...International Human Rights: Sara Cook- u3083225 We kill people who kill people, because killing people is bad. If this is not the most obvious contradiction of the human race, I’m not sure what is. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that we as humans have the inalienable right, first and foremost, to life, the right of a life free from torture or punishment and the right not to be subjected to any cruel or inhumane behaviour, in my view Capital Punishment blatantly violates these rights. Capital Punishment or better known as ‘The Death Penalty’ is a concept that for most of us is hard to grasp, how does one justify and actively carry out killing a person because they’ve killed another person when we believe that action is wrong. Where do we draw the line when it’s right or wrong to kill another human being? The Death Penalty is the ultimate punishment, both psychologically and physically, thus proving to us as humans that we are in breach of our essential rights as a human being and are still enabling countries to carry out this action. While Australia and numerous other countries have abolished the Death Penalty there are plenty of countries that still uphold the belief that it is a justifiable action and is morally right. The American state of California currently has over 700 prisoners on death row, one of these prisoners a 55-year-old man named Kevin Cooper states “Between the moment we are sentenced and our death date, we die a profound psychological...
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... | | |Introduction to Human Services | | | | Copyright © 2011, 2009, 2005 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course provides a broad overview of the human services discipline using practice settings and social problems as lenses so that the role and function of the human service provider, as well as the clients with whom they work can be understood in context. The course begins with a brief overview of what a human service provider is, and what services these professionals provide. A history of social welfare is provided so that students can gain a historical perspective of how poor and marginalized populations have been cared for in the United States. Generalist practice skills and intervention strategies are introduced generally, but a more in-depth exploration of intervention strategies are discussed in later chapters as they apply to particular social problems and practice settings. The course concludes with an exploration of macro practice where change is affected on a broader scale, both domestically and abroad. Students should leave this class having a good idea of what a human service worker is, what they do, who they work with, as well as the gaining a deeper understanding of...
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...“Where, after all, do universal human rights begin? In small places, close to home - so close and so small that they cannot be seen on any maps of the world. Yet they are the world of the individual person; the neighborhood he lives in; the school or college he attends; the factory, farm, or office where he works. Such are the places where every man, woman, and child seeks equal justice, equal opportunity, equal dignity without discrimination. Unless these rights have meaning there, they have little meaning anywhere. Without concerted citizen action to uphold them close to home, we shall look in vain for progress in the larger world.” -Eleanor Roosevelt Introduction Millions have suffered crimes against humanity. Millions are left poor, without any of the basic needs to survive. Millions more suffer in forced labor. Other millions are discriminated on because of their race, gender, and nationality. When do these millions become less, or none for that matter? When will crimes against humanity stop? When will one’s race not matter? “The idea of human rights has a long history, but only in the past century has the international community sought to galvanize a regime to promote and guard them” (Council on Foreign Relations, 2013, 1). Particularly, since the United Nations was created in 1945, the world community has cooperated to codify human rights in a universally recognized regime of treaties, institutions, and norms...
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...HUMAN RIGHTS LAW IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON HUMAN RIGHTS TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY............................................................................................... 5 CHAPTER 1 GLOBALISATION ............................................................................................. 7 CHAPTER 2 INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW ................................................. 10 CHAPTER 3 IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON HUMAN RIGHTS............................... 13 Economic Rights .................................................................................................................. 13 Political Rights ..................................................................................................................... 17 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................ 21 BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................................... 23 Articles ................................................................................................................................. 23 Books .................................................................................................................................... 24 Miscellaneous ..........
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...certain than the fact that time never stops. Long after every person alive today draws his or her last breath, the plant Earth will continue to turn and with every turn, the human race will continue progress in its pursuit of knowledge. Each day brings the human race one step closer to a brighter, more vibrant future. In the past seventy years, the human race has made tremendous strides in a plethora of fields. Within this plethora of flourishing fields lies the field of human rights. Since 1945, the field of human rights has prospered so rapidly that present day human rights differ immensely from the human right laws of 1945. The definitions and institutions of human rights have evolved so greatly that a whole new world has opened up. Through decades of determination as well as struggle, these definitions and institutions of human rights have made vast advances towards the inclusion of basic human rights to all. Between the United Nations, nongovernmental organizations, and citizens of our world, the fight for equality has brought about a successful change. The concept that every person is entitled to certain, inalienable rights simply by the virtue of their humanity is relatively new. The year of 1945 marks not only the historical end of World War II, but it also indicates the propulsion of human rights into the universal scale. The combined extermination by Nazi Germany of over 11 million Jews, Gypsies, communists, Polish, homosexuals, and mentally and physically disabled...
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...Companies (MNC's) have toward human rights ZHOU QING Herzing University The responsibility Multi-National Companies (MNC's) have toward human rights The development of the world economy as a major driving force of globalization multinational companies, in particular, play an active role in the development of the economic development of the host country has been widely recognized by the international community, the role of multinational corporations on the economy to improve the enjoyment of human rights conditions has become the consensus of the people. However, the negative impact of the activities of transnational corporations or work for human rights has often been overlooked. In the 1950s and 1970s, the United Fruit Company and the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, involved in the overthrow of the democratically elected government of Guatemala and Chile scandal was revealed, causing the international community, especially the developing countries concerned about the activities of transnational corporations, and led to the development of countries expand movement multinationals nationalization. In addition, multinational companies are still developing countries, a large scale in grab natural resources, and corrosion of the activities of the government of the nation-state. In order to chase profits in global multinational companies also often in partnership with repressive governments engaged in large-scale violations of human rights activists, or the implementation...
