...INTERPERSONAL BEHAVIOR* * Condensed and adapted from W. C. Schutz: “Interpersonal Underworld”, Harvard Business Review, July-August, 1958. In order to deal with interpersonal behavior it is necessary to have an understanding of the general principles of interpersonal behavior, since formulas for handling specific situations are of limited value at best. The following theory is by no means the only one extent in psychological literature, but it is offered as a possible framework for understanding interpersonal problems. INTERPERSONAL NEEDS The basis for evolving this theory of interpersonal behavior is the individual’s fundamental interpersonal relations orientation or, to abbreviate, FIRO. The basic assumption of this approach is that people need people. Every human being, because he lives in a society, must establish an equilibrium between himself and his human environment just as he must establish an equilibrium between himself and the physical world. This social nature of man gives rise to certain interpersonal needs, which he must satisfy to some degree while avoiding threat to himself. Although each individual has different intensities of needs and different mechanisms for handling them, people have the same basic needs. People have three basic interpersonal needs in common: The Need for Inclusion This is the need to maintain a satisfactory relation between the self and other people with respect to interaction or belonging-ness. Some people like...
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...Introduction Interpersonal behavior is the interaction between two or more persons. It is imperative to building and maintaining any type of relationship in our social world. However, when looking at interpersonal behavior in the workplace, things become a little more complicated. Interpersonal behavior affects the relationships between coworker and coworker, coworker and supervisor, and even worker and customer. Interpersonal relationships are important in career and job success. Positive relationships can lead to harmonious work achievement, overall happiness, and even success. Negative relationships can lead to poor work performance and can hinder problem solving and conflict resolution. Throughout this journey into interpersonal behavior, certain issues that can hinder the overall success or the organization will be dissected and different solutions to these issues will be proposed. The organization being used in this study is CB Richard Ellis Service Desk at Baylor. The unit consists of 10 employees. They come from different backgrounds and all have different goals. While a tight knit group, there are some interpersonal behaviors that hinder the organization as a whole. Throughout this project interpersonal behavior is substituted for words such as interpersonal skills and interpersonal relationships. Problem Statement Interpersonal skills are important attributes in maintaining a positive business atmosphere. Without these skills, relations...
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...In reflecting on my interpersonal communication behaviors that I seek to change. The two distinct aspects I would like to improve are having self-confidence and body language. The first communication behavior is self-confidence. I for one do not like to talk in front of people. I am not a shy person but I always do not like to be judge for the way that I talk or sound. Being that I am from Texas it shows while I am talking and I am often embarrassed when I do talk in front of a group of people. I get nervous and have anxiety which makes me talk faster and also stumble over my words. This is what I feel also plays a big factor when I go on an interview for a job. If I know for a fact that it’s a group interview I would not go. In a way that...
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...Behavior Specific Cognition /Affect According to Pender, the behavioral change process begins with the cognitive ability to desire a specific health performance (2015). After the individual has sought out interest in a particular area, the next step is to seek information and assess how this behavioral change may be applied to his or her lifestyle. R.H is a young adult male who has focused much of his attention to health on his physical appearance and appropriate weight gain. The individual’s approach to achieving such goals are acquired by enhanced physical activity at the gymnasium and certain additives to his diet. To begin the process of his behavior change, R.H has identified unhealthy habits and replaced them with options that may contribute...
