...International Branding ---------Coca-cola and its story in China China is very attractive to the investors globally for it has 13 billons potential consumers and has quite strong consuming power in south-east part of China. As far as a brand does well in the market of China, they can earn numerous profits and will have a bright future development. Coca-cola is a US brand which is more than 100 years old. At first it only sells coca-cola ---- a kind of spackling drink that is brown in color and bitter-sweet in flavor. What interested me about Coca-cola when I thought about international branding is that it was the very first pioneers who came to China. It was hard time for foreign companies who sell products. Coca-cola also had very twist story at its first arrival in China. Trance back to the 1927, Shanghai, Coca-cola was firstly translated as “蝌蝌啃蜡” which means “Crickets eating the wax”. The name was strange and people thought it tasted and looked like Chinese cough syrup. The citizens were not as easy get used to foreign products as we do today, they would rather buy local drinks which were colorful and sweet. As a result it had quite poor selling records which made the managers worried. Finally they decided to post advertisements on the newspapers with an award of 350 pounds for anyone that comes with a good name for the products. A Chinese professor in UK won the 350 pounds in the end. Coca-cola was called “可口可乐” which means“tasty and happy”since then...
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...Literature Review International Marketing is the performance of business activities designed to plan, price, promote, and direct the flow of the company’s goods and services to consumers or users in more than one nation for a profit. (Philip R. Cateora et al, 2008). International marketer’s task becomes more complicated that of the domestic marketer as it operates entirely in different business environments. A firm operating in a domestic market undoubtedly feels comfortable in adjusting the business decisions in line with the environmental changes at domestic level. However, the process in an international marketing effort often involves substantial doses of cultural, political and economic shock. To adjust and adapt a marketing program to international market, marketers should be able to interpret the effect and the influence of the uncontrollable environmental factors on their marketing plan for each and every foreign market in which they intend to do businesses. The uncontrollable factors/ elements constitute the culture and the task of cultural adjustment is the most challenging and vital one confronting international marketers. International marketers are responsible for adjusting their marketing efforts to cultures to which they are not attuned. In dealing with unknown markets, marketers must be aware of the framework they use in evaluating the potential of a market. In any system of different people, their political and economic structures, religions and other elements...
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...Student Id : W12030873 Program : International Business management (Year 4) Course Code : IBM1BNN01A Module Code : MK0389 Word Count : 1997 Dead Line : 13/05/2013 Contents page Introduction 3 PART A: Promotion and Branding in Global World 3 Standardized and Localized Strategies 4 Case Study: Nike 5 Case Study: PizzaHut 5 Discussion 6 PART B: Future Environmental issue 6 Changing Social Trends 7 Case Study: Nike 7 Case Study: PizzaHut 8 Conclusion 8 Reference List 9 Introduction With the growing pace of globalization, companies’ marketing departments are faced with a substantial challenge of designing successful marketing strategies promoting their products and services (Keller, 2010). The ongoing academic debate has pointed out the tension between standardization and localization practices (e.g. Whatley, 2012). While the benefits frequently associated with the standardization practice revolve around the promotion of a single consistent message to the global market (Aaker, 1991), the localization paradigm emphasises the particular differences between individual markets and thereby the need to adapt marketing strategies to suit the needs of the local population (Gillespie, Jeanner & Hennessey, 2010). The aim of the presented paper is to critically investigate the promotion and branding strategies pursued by global organisations. The key...
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...A Literature Review on Destination Branding: DUBAI Bygone are days when only the rich explored the realms and secrets the world has to offer; or days when expectations were simple. There was a time when people were dependent for a holiday on various other elements. Now, with one click on the internet, you can choose from the places within your budget, read hotel reviews and plan holiday as per your comfort. Globalization has resulted in options galore, be it entertainment, shopping or sightseeing, followed by global business expansion and revolutionizing of tourism sector. The world has transformed into a global village, it’s a crowded place where 250 countries are competing to woo holidaymakers of all kinds. In today’s rat race, it has become imperative for each nation to compete with other for their share of the world’s consumers, business, investment, attention, tourists and position. For each country, the cities play a significant role in international competition for funds, fame and talent. The prosperity of an entire economy is at stake, and how effectively the city manages to succeed or fall depends on how effectively it communicates and brands itself. The nations focus on marketing their cities as a distinctive place and communicate about the place with help of media resources. In today’s world cities are like companies; those with a strong brand image will attract more tourists and investors. Any factor that emphasizes on a country’s appeal is constructive...
