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International Economics Project

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Proyecto Final Economía Internacional II

Profesor Carlos Ernesto Urrutia
Nelly Silva, 000xxxxxx
Diego González, 000131755 I. Introducción
A partir de la expropiación petrolera que se llevó a cabo en México en 1938, el petróleo se convirtió en un pilar de la economía mexicana y en uno de los principales conductores del crecimiento económico. La decisión tomada por el presidente Lázaro Cárdenas surgió de la necesidad de restaurar la confianza de los inversionistas, pues el gobierno estaba tomando control de uno de los sectores más importantes de la economía: el energético. La historia de la influencia del petróleo crudo al crecimiento económico de México a partir de la expropiación petrolera se puede dividir en dos etapas: antes y después del final del periodo de crecimiento conocido como “desarrollo estabilizador”, cuya principal característica fue su baja inflación. La principal diferencia entre estas dos etapas radica en el tamaño de la contribución del crudo mexicano a las variables macroeconómicas; durante la primera, la proporción de ingresos federales que provenían de impuestos petroleros siempre fue menor a 10%, adicionalmente, del total de ventas de petróleo crudo, la gran mayoría eran ventas hacia el interior del país (resultado de la política de sustitución de importaciones). Por el contrario, la segunda etapa se vio caracterizada por una gran proporción de ingresos federales provenientes de ingresos petroleros (siempre mayor a 25% a partir de 1983) y por el crecimiento de las exportaciones petroleras. A pesar de que el gobierno mexicano implementó dicha política (la expropiación petrolera) con esperanzas de que aumentaran sus ingresos por ventas de petróleo, los resultados observados fueron completamente contrarios a las expectativas. Esto se debió a que a principios de los años cuarenta disminuyeron las ventas externas, ya que existía un

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