but allows them to maintain employment. One more type of...
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...Intermediate sanctions are criminal penalties that do not include jail time or probation. Intermediate sanctions fall in the middle of these types of punishments and offer an alternative to them. Intermediate sanctions are sanctions that restrict the offender more than does simple probation and that constitute actual punishment for more serious offenders. Intermediate sanctions are intended to provide judges with more flexibility when directing sentences. There are several sanctions programs for offenders to participate in. House arrest involves the offender being confined to his or her home. The offender cannot leave unless traveling to and from court, work or school may sometimes be allowed. Community service involves the offender to do different types of volunteer work, such as street cleaning, helping in a soup kitchen, or volunteering in a hospital setting. More than $1 million in fines is collected annually in the United States from offenders. Restitution is a sum of money that the...
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...Intermediate Sanctions and Community Corrections Intermediate sanctions are sentences, a criminal sentence in between being incarcerated and or on probation. Dual purposes are it helps reduce overcrowding and it lessens the burden off the prison system, it helps to reduce a relapse of committing the same crime by finding the behaviors of the defendants; the reasoning behind committing the crime in the first place. An example is if the drug treatment programs work the individual will not be likely to commit the same crime due to they do not want drugs anymore. If the individual wants to make positive changes the support is there yet if the individual does not want these changes the individual is making it a negative impact on one’s life the outcome is not good. I believe more involvement on the positive sanctions such as reduce crime would be helpful, I know tighter restrictions require more money therefore more involvement making this a negative. Community correction's mission is to protect its citizens from harm it provides supervision to offenders placed in the custody of community corrections. It’s positive for the citizens and the offenders, safety and behavior life style changes for the better. Some negatives would be that alternatives do not increase the risk of public safety. The attitudes of the community toward the offenders in the program can be negative but not all negative, the stereotype is what causes the negatively. I think the only concern is the community...
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...Split sentencing and shock probation are both design to deterred crime. However, there are some differences between the two. Split sentencing is a combination of sentence including incarceration and probation time. The judge is the one in charge of determining the combination sentence given to those offenders. Split sentencing is normally given to those offenders that are considered low risk offenders. The offenders may be “sentenced to up to one year, with a maximum incarceration of six months” (Champion, 2008). The rest of the time is served while on probation. Shock Probation, main three objectives are deterrence, reintegration and rehabilitation. By allowing the offenders to served the rest of their time on probation, shock probation helps them maintaining a job, support themselves, and family. Shock probation also allows offenders to participate in programs design to help them with their problems. While on shock probation, offenders are able to be productive citizens in their communities. “The rate for recidivism after completing shock probation averages under 30 percent” (Champion, 2008). Some believe this is due to the fact that those sentenced to shock probation are low risk non-violent offenders. Programs like the Louisiana IMPACT Program were created to rehabilitate, discipline offenders, deterred crime, ease prison overcrowding and for educational services. The IMPACT Program requires three to six months in the facility the program is based on two stages. The...
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...ECONOMIC SANCTIONS Introduction This essay main is to conduct a critically, and logically analyze of both the economic and ethical consequences that emanate from imposed economic sanctions. The first section of the essay will also deeply appreciate on the definition of an economic sanction and also clearly and logically evaluate whether it is a good strategy to make the other nations honor and respect their demands. This is mostly with an aim to avoid any form of generalization that is done by most people who assume it’s a good practice and also a form of defensive mechanism to coerce the other nation consider on its ultimatums by delivering and basing my argument on a critical analysis point of view. The second paragraph will mainly constitute and analyze the effects of an imposed economic sanction as well as it’s political, ethical, and economic impact on the nations involved. On the conclusion bit, I will give an opinion putting into consideration both the positive and the negative effects of the economic sanctions and also assess on their viability and applicability. Main body Ethics or morality, rather than being general, are highly diversified according to different times, spaces, and groups. As Nardin argued, “ethics involves principles, but it also involves the interpretation and application of these principles by particular persons in particular circumstances” (1992: 2). Economic sanctions are a form of domestic fines and even penalties that are imposed...
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...NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE GRAVITY EQUATION IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE: AN EXPLANATION Thomas Chaney Working Paper 19285 http://www.nber.org/papers/w19285 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 August 2013 I want to thank Fernando Alvarez, Michal Fabinger, Xavier Gabaix, Sam Kortum, Bob Lucas, Jim Tybout, Jon Vogel and seminar participants in Berkeley, Bilkent, Bocconi, Boston University, Chicago, Erasmus, Hitotsubashi, LBS, Louvain-CORE, LSE, the NY Fed, Oxford, Princeton, Rochester, Sciences Po, Toulouse, UBC Vancouver, Yale and Zurich for helpful discussions, and NSF grant SES-1061622 for financial support. I am indebted to Jong Hyun Chung, Stefano Mosso and Adriaan Ten Kate for their research assistance. During the last year, I have received compensation for teaching activities from the Toulouse School of Economics, as well a research grant from the National Science Foundation (SES-1061622), in excess of $10,000. The views expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peerreviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2013 by Thomas Chaney. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit...