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...The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/0309-0566.htm The effect of corporate branding dimensions on consumers’ product evaluation A cross-cultural analysis Nizar Souiden ´ Faculty of Business Administration, Laval University, Quebec, Canada Corporate branding dimensions 825 Received October 2004 Revised September 2005 Accepted January 2006 Norizan M. Kassim Department of Management and Marketing, College of Business and Economics, University of Qatar, Doha, Qatar, and Heung-Ja Hong Faculty of Sociology, Kansai University, Osaka, Japan Abstract Purpose – The paper aims to investigate both Western and Eastern corporate branding thoughts and examine the interrelation among four corporate branding dimensions (i.e. corporate name, image, reputation and loyalty) and their joint impact on consumers’ product evaluation. Design/methodology/approach – Building on extensive literature, a model of consumers’ product evaluation that includes the major determinants of corporate branding is proposed. Based on a sample of 218 Japanese and American consumers, structural equation modeling and general linear model analyses are used to test hypotheses. Findings – The research reveals that Japanese and American consumers have different perceptions with respect to the effect of corporate image and corporate loyalty. The corporate name was found to have a significant impact on corporate image and corporate reputation was found...
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...Tabale of COntent I. Introduction 2 II. Body 3 1. Literature review 3 1.1 Global brands 3 1. 3 Brand Images & Country of origin (COO) effects 4 Figure 1: Model for developing strong brands based in Country of Origin image 6 1.4 Brand Names 7 2. Discussion 7 2.1 Existence of global brands 7 2.2 Cultural sensitivity & COO image perception 9 2.3 Brand name & national alphabet 9 Figure 2: Chinese naming analysis 10 Figure 3: Domestic brand names in Vietnamese market 11 III. Conclusion 12 IV. REFERENCES 13 I. Introduction Globalization concept is studied since 1870 (Lee et al, 2009); during the development of its concept, there are many debates around consequence of convergence process of the world. In last three decades, globalization is predicted as noticeable trend causing the homogeneity of consumption pattern in near future (Levitt, 1983 in Robson , 2005), whereas, in this days and age, homogeneity of customer needs, taste and lifestyles is indicated as an impossible phenomenon (De Mooij M., 2011). The debate of globalization versus localization leads to examining application of the maxim- “think global, act local” in different markets across the world. Failures of global brand in standardizing its name, brand image perception, causes the suspicion of existence of global brand. The aim of this study is to examine two dimensions of brand image perception of customer: country of origin effect and brand name. Afterward, my personal...
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...Insight paper Does your employer brand inspire top talent? Jumping on the employer branding bandwagon A strong brand can be a company’s most valuable asset, increasing customer loyalty or acting as a differentiator in a crowded market place. An employer brand can be used for similar effects, lowering turnover due to higher employee loyalty and helping employers stick out in the increasingly competitive job market. Despite the hype about employer branding, most companies still have difficulty in conceiving a serious and ‘thoughtthrough’ approach to the topic. To understand why an employer brand cannot be simply assembled out of a ‘how-to’ guide, let’s have a look at the definition of employer branding. There are dozens of definitions about employer branding flying around in the HR industry and most are perfectly usable. However, we will stick to the CIPD’s definition (Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, 2008)1: An employer brand is a set of attributes and qualities – often intangible – that makes an organisation distinctive, promises a particular kind of employment experience, and appeals to those people who will thrive and perform to their best in its culture. Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development In the above definition there is one important word: ‘intangible’. Employer branding is indeed a complex mix between your organisational identity and culture and its members (Tikoo, 2004)2, which is probably the reason why so many...
