...International Marketing 1 The Scope and Challenge of International Marketing Objectives What you should learn from Module 1 What is meant by international marketing. To understand the scope of the international marketing task To comprehend the importance of the self-reference criterion (SRC) in international marketing. To be able to identify and manage the factors influencing internationalisation of companies. To evaluate the progression of becoming an international marketer. To see how international marketing concepts influence international marketers. To appreciate the increasing importance of global awareness. 1.1 The Internationalisation of Business 1.2 International Marketing Defined 1.3 The International Marketing Task 1.4 Environmental Adjustment Needed 1.5 Self-reference Criterion: An Obstacle 1.6 Becoming International 1.7 International Marketing Orientations 1.8 Globalisation of Markets 1.9 Developing a Global Awareness 1.10 Orientation of International Marketing Summary The first section of International Marketing offers an overview of international marketing and a discussion of the global business, political and legal environments confronting the marketer. International Marketing is defined as Performance of Business activities beyond national borders. The task of international marketer is explained. Key obstacles to international marketing are not just foreign environments but also our won self reverence criteria (SRC) and ethnocentrism. This...
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...Acknowledgements 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Introduction to International Marketing The International Marketing Environment The International Marketing Information and Research Process International Competitive Marketing Strategies Market Selection Decisions and Entry Strategies Management of Exporting and Importing International Marketing Operations and Planning Product and Brand Decisions for International Marketing Service Strategies for International Marketing International Channels of Distribution and Logistics Management Pricing Decisions in International Markets Integrated International Marketing Communications International Business-To-Business Marketing Retail Internationalization and Marketing The Internet and International Marketing Ethics and International Marketing Index xix xxi xxiii xxiv 1 34 68 104 138 172 209 239 274 303 335 367 401 430 454 478 507 Contents List of figures List of tables List of mini case studies Acknowledgements 1 Introduction to International Marketing Introduction The nature of international marketing Contextual determinants of international marketing Historical development Definition of international marketing Relationship with other business fields A theoretical framework for international marketing Approaches to internationalization Factors causing internationalization The process of firms’ internationalization A holistic approach The motivation for firms to go international Trade theories and economic development Absolute advantage...
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...International Marketing Planning: Adaptation and Standardisation Professor Demetris Vrontis International Marketing Planning: Adaptation and Standardisation Professor Demetris Vrontis Dean, School of Business, University of Nicosia President, EuroMed Research Business Institute (EMRBI) Chairman, EuroMed Academy of Business (EMAB) Founding Editor, EuroMed Journal of Business (EMJB) 1 www.emrbi.com www.emeraldinsight.com/emjb.htm 2 International marketing planning (Vi.Mi.S.O.S.T.I.C.) Vi: vision - what is the desired future, principal goals and direction of our organisation? Mi: mission - what are the core corporate values? S: situation analysis - where are we now? O: objectives - where do we want to go? S: strategy - how do we get there - the broad direction? T: tactics - how do we get there - the details of strategies? I: implementation - what are the specific actions required to put the plan to work? C: control - how do we know we have arrived? 3 The screen versions of these slides have full details of copyright and acknowledgements 1 International Marketing Planning: Adaptation and Standardisation Professor Demetris Vrontis International marketing planning (Vi.Mi.S.O.S.T.I.C.) adaptation and standardisation Vi: vision Mi: mission S: situation analysis O: objectives S: strategy T: tactics (adaptation and standardisation) I: implementation C: control 4 International marketing planning International marketing planning can be defined as the...
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...Chapter 01 The Scope and Challenge of International Marketing True / False Questions 1. (p. 3) Global commerce thrives during peacetime. TRUE Difficulty: Easy Type: Knowledge 2. (p. 4) To date, the lesson for international commerce in the 21st century is "expect the unexpected." TRUE Difficulty: Easy Type: Knowledge 3. (p. 5) Today, every American business is international. TRUE Difficulty: Moderate Type: Comprehension 4. (p. 5) One event that will influence the shape of international business as the future unfolds is the rapid growth of the World Trade Organization, NAFTA, and the European Union. TRUE Difficulty: Moderate Type: Comprehension 5. (p. 5) One event that will influence the shape of international business as the future unfolds is the unprecedented acceptance of communism and socialism in Latin America. FALSE Difficulty: Moderate Type: Comprehension 6. (p. 5) A trend that will impact international business in the future is a mandate to properly manage the resources and global environment. TRUE Difficulty: Moderate Type: Comprehension 7. (p. 5) Today, most business activities are local or regional in scope. FALSE Difficulty: Moderate Type: Knowledge 8. (p. 6, Crossing Borders 1.1) What do French farmers, Chinese fishermen, and Russian hackers have in common--they can all receive subsidy payments from the U.S. government. FALSE Difficulty: Moderate Type: Knowledge 9. (p. 6) Foreign-made products remain a small...