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...Operational Barriers to Success Operations Management: Solutions to Business Challenges Abstract There are many obstacles in any given business operations that can impact a company’s efficiencies, morale, supply chain, and it’s customer base. Identifying these obstacles and creating processes to mitigate them is paramount to a company’s success. In this paper, we will explore a few of them in order to better understand the cause and effect of these barriers. We will also look at various possible solutions to the barriers by investigating a case study for an architectural firm in which I used to work for. Week 1 - Assignment 3: Operational Barriers to Success What are some tools that an organization could use to move the company forward? This is a question that is not easily answerable, but is at its core, a very valuable and necessary function to understand. Tools such as Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (S.W.O.T) analysis (Russell, 2010) is a very theoretical way of identifying the companies overall mission as well as understanding the needs to stay competitive in its given market place. However, there are more pragmatic ways of looking at a firm’s efficiency and areas of opportunity to better the operating processes within an organization. Some of these other tools that todays leading firms can utilize to further the market share are things like workflow analysis (Russell, 2010), data flow charts and diagrams, and value engineering (Jergeas...
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...two-thirds of the world’s population were subject to United States imposed sanctions (Van den Berg, 228). Currently the U.S. has sanctions imposed on countries such as Burma, North Korea and Cuba. The Cuban sanctions date back to the 1960’s. Sanctions can be imposed by one or several countries and come in a variety of shapes and sizes. This paper will examine trade and economic sanctions, the effectiveness of sanctions, as well as evaluate the sanctions the United States has imposed upon Iraq, Cuba, and North Korea. Trade sanctions, according to International Economics A Heterodox Approach, are trade restrictions imposed by a country in order to punish or persuade another country to change objectionable policies or behavior. Sanctions can be imposed either unilaterally or by a group of countries, or an organization such as the League of Nations, or the World Trade Organization. Trade sanctions can range from mild, selectively concentrating on a certain aspect of the economy, to extreme, targeting a countries entire economy (Barber 368). Trade sanctions can be used when military action is considered too extreme, but diplomatic protest is too meager. Trade sanctions are not without cost, but they are much less costly than other alternatives. A “sender” country imposes a sanction on another country to restrict its imports and exports, or to impede the country’s finances. The discomfort from a trade sanction is usually felt by the target county’s population, and could benefit the country’s...
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...Economic Sanctions As a Policy Instrument Author(s): James Barber Source: International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-), Vol. 55, No. 3 (Jul., 1979), pp. 367-384 Published by: Wiley on behalf of the Royal Institute of International Affairs Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2615145 . Accessed: 13/04/2013 21:49 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. . Wiley and Royal Institute of International Affairs are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-). http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 129.93.5.133 on Sat, 13 Apr 2013 21:49:30 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions ECONOMICSANCTIONSAS A POLICY INSTRUMENT CONOMIC sanctions economic directed political to are measures such objectives. arenormally They supplemented byother measures, as and or of theseverance restrictiondiplomatic cultural butunless ties; ' in ' refers to otherwise theuseoftheterm sanctions this stated...
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...The company chosen for this assignment is Walmart. Walmart's history is one of innovation, leadership and success. Walmart was founded by Sam Walton in 1962, it was incorporated on October 31, 1969, and listed on the New York Stock Exchange in 1972. It started with a single store in Rogers, Arkansas in 1962 and has grown to what is now the world's largest and arguably, the most emulated retailer. Some researchers refer to Walmart as the industry trendsetter. Today, this retailing pioneer has annual revenues of over $100 billion, 3,000 stores and more than 750,000 employees worldwide. (source: walmart.blogspot.com) Adding value The enhancement a company gives its product or service before offering the product to customers. Value added is used to describe instances where a firm takes a product that may be considered a homogeneous product, with few differences (if any) from that of a competitor, and provides potential customers with a feature or add-on that gives it a greater sense of value. A value add can either increase the product's price or value. For example, offering one year of free support on a new computer would be a value-added feature. Additionally, individuals can bring value add to services that they perform, such as bringing advanced financial modeling skills to a position in which the hiring manager may not have foreseen the need for such skills. (source:www.investopedia.com) Based on my research, it can be concluded that the human resource management of...