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...Institut d’Administration des Entreprises ROLES AND CONSIDERATIONS OF BRAND COMMUNICATIONS IN BRANDING: ADVERTISING, BRAND ELEMENTS, ONLINE ACTIVITIES Mémoire en vue de l’obtention du Diplôme De Master II ès Sciences de Gestion Soutenu par: Mojtaba Jebreili & Dirigé par: Professeur Damien Bo Advisor: Professeur Camelia Akbari Année universitaire: 2009-2010 0 Acknowledgment First of all I want to direct my thanks to my supervisor, doctor Damien Bo and appreciate him for useful feedbacks. Secondly I appreciate my advisor, doctor Camelia Akbari for her useful comments. Finally I would like to thank my family and special thanks to my dear wife who supported me during conducting this thesis just as always. University of Nice 2010 Mojtaba Jebreili i Abstract Brand is a very important element in today's life. Brand management has become a serious task for marketing and branding departments in all firms. While branding is a comprehensive issue dealing with all parts of a company, there are some branding tasks which are specifically accomplished by marketing and branding departments or branding companies. One of these tasks is brand communications consisting of the selection and design of brand elements, advertising and online branding. This thesis focuses on a qualitative review of different aspects of brand communications, while discussing their role in branding. The main questions in this thesis are the role and considerations of brand elements, advertising...
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...global economic model. Due to explosive, to some extent volatile, growth and development of economic system, in the arena has appeared a new player – multinational corporations. The nature of such companies is an international activity. This is a globalization in a pure form. Brand Equity Evaluation System (BEES) is based on eight brand equity determinants – brand sales, net operating margin, perspectives of brand development, international orientation, advertising investment, brand strength in the sector, brand image and pre-tax earnings, noted Salinas, G. (2011). In order to compose brand quality factor, we should utilize such elements as sales, net operating margin and perspectives of brand development. This factor together with other factors creates the adjustment factor as a multiple for pre-tax earnings. Finally, the brand's economic equity is equal to the product of the average pre-tax revenue and the adjustment factor, stated Salinas (2011). As any model, this BEES has weaknesses, including the fact that majority of of the determinants refer to product brands, similarity with other models. On the contrary, this model is aiming at evaluating the current level of brand equity. Due to received results, managers are able to improve their IMC by developing branding policy. In order to conquer some oversea markets, as well as home areas, companies should create not only packaged products, but grant (for fee, of course) definitely greater and more enticing things – idea, concepts...
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...Abstract Brands play a critical role in a firm's international marketing strategy. A coherent international brand architecture is a key component of the firm's overall international marketing strategy as it provides a framework to leverage strong brands into other markets, assimilate acquired brands, and rationalize the firm's international branding strategy. This paper looks at the various components of international brand architecture and the different types of architecture found among a sample of large international consumer goods companies. Based on these initial insights, some key issues that need further research are identified. Introduction Branding is a key element of a firm’s marketing strategy. Strong brands help establish the firm's identity in the market place, and develop a solid customer franchise (Aaker, 1996; Kapferer, 1997; Keller, 1998). Owning the number one or two brand in the product category provides manufacturers withas well as providing a weapon to counter growing retailer power (Barwise and Robertson, 1992). A strong brand name Theycan also provide the basis for brand extensions, which further strengthen the firm's position in the marketplace as well as potentially enhancing the brand’s value (Aaker and Keller, 1990). As firms move into international markets, branding plays an important role in its marketing strategy. In particular, a cautious branding strategy provides a means to enhance the firm’s visibility and integrate strategy across...
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...Brand – Appendix Product branding Brand development that Baskin Robbins adopts has been much similar to that of its competitors, where line extensions of product types are used. Extension of its brands to new forms of flavors to its existing product category give rise to the wide variety of flavors, in line with “Baskin-Robbins proposition which has offered over 1,000 flavors of ice cream, including Sugar Free, Fat Free and Light choices. Their menu also includes frozen yogurt, sorbets, sherbets, beverages, ice cream cakes, sundaes and hand-packed ice cream”. Marketing of branding in Singapore Like the other marketing promotion tactics, celebrity is often invited to the grand opening of the launch which acts as a double sword towards the enhancement of brand image. It has been seen that “Singapore’s favourite SPG “Barbarella” from the popular local comedy “The Noose” officiating the opening of the 4000th international store”. According to Srinivas Kumar, President and Chief Operating Officer, Baskin-Robbins International, they have collaborated with fanchise partners like Mr. Cheah, and crewmembers of Scoop & Scoop to fulfill the demand for Baskin-Robbins top quality ice cream, cakes and treats, served in a fun and welcoming environment.” And together with words mentioned from the president and owner of Scoop & Scoop LLC, led by Mr. S.Y. Cheah, he aims to “introduce Baskin-Robbins’ as the world class ice cream, cakes, and treats along with their customary...