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...Behavioral blend: You must have seen pattern of behavior because everyone has a specific personality. There are four basic personality types. These personality types are also known as temperaments, blend together to determine your personality. To help you understand why you often feel, think, and act the way you do, the expression “behavioral blend” is described in the DISC Personality Assessment. There are four types of behavior or temperaments D, I, S, and C that are blended to create a unique personality for every individual. Four Temperament model of human behavior as a template, four basic personality types that blend together to make up each unique individual, or the DISC personality model: D’s are dominant, directing and decisive; I’s are influence and inspiring; S’s are submissive and sensitive, and C’s are critical, cautious, and competent. There are two sections to the behavioral blend: what is expected of the person and who the person truly is. My expected blend is D/C and who I am is D/I/C. Behavioral blend positive influences: Inspiring, Creative, Active, Original, Outgoing, Asserting, Competent, Devoted, Cautious, Inquisitive, Perceptive, Researching, Industrious and Spirited. Behavioral blend negative influences: Controlling, Restless, Relentless, Reactive, Demanding, Impatient, Opinionated, Judgmental, Masked, Self-absorbed, Guarded, Unreceptive, Questioning, Aggressive Discussion of my behavioral blend: “D”:- dominant, directing and decisive ...
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...Theories of Personalities | Conscious | Unconscious | Biological | Social Influences | Similarities | Uniqueness | Freud: Psychoanalysis | Even though we are aware of our daily actions, we are still motivated with the actions of our unconscious and still be guided with the dream analysis. | He believed that everything from slips of the tongue to religious experiences is the result of a deep-rooted desire to satisfy sexual or aggressive desire and drives. | As Physician, he viewed the human personality from the heredity concept as he trained medical outputs. He believed that infantile fantasies and anxieties are also rooted in biology. | Even if he frequently speculated about the consequences of prehistoric social units of life and about the consequences of an individual’s early social experience. | Humanity’s evolutionary past gives to a great many similarities among people and individual. | Individual experiences also, especially those of early childhood, shaped people in a somewhat unique manner and account for many of the differences among personalities. | Adler: Individual Psychology | Adler explains that those thoughts are understood and regarded by the individual as helpful in striving for success. | He explained that it is a part of the goal in which is neither clearly formulated nor completely understood by the individual and he added that unconscious thoughts are those that are not helpful. | He regarded Self-centeredness with biological aspects as pathological health...
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...Positive Psychology Areas of Focus in Relation to Interpersonal and Prosocial Behavior Carmen Amaya Park University 1. Abstract The concepts of Positive Psychology are explored through an intrapersonal, interpersonal, and pro-social lens using empirical research as the basis. The paper examines the history, intentions and scope of positive psychology in relationship to personal experiences and character traits that lead to personal effectiveness. The specific Areas of Focus examine the major principles of Positive Psychology and their importance with regards to; changes in emotional states, cognitive processes and experiences in juxtaposition with current research. The concepts and principles are then applied to current goals, plans and future application in respect to the workplace, environment and culture. Finally, the challenges, obstacles and unanswered questions are discussed in current applications of Positive Psychology. Keywords: Positive Psychology, resiliency, hope, theories, emotion, cognition 2. Positive Psychology Areas of Focus in Relation to Interpersonal and Pro-social Behavior Major Principles and Concepts The primary underlying assumption of positive psychology is that psychology should focus on encouraging people’s strengths rather than fixing their weaknesses (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000). Seligman and Csikszentmihalyi (2000) assert that as a new psychological paradigm, positive psychology rejects the disease...
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...been created to explain how a person learns and develops. Three learning personality theories discussed here are the behavioral analysis theory, the social cognitive theory, and the cognitive social learning theory. The strengths and limitations of the three theories will be analyzed that will provide small, but noticeable edges on the other. A description of how each theory affects personality will be discussed. In closing, an explanation of how each learning theory proposes interpersonal relationships are influenced will be examined. Strengths and Limitations Behavioral Analysis Theory An advantage of the behavioral analysis theory is that it is based on observable evidence. This theory contains important concepts such as reinforcement, used as effective therapies to treat undesirable behaviors. Although proven to be an effective therapeutic theory it has many weaknesses. It does not account for learning that does not involve negative or positive reinforcement, nor does it explain adaptive behavior. Proponents of this theory also argue that this approach is too deterministic and cannot be accurate, as it does not account for free will or emotion (Feist & Feist, 2009). Social Cognitive Theory Much like behavioral analysis theory, the main advantage of the social cognitive theory is that it is based on solid quantitative evidence that is observable and recordable. The other advantage of this theory is the idea of self-efficacy. Self-efficacy is best described as the...