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...Human rights impact Assessment: an INtroduction TABLE OF CONTENTS executive summary3 I. human rights are NOW the business of business4 II. WHAT ARE HUMAN RIGHTS?5 III. WHAT IS AN HRIA FOR? (WHAT GOOD IS IT?)9 IV. WHAt does an hria Add to all of the other studies and assessments?10 V. WHAT IS NEEDED FOR AN HRIA TO BE EFFECTIVE10 VI. EXAMPLE OF HUMAN RIGHTS IMPACT ASSESSMENT12 A. PHASE I: DESKTOP RESEARCH13 B. PHASE iI: FIELD RESEARCH13 C. PHASE IiI: rate impacts14 D. PHASE iV: Feedback16 E. PHASE v: RECOMMENDATIONS AND MONITORING16 APPENDIX I: ACRONYMS17 APPENDIX II: REFERENCES18 Executive Summary The term “Human Rights Impact Assessment” is new. References to human rights are everywhere. It is a topic constantly in the news, in analyses, in the mouths of the activists, academics, and government officials. “Impact assessment” is familiar when describing a study done on the environment, or on public health. But the novel combination of “human rights” and “impact assessment” can surprise and confuse. Human rights are constantly discussed, but rarely defined. Some companies take “human rights” to mean proper use of private security personnel. Some governments use it to mean freedom to protest. Adding to this confusion are new international structures, initiatives and protocols that require companies to conduct human rights impact assessments. When are these to be done? How are they...
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...International Law Research; Vol. 1, No. 1; 2012 ISSN 1927-5234 E-ISSN 1927-5242 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Globalization, Transnational Corporations and Human Rights – A New Paradigm Jennifer Westaway1 1 School of Business Law and Taxation, Curtin University, Perth, Australia Correspondence: Jennifer Westaway, School of Business Law and Taxation, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, 6957, Western Australia. Tel: 61-892-666-3945. E-mail: jennifer.westaway@cbs.curtin.edu.au Received: February 13, 2012 doi:10.5539/ilr.v1n1p63 Abstract The growth in power and influence of the transnational corporation under the forces of globalization has been touted as being one of the most significant developments both domestically and internationally. Changes to economic, political and financial barriers by many developing countries with the hope to attract international investment have seen the move by transnational corporations to exploit these opportunities. There are many who argue that the impact of transnational corporations has been positive, providing employment and income opportunities as well as country wealth. There are however, many who argue that the power and influence of the transnational corporation brings with it the ability to directly impact adversely on human rights and that as the transnational corporation operates outside human rights obligations assumed by each state pursuant to their status under international conventions, there...
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...Security of the Human Rights Defenders in Protecting Human Rights in Bangladesh Security of the Human Rights Defenders in Protecting Human Rights in Bangladesh -Justice A. K. Badrul Huq Human Rights are Charter of Rights for Mankind. Human Rights are those Rights which are inherent in the nature of Human Beings without which Human Beings cannot live in the World. Concept of Human Right is not a new one but ancient. From the earliest time, human history is a history of long struggle to protect human rights, liberty and independence. Scholars like Plato and Aristotle championed thought that People/Men were not subject who are exclusively made to bow but, also were Human Beings who needed to be taken care of. History witnesses that powerful Emperor/Rajas by dint of their power and superiority conquered another weak state/ country and Land and Independent citizens of conquered/vanquished state/ country were taken to the Land of Conquerors and their Liberty and Independence were seized, thus grossly violating their Human Rights to live in their state/ country/Land as free and Independent citizens. citizens of the conquered country were taken to the Land Conquerors as slaves. We speak of Roman Civilization. But the question is- By dint of sheer power and arms did Romans not violate Human Rights of free and Independent citizens of another weak and powerless countries. In the face of Human Right violation can Romans be characterized as Civilized? My answer is in firm Negative. British...
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...Amnesty International Amnesty International can simply be defined as a non-governmental organization that focuses on the right of humans. “Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 3 million supporters, members and activists in over 150 countries and territories who campaign to end grave abuses of human rights.” ("About Amnesty International.”2013). This organization believe every person to enjoy the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. They are also independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our the membership and public donations. Amnesty international has as many as 50 years of groundbreaking achievements, Amnesty International is making a major process of evolution, to adapt to changes in the world we operate in, and to increase the impact human rights work. They introduce a new, global way of working with Regional Hubs of research, campaigns, and communications – because they feel that they owe it to the people we work for to be the most effective force for freedom and justice that can be ...