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...this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/0265-1335.htm International e-marketing: opportunities and issues Jagdish N. Sheth Goizueta Business School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, and E-marketing: opportunities and issues 611 Received October 2004 Revised June 2005 Accepted July 2005 Arun Sharma School of Business, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA Abstract Purpose – E-marketing is growing at a dramatic pace and is significantly impacting customer and business market behaviors. As a result, most firms have started developing e-marketing strategies for the web. However, the evolution and strategic direction of e-marketing strategies in international environments has not been discussed and is the focus of this paper. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, the authors examine two issues based on extant literature and our previous research in this area. The authors discuss e-marketing in an international context and develop a framework that will allow researchers and managers to understand the impact of country level effects on e-marketing strategies. The paper proposes that the evolution of e-marketing strategies is based on the countries infrastructure and marketing institutional development. Findings – It is found that international e-marketing strategies are fundamentally changing, and will continue to change, marketing thought and practice in international markets. The paper suggests that the e-markets of tomorrow may have...
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...5 Stages in the Evolution of Global Marketing: 1. Domestic Marketing: Ethnocentric orientation. 2 Export Marketing: Ethnocentric orientation. 3. International Marketing: Polycentric orientation 4. Multinational Marketing: Regiocentric orientation 5. Global Marketing: Geocentric orientation Domestic marketing: A company marketing only within its national boundaries only has to consider domestic competition. Even if that competition includes companies from foreign markets, it still only has to focus on the competition that exists in its home market. Export marketing: Generally, companies began exporting Indirect Entry means turning over international sales to a third party. Generally speaking, this third party does the exporting for you. Indirect entry can also include licensing deals as well. By utilizing indirect exporting, a company could use the services of an Export Management Company, distributors, or commissioned agents or brokers. Direct Entry you are dealing with a company in the foreign market, so it can be the end-user, retailer, distributor, or export management company in that market. Because the manufacturer is more involved, the manufacturer makes decisions about the entire export process - from market and distribution, sales fulfillment, and payment. International marketing: If the exporting departments are becoming successful but the costs of doing business from headquarters plus time differences, language barriers, and...
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...rketing TABLE OF CONTENT Assignment Question 1) Introduction International Marketing Sony Corporation company’s background overview • Sony Rolly Figure 1.2 2) Situational analysis PESTLE analysis • What is PESTLE analysis? • Figure 2.2 • Sony’s Pestle analysis SWOT analysis • Sony’s SWOT analysis Figure 2.3 Marketing mix (4p’s) • Product • Promotion • Price • Place (distribution) 3) International Marketing Objective SMART (corporate objectives) Sony’s Mission and Vission statement 4) Marketing Strategy Ansoff’s Matrix Market Entry methods Segmentation, targeting and positioning Assignment Question Produce an international marketing plan that will introduce a consumer brand sold in your home market into a country in which it is currently not available. Introduction International Marketing As you can see that nowadays, a majority of organization try to market their products internationally. There are some reasons why they want to market it internationally and the reasons are to saturated their home market, competition, excess capacity, product life cycle differences, geographic diversification, comparative advantage in product, skill and technology, organizational reasons and lastly is the financial reasons (Walsh., L.S., 1993). International marketing can be defined as the performance of the business activities that is specially designed...