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...ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR Faculty Member Details: Dr. Prageetha G Raju Room No. D-203 Ph: 8790794397 E-mail: dr.prageetha@gmail.com Consulting Hours: Students can visit my room any time between 9 a.m. and 5:45 p.m. (only if needed) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Course Description: The management of complex organizations requires an understanding of the nature of human behavior in corporate and other organizations, styles of motivations, personality and perceptions, company leadership, power and authority, strategies of organizational design and change, teamwork, conflict and collaboration, and culture. Organizational Behavior explores individual and group behavior within work organizations and helps students understand, describe, and explain human behavior at work. Course Objective: The course shall be completed in 33 sessions and after completing the course the student will be able to: * Apply and analyze different concepts related to organizational behavior * Define the purpose and nature of the field of organizational behavior * Understand and learn how to Manage individuals for high performance by developing your understanding of individual and interpersonal behavior * Understand and learn how to manage groups for high performance through an exposure to theories, concepts, and principles of OB Prescribed Textbook: Organizational Behavior, Stephen P Robbins,Timothy...
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...Outline Draft Melinda Bailey COM200: Interpersonal Communication Instructor: Monica Scales April 29, 2012 I. INTRODUCTION The art of Communication and research of intrapersonal communication. With explanation of the principles and the misconceptions of effective interpersonal communications. II. To identify the barriers to effective interpersonal interactions. A. According to the Journal of Personality; Apr2011, Vol. 79 Issue 2, p429-467, 39p. , they had examined self and friends and social relationship for quality and social interactions. B. 544 students on a college level from Spain and Germany as well as the United States, scored on the judgments’ and situational test on emotions. Which identify effective emotional situations in interpersonal communication regulation? 1. Journal of Personality Issue 2 Vol. 79, P429-467 2. Sole, K. (2011).Making connections: Understanding interpersonal communication III. The process by which one of self-concept is developed. A. Self-concept is the main organizing construction in the behavioral science studies and how this influences how one’s may interpret their environment. As well as the choices they may make and the actions and reactions of their behavior. B. Being social is a critical to the human race and survival, to be interconnected as to be similar to a social environment. Which at time can be spontaneous and is vital to the human race and categories? 1. Journal of Personality...
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... A N I N C E S R E 22:24 D V A Annu. Rev. Psychol. 2005. 56:14.1–14.28 doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070141 Copyright c 2005 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved First published online as a Review in Advance on September 10, 2004 PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR: Multilevel Perspectives Louis A. Penner Karmanos Cancer Institute/Family Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 40202, and Research Center for Group Dynamics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; email: pennerl@karmanos.org John F. Dovidio Psychology Department, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York 13346; email: John.Dovidio@UConn.edu Jane A. Piliavin Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; email: jpiliavi@ssc.wisc.edu David A. Schroeder University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701; email: dave@uark.edu Key Words altruism, cooperation, helping ■ Abstract Current research on prosocial behavior covers a broad and diverse range of phenomena. We argue that this large research literature can be best organized and understood from a multilevel perspective. We identify three levels of analysis of prosocial behavior: (a) the “meso” level—the study of helper-recipient dyads in the context of a specific situation; (b) the micro level—the study of the origins of prosocial tendencies and the sources of variation in these tendencies; and (c) the macro level—the study of prosocial actions that occur...