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...ESSAY In what ways have Transnational Advocacy networks (TAN’s) altered the principles and practices of international relations? Discuss in context of Child Labour in India The past century, the century of transformation and changes, which transforms a map of the world. World politics not only alongside with states, many non- state actors work together to form a new world order. Since the World War II, we saw a series of uncertain modification to delimit world order (Pollis, 2000, p9). In this perspective, the human rights issue is widely contested notion emerge over time. Wider gap between access and resources has started super power rivalry. Under these circumstances International community come forward to form new social and cultural norms, which has raised new arguments against the notion and principals of International Relations (Polis, 2000, p9) In this assessment we will explore briefly, how International Non-governmental organizations put their influence, while states are attached with realist principal of international Relations. Even if there are legitimate arguments, what barriers Transnational Civil society may face to achieve their goals and how reformed the principals and practices of international politics. From the view point of International politics, we saw that realism occupies a complex place. In general, it’s a principal pattern in International politics (Synder, 2012, p.17). The key principal of this idea contains the small concept of “statism”. This...
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... Subject: International Law What are your perceptions on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights? Would you like to amend any of the articles or add a new article to the declaration? ‘CRIME AGAINST THE HUMANITY’, means that the acts of persecution or any large-scale atrocities against a body of people, as being the criminal offense above all others. Human rights are international norms that help to protect all people everywhere from severe political, legal and social abuses. The right to freedom of religion, the right to a fair trial when charged with crime, the right not to be tortured, and the right to engage in political activity are the fundamental human rights. The rights exist in morality and in law at the national and international levels. The main sources of the contemporary conception of human rights are the Universal declaration of Human rights, the treaties that followed in international organizations such as the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the Organization of American States, and the African Union. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights sets out number of human rights that countries should respect and protect, which are normally divided into six. They are Security rights that protect people against abuses of the legal system such as imprisonment without trial, secret trials and excessive punishments, liberty, rights that protect the liberty to participate in politics through actions...
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...I. INTRODUCTION The main instruments of International Humanitarian Law (hereafter referred to as IHL) are the four Geneva Conventions of 12 August 19491 for the protection of war victims. These treaties which are universally accepted, protect the wounded, the sick, prisoners of war and civilians in enemy hands. They also protect medical services personnel such as medical personnel, medical units and establishments, and medical means of transport. As a matter of fact this kind of concern for the humanitarian aspect can be found in our ancient epics like the Mahabharata, where the rules of conduct of war as to the timing of attack and the prohibition attacking the unarmed were strictly laid down. The laws of Manu, a compilation of encyclopedic scope, which the British Professor Duncan M. Derrett a known authority on Hindu Law describes as a text "which constitutes India's greatest achievement in the field of jurisprudence" and regards this work as one of the world's premier compositions in ancient law, more valuable in every sense than Hammurabi and able to hold its own in comparison to the covenant and Priestly codes of Moses2 . Manu, while describing the duties of a King, warns against unusual cruelty even against an enemy in warfare, and has this to say, "fighting in a battle, he should not kill his enemies with weapons that are concealed, barbed, or smeared with poison or whose points blaze with fire. He should not kill anyone who has climbed on a...
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...research paper: ‘Human Rights Protection in the Post-Communist Countries: the Disquieting Case of the Baltic States’ Why this topic? 1. The Baltic States, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, are ex-communistic countries that were reborn as self-determined nation-states 16 years ago, in 1991. Major economical, political and social changes that were caused by the ’Big Bang’, i.e. the collapse of USSR, have resulted in several legal and social issues in the societies that need to be researched and analysed. 2. The Baltic States are the member states of the United Nations and European Union and thus face serious obligations concerning human rights protection arising from several ratified international treaties. So far the feedback from the UN has pointed out various important shortcomings in the population policies and legislation, particularly concerning minorities’ issues. 3. Russia, as the official succession state of the former USSR is interested in keeping the constant pressure on the Baltic States by sending out signals to the international community about alleged on-going discrimination of Russian minority groups. 4. The topic has become the target of both, international and national interest, due to the recent events (e.g. April riots in Estonia) which requires Estonia, but also other Baltic States, to reconsider and revise the whole population policy and human rights legislation. These aforementioned reasons and the overall need to develop human rights protection, to update...
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...GRADUATE COLLEGE (W), S/ TOWN, RAWALPINDI APRIL 2014 HUMAN RIGHTS I. OBJECTIVES A. Understand the history and development of international human rights law and how it interacts with the law of war. B. Understand those human rights considered customary international law. C. Understand major international human rights treaties, their scope and application, as well as the Unites States’ approach to human rights treaty law. D. Understand different regional international human rights systems. INTRODUCTION: Human rights law focuses on the life and dignity of human beings. In contrast with most international law, international human rights law protects persons as individuals rather than as subjects of sovereign States. International human rights law exists in two forms: treaty law and customary international law (CIL). Human rights law established by treaty generally only binds the state in relation to persons within its territory and subject to its jurisdiction, and tends to be more aspirational. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW: A. As a field of international law, human rights did not fully develop until the years following World War II. The systematic abuse and near-extermination of entire populations by States gave rise to a truly revolutionary aspect of human rights as international law. As sovereigns in the international system, States could expect other States not to interfere in their internal...
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