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...UBTI2013 GLOBAL MARKETING Bachelor of Marketing (Hons) Bachelor of Business Administration (Hons) Bachelor of International Business (Hons) Bachelor of Business Administration (Hons) Entrepreneurship Year One Year Two 201401 3 credit hours 2 hours lecture per week for the duration of 14 weeks. 1.5 hours tutorial per week for the duration of 14 weeks 7 Lecturer and Tutor: Lecturer / Tutor Mr. Neerjang Lama (Faculty of Business & Finance) neerjang@utar.edu.my Dr Falahat Nejadmahani Mohammad (Faculty of Accountancy & Management) falahat@utar.edu.my 3 Year of Study: 4 5 6 Year and Trimester: Credit Hour Lecture hours & tutorial hours 8 9 Mode of Delivery: Moderator Lecture & Tutorial Dr Gengeswari a/p Krishnapillai - Assistant Professor gengeswarik@utar.edu.my 10 Objective: The objectives of this unit are: To provide a theoretical framework for analyzing global marketing strategies and orientations. To examine the relationship between global marketing environments and global marketing strategies. To examine the concept of global marketing research and its impact to the global marketing. To import the knowledge of various entry modes into a foreign market place. To highlight various marketing mix strategies applicable to global marketing. 11 Learning Outcome: On completion of this unit, a student shall be able to: Identify different levels of global marketing orientation and its respective implications in the global marketing practices...
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...International Marketing plan on FlipKart Service Student ID: 350 2015 DEEPAK, STUDENT ID: 350 FlipKart Manager 7/16/2015 FlipKart Service Submitted to Udara Wickramasinghe Submitted by Deepak Kumar Sreeramula (Student ID: 350) ICNZ 2015 Executive Summary China's spectacular economic growth-averaging 8% or more annually over the past two decades-has produced an impressive increase in the standard of living for hundreds of millions of Chinese citizens. At the same time, this economic development has had severe ramifications for the natural environment. There has been a dramatic increase in the demand for natural resources of all kinds, including water, land and energy. Forest resources have been depleted, triggering a RANGE of devastating secondary impacts such as desertification, flooding and species loss. Moreover, poorly regulated industrial and household emissions and waste have caused levels of water and air pollution to skyrocket. China's development and environment practices have also made the country one of the world's leading contributors to regional and global environmental PROBLEMS, including acid rain, ozone depletion, global climate change, and biodiversity loss. Without greater attention and commitment from the centre, China's environment is likely to CONTINUE to deteriorate throughout much of the country, causing further...
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...Introduction The original formula for Red Bull was developed in 1964; however, the Red Bull company was not founded until 1984 after a merger between Dietrich Mateschitz, marketing guru, and Chaleo Yoovidhya, the owner of the Red Bull formula. Categorized as an energy drink, Red Bull was initially designed to “treat jet lag and boost energy for truck drivers” (Hollensen, 2012). In today's era, Red Bull is commonly used as an energy drink; like coffee, and as a mixer in alcoholic drinks, like Red Bull Wings and the Jägerbomb. This aligns with the company's focus on the younger generations of partygoers and post-secondary students. Red Bull’s marketing strategy is one of the key factors in their success, they created Mobile Energy Team that consists primarily of young university students driving around in specially designed Mini Coopers with large Red Bull cans on top to attract the younger audience. The students are Red Bull’s team out in the field that attend different events and provide sampling of the energy drink. Oftentimes, the Red Bull representatives host parties with cases of Red Bull. These representatives collect data from these parties and send it back to the company as a form of low cost market research. In 2010 Red Bull had 7,758 employees of which 5,000 were university students. Red Bull is also known globally for hosting extreme sporting events and sponsoring some 500 athletes. Over the years they have acquired four soccer teams, a Nascar team, and two Formula...
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...Marketing 716-103 Macro Environmental Analysis Assignment: 1 To: Prof. Brian Press By: Nadeem Shaikh (300768229) 2/09/2015 Introduction: In this project, we have disclosed the overall plan for the company Herculean which is a new Canadian company which manufactures soft-shell jackets under the brand name of “Herculean”. This company has its different product lines. For instance, Safety jackets, winter jackets and so on and is seeking to expand its arm in the international market. And it has its eye on Russian market. There are various factors, which is taken into consideration by the company while choosing an international market. Since, Russia has 60 percent of middle class and lower wellness people who are also called working class for whom affordable safety jackets are mandatory. On the top of that, the Russian winter is considered as the most severe winters in the world where people needs high quality of winter jackets to stay warm during winters. This company has propensity to manufacture these kinds of high quality and long life sustaining jackets which is more convenient for the Russian market. Country Analysis: 1. Russian Trade & Economic situation: Facts: Because of high prices charged by Russia for the main exports like oil & gas primarily, the country had maintained the stability in macroeconomic by growing the real GDP by 40% followed with cutting down the annual average inflation rate by 6.5%. The public expenditure has also...