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...EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The following report provides an overview of what encompasses a brand, two theories that can be applied in the assessing the effectiveness of a brand, and the application of these two theories in the critical analysis of a branded event with examples given. The aim is to recognize the significance and great importance placed on branding, in relevance to its effects on the creation of value for consumers, and the success of the associated business. Management and careful monitoring of the application of a brand and the responses it generates from consumers is applied through brand management teams; it aids businesses in controlling the images and measures it conveys to consumers in order to create a positive brand image. Tangible products and services do not encompass brands alone; events also work effectively as a brand, through campaigns, fundraisers, and charitable events. The event through which the two theories of Co-branding and Commitment-Trust Theory are applied in this report is World AIDS Day, a globally renowned annual not-for-profit campaign that is driven by the sheer need for awareness and prevention of HIV. Brand strategies that the brand has employed include “Dance (RED) Save Lives”, musical album collaboration with well-known artists, and the World AIDS Day Australia campaign, whereby each individual state and territory conducts its own fundraising and HIV awareness raising events. Through these events, the brand have been able to successfully...
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...Marketing Department, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA, and Waldemar Pfoertsch Pforzheim University, Pforzheim, Germany and China Europe International Business School, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China Abstract Purpose – This analysis aims to examine the need of business-to-business companies for branding and analyzes the options for success by means of the stock performance. Design/methodology/approach – The paper consists of a qualitative and quantitative pilot study and a quantitative main survey. Findings – Long-term branding strategies, brand performance and firm’s business performance are found to be positively correlated with stock increase. Current brand focus and use of guiding principles can lead to improved business performance. Research limitations/implications – The study has possible location- and industry-specific limitations. Practical implications – Managerially, the findings encourage firms to adopt a long-term branding strategy, focusing not only on brand development. Originality/value – By systematically examining relationships between branding strategy and performance of the global firms, this study adds knowledge to the field of B2B brand research. Keywords Business-to-business marketing, Brand management, Marketing strategy, International marketing Paper type Conceptual paper An executive summary for managers and executive readers can be found at the end of this issue. Introduction When talking about brands...
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...other feature that identifies one seller's good or service as distinct from those of other sellers. A brand can take many forms, including a name, sign, symbol, color combination or slogan. For example, Coca Cola is the name of a brand make by a particular company. Some people distinguish the psychological aspect, brand associations like thoughts, feelings, perceptions, images, experiences, beliefs, attitudes, and so on that become linked to the brand, of a brand from the experiential aspect. People engaged in branding seek to develop or align the expectations behind the brand experience, creating the impression that a brand associated with a product or service has certain qualities or characteristics that make it special or unique. Brand has continued to evolve to encompass identity. It affects the personality of a product, company or service. It is defined by a perception, good or bad, that your customers or prospects have about you. Consumers may look on branding as an aspect of products or services, as it often serves to denote a certain attractive quality or characteristic. There are some element of brand such as local brand, private brand, national brand, and also global brand. There are some types of brand which expose the difference stage of brand. Different stage of brand being use by marketers will give them a variety of strategy to get a prospects or customer. Now I will explain some type of brand which are local brand, private brand, national brand and global brand...
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...Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 37 (2012) 31 – 37 International Conference on Emerging Economies - Prospects and Challenges (ICEE-2012) Do brand personalities make a difference to consumers? Sheena , G. Naresh School of Management, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India Abstract Branding means much more than just giving a brand name and signalling to the outside world that such a product or service has been stamped with the mark and imprint of an organization. Brands are a direct result of the strategy of market segmentation and product differentiation. A brand not only merely acts on the market, but also it organises the market, driven by a vision, a calling and an apparent design of what the category should become. Numerous brands wish only to identify completely with the category of the product, thereby expecting to control it. Today, there is a proliferation of brands in the Indian market. Brands of varying shapes, sizes, texture and many other distinctive features are available based on our choice, tastes and traditions. This varying demand is evident in any brand from the car we drive to the food we take. These brands awake interests in the consumers on the basis of the personalities they hold. Every brand thus, has its own distinct personality that appears to us in a different way in different situations. Hence, it is considered imperative for the study to investigate the significance of brand personality...
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