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...Analysis II Solutions: June 2010 April 2013 Question 1. a) (i) (ii) The sequence an converges to a if for any 1 1 > 0 there exists an N such that |xn − a| < for n ≥ N (3n + 22n ) n = (3n + 4n ) n → max {3, 4} = 4 by a standard result. 4n2 2n +2n3 4n 8n4 2n +n3 4n = 1 4 ( n )( 1 )n +2 2 8n( 1 )n +1 2 1 4 → 2 by the product, sum and quotient rule. 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 (iii) (5n3 +6n4 ) n = 6 n n n ( 6n +1) n and limn→∞ 6 n n n = limn→∞ 6 n (n n ×n n ×n n ×n n ) = 1 and limn→∞ ( 6n +1) n = 1 1 4 1 7 and hence limn→∞ 5 n n n ( 5n + 1) n = 1 by the product rule. b) A sequence an eventually has some property if ∃N such that aN +n has this property ∀n > 0. b Assume bn → b and choose = 2 then ∃N such that for n > N , |bn − b| < b 2 then 3b b < bn < 2 2 2 b2 b so eventually bn > 2 . If b > 0 then eventually > 1 bbn so 2 |bn − b| 1 1 |bn − b| > = | − | > 0. b2 |bbn | bn b Hence by the sandwich theorem an a bn → b . c) 1 bn → 1 b and then if we let an → a then by the product rule an × 1 bn →a× 1 b and hence n+1 Ratio Lemma: If | aan | ≤ l where 0 ≤ l < 1 then an → 0. n+1 Want to prove that if | aan | ≤ l where 0 ≤ l < 1 then 0 < an+1 < ln a1 We will use proof by induction. First for n = 1, |a2 | ≤ l|a1 | which is true by the assumption on the sequence. Now assume that 0 ≤ |an+1 | ≤ ln |a1 |. Then for the induction step since |an+2 | < l|an+1 | then |an+2 | ≤ ln+1 |an+1 |. So since 0 ≤ l < 1, ln → 0 and then...
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...Texas Intermediate, And The Dubai Fateh › See all The World indicators Detailed Analysis for Year: 2010 › Change year Full Dataset: from 1980 to 2016 Dataset updated: 1st August 2011 Datasource: International Monetary Fund (IMF) National or Regional Currency: US Dollar Currency Symbol: US$ The APSP denotes an equally weighted average of three crude oil spot prices - West Texas Intermediate (WTI), Dated Brent (Brent), and Dubai Fateh (Dubai). The prices of these crude oils tend to move together according to the inequality WTI > Brent > Dubai. Their price differentials reflect differences in American Petroleum Institute (API) measure of gravity, sulfur content, and overall weight. The WTI spot price refers to the physical delivery price for a barrel of WTI deliverable to Cushing, Oklahoma. The WTI price is frequently mentioned in the financial press, and is often described as the 'headline' oil price. The Brent spot price is the physical delivery price for a barrel of either Dated Brent (UK), Forties (Norway), or Oseberg (Norway) to Sullom Voe, United Kingdom (in the Shetland Islands). The Dubai Fateh spot price refers to the physical price for a barrel of Dubai Fateh deliverable in the Arabian Gulf at Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Crude Oil (Petroleum) Price Index - Includes Dated Brent, West Texas Intermediate, And The Dubai Fateh Statistics for The World, Year 2010 - In Detail Crude Oil (Petroleum) Price Index - Includes Dated Brent, West Texas Intermediate, And...
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...Just-In-Time Compilation Technique 1. Introduction Just-in-time (JIT) compilation is an effective technique for boosting the speed of program interpreters. The idea of JIT compilation is to dynamically translate input programs into native machine code, and then execute only native code. It is an old invention which dates back to 1960. The earliest published JIT compiler is generally attributed to work on LISP (McCarthy, J. 1960); in his seminal paper Recursive functions of symbolic expressions and their computation by machine, Part I, he mentions functions that are translated during runtime, thereby sparing the need to save the compiler output to punch cards. After that Smalltalk pioneered new aspects of JIT compilations. For example, translation to machine code was done on demand, and the result was cached for later use. However, the concept is still relevant today as JIT compilation is considered vital for competitive interpreter-based implementations of modern languages, like Java, .NET, C# and ML etc. JIT compilation is interesting because of the conflicting goals of producing quick code versus quickly producing code. In very simple means JIT compilation is a process of reverse-engineering the semantics of a program, and re-engineering the result back into binary code. The code is split up into blocks, some higher-level meaning is extracted from the current block of code, and native code is generated. It is used to improve the time and space efficiency of...
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