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Intermediation Role

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Venture Capitalists: The function of Venture capitalists isto provide capital for companies in theirearly stages of development and screen good business ideas and entrepreneurial teams from badones. It employs business savvy people who worked closely with their portfolio companies to bothmonitor and guide them to a point where they have turned a business idea into a well-managedfully functional company that could stand on its own and nurture the companies until they reacheda point where they were ready to face the scrutiny of the public capital markets after an IPO.Examples include Axiom Ventures, Seqoia Captial, Bain Capital Ventures. 2. Investment Bank Underwriters: Investment banks provide their expertise to companies to go publicor make subsequent public offerings and introduce them to investors. They provide advisoryfinancial services, help companies price their offerings and also underwrite the shares. Examplesinclude Goldman Sachs, Merrill Lynch and Morgan Stanley.3. Sell-Side Analysts: Sell side analysts publish research on public companies. They provide their ideasto buy side analysts, portfolio managers and money management companies by talking to themanagements of the companies, following trends in the industry and making buy or sellrecommendations on the stocks.4. Buy-Side Analysts: A buy-side analyst performs industry research, talks to the companies'management teams, provides earnings estimates, does valuation analysis and rates the stock prices of the companies as ‘sells’ or ‘buys’. Buy-side research is not published but a buy-side analyst has toconvince portfolio managers in the company to follow his recommendations.5. Portfolio Managers: A portfolio manager either makes investment decisions using money otherpeople have placed under his control(investor side) or manages a firm's money, say a retail mutualfund or an institutional account(investment side). He is responsible for buying or selling securities.

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