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...ABDT 3213 – International Marketing Week 2 Tutorial 1: Introduction to Global Marketing SECTION A: Coursework Briefing SECTION B: Discussion Questions 1. What are the basic goals of marketing? Are these goals relevant to global marketing? 2. What is meant by “global localization?” Is Coca-Cola a global product? Explain. 3. Describe some of the global marketing strategies available to companies. Give examples of McDonald that use the different strategies. 4. Describe the difference between ethnocentric, polycentric, regiocentric, and geocentric management orientations. 5. Define leverage and explain the different types of leverage utilized by companies with global operations. 6. What is “global marketing” and how does it differ from “regular marketing?” Giving examples of at least one major corporation explain these differences. SECTION C: CASE STUDY CASE 1-3: Acer Inc (page 57) 1. How did the “global markets-local markets” paradox figure into Shih’s strategy for China? 2. Can Acer become the world’s third largest PC company, behind Dell and Hewlett-Packard? 3. Growth in the U.S. PC market has started to slow down. Despite strong competition from Dell and Hewlett-Packard, Acer’s U.S. market share increased form 1 percent in 2004 to 3.3 percent by the end of 2006. What are Acer’s prospects for gaining further share in the United States? ABDT 3213 – International Marketing Week 3 ...
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...International marketing Introduction to Global Marketing (polycopié 1) fidéliser les clients : to build customer loyalty un ensemble de : a set of Définition d'un marché : A market is a set of actual and potential customers. Actual customer is the customer that the company already have. One product is design for one market. One product is design for a set of customers. Market are customers. The marketing process : 1 – Analysis => SWOT analysis - company strenghs & weaknesses (internal analysis) - market opportunities & threats (external analysis) 2 – Planification => setting goals => designing strategies 3 – Implementation => implementing Marketing mix strategies 4 Ps : Product, price, place, promotion 4 – Control => making sure strategies have delivered expected results Global marketing Global marketing is the coordination of marketing activities across various countries that satisfy customers needs. To go global : selling products on a worldwide basis. A) Why do firms go global ? Brand image : a set of mental representations that customers have about the brand. Survival and growth - limited growth in domestic markets eg (équivalent de exemple : exempli gracia en latin) : Nestlé - High growth potential in emerging markets emerging markets : have a fast growth eg China's growth rate around 8 %, BRICS Gaining increased competitiveness - Achieving economies...
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...Table of contents 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Situation analysis 3.0 Summary of key issues/challenges 4.0 Strategic Options and recommendations 5.0 Marketing Mix 6.0 Summary 7.0 References and bibliography 8.0 Appendices Introduction The global fashion industry is altering with higher end fashion stores opening and selling their goods on display in more international markets such as China. This report analyses and develops the foreign markets for high end fashion. A company has been set up is called Ted Maker Ltd. The company is looking into investing in overseas with its business. The company is already an established company which sells accessories in the UK. This report will seek to develop whether or not the company should open a store overseas. With competitors opening new stores and an increase in new store development, competition in the market is getting high. This indicates that how critical it is to the chain to expand its product lines and operations, in order to advance a competitive strategy to expand the financial attainment in the high fashion industry. The report will be seeking to identify important facts and figures around the business to recommend the best course of action to expand the chain. This report seeks to provide an analysis of the luxury accessories store by undertaking a strategic audit. The report will consider going on to any feasible strategic possibilities in worldwide expansion. 2.0 Situational analysis 2.1 Macro and Micro...
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...Introduction 1 The principal activities of marketing 2 Marketing Mix 3 Market Selection 4 Segmentation and targeting 4 Accessibility/actionability 4 Targeting strategies 5 1. Concentration 5 2. Mass (global) marketing 5 3. Differentiated marketing 5 Market-entry strategies 5 International marketing mix 6 Product 6 Price 7 Promotion 8 Place (distribution) 9 References 10 Introduction Marketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders (AMA). International marketing is just the simple application of marketing principles by a company to overseas or other countries. International marketing involves additional risks and uncertainties compared to the domestic marketing. A company needs to analyze and prepare strategic plans before entering a new market. International marketing is often necessary for the companies in order to increase its sales and size of the market, extend the product life cycle, new opportunities and solutions, etc. In this chapter, we will discuss about the principal activities of international marketing, market segmentation and selection, marketing strategies and moreover, international marketing mix. The principal activities of marketing Marketing is the backbone of a business. For successful marketing, a company needs to analyze several factors...
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