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...Analysis of Management Theories Vanessa Goins Grand Canyon University LDR-620 Professor Barry Adkins November 20, 2013 The historical theory that I believe is the most likely to be the most universal and applicable in today’s business environment is the humanistic perspective. It has remained the most prevalent from the 1950’s until today (Daft, 2010).It focuses on the positive of what it means to be human. The humanistic perspective, it is an approach that calls for the human’s rights and equality, emphasizes empathy and it stresses the good in a person’s behavior. At a place of employment, sensitivity training is an example of the humanistic perspective and this is where an individual or individuals are taught to view their coworkers as having the same desire and needs just like themselves. Another example of the humanistic perspective is for that individual to be able to focus on their strengths rather than their own faults. In the human perspective, the individual is encouraged not to look past his or her flaws as that individual works toward a more satisfied and completed life. Some positive aspects of human perspective are encouragement of individuals, not allowing their past affect their present and focus on what is really important now rather than anything else like their strengths and their goals that they want to accomplish. It allows the strengthening of relationships and it believes that a person seeks value, being creative, and having a meaning or purpose...
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...Week 2- Infancy and Toddlerhood- Kristopher In reading the case about 14- year old Kristopher in my opinion it seems that his delays and problem behavior may have stemmed from the history and physical development of his biological parents. Physical developments are characterized by patterns of physical growth and maturation. Physical developments are also affected by unhealthy behaviors which in this case have affected Kristopher. Having a mother who was addicted to drugs and a father who was elderly and not able to care for him had a major impact on how Kristopher reacts and behaves to certain situations. Cognitive development and socio-emotional mental health disorders in children and adolescents are normally caused by biology, environment, or a combination of the both. Kristopher’s environment also affected and triggered his mental health issues such as being exposed to violence, gang activities, the stress he suffered being moved from place to place and not to mention his mother left him when he was an infant. According to Vygotsky’s child development and how this was guided by the role of culture, interpersonal communication and how higher mental functions developed historically within particular cultural groups, as well as individually through social interactions with significant people in a child's life, particularly parents, but also other adults. Through these interactions, a child came to learn the habits of mind of her/his culture, including speech patterns...
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...Learning Personality Theories The world is full of human beings of different cultures. Individual personalities evolve from the environmental observation of others. Cultural differences are the core factors to personality and human interaction in the environment (Piekkola, 2011). Personalities can change as behaviors are modified, and certain personality traits, while uniquely formed to each individual, have common roots within specific cultural backgrounds. Cultural backgrounds stem from common grounds of beliefs and personalities that form from those environments but differ depending on geographic location. However, traits that evolve from constitution and temperament have minimal effects of changes in the environment; consequently, socially adapted traits may improve, alter, or even dissipative (Piekkola, 2011). Common personality traits that are culturally learned might remain stable over time depending on the cultural patterns that have worked to produce them. Personality traits may still change to conform to environmental exposure. Through various social contingencies, personalities may encounter various changes in order to adapt and live in the world today (Piekkola, 2011). Individuals learn from an interaction between the self, others, and the environment and any changes that occur within the personality function as an adaptive coping mechanism within these specific interactions. In this conversation, the authors will discuss the various learning and behaviorally...
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...believe are some of the most important differences between these two popular instruments. The Life Styles Inventory™ (LSI) measures twelve distinct thinking and behavioral styles that are distinguished by their orientations toward task versus people and higher-order needs for satisfaction and growth versus lower order needs for security and safety. The LSI builds on the work of a variety of noteworthy psychologists, including Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, Albert Ellis, Karen Horney, Timothy Leary, David McClelland, Harry Stack Sullivan, as well as management scholars, such as Fredrick Hertzberg, Douglas McGregor, and Ralph Stodgill. It is designed to provide individuals with an opportunity to identify specific strengths in their thinking and behavior, as well as any “stumbling blocks” that may be standing in their way. As such, the LSI is used to initiate positive changes in how people approach their work and interact with others— changes that can increase both their personal and professional effectiveness. In contrast, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator® (MBTI®) measures preferences rather than thinking styles. More specifically, it is a system for classifying the ways in which people become aware of, perceive, and judge events. The MBTI is an application of Carl Jung’s theory of psychological types. It is designed to help individuals become acquainted with their own preferences as well as the preferences of others based on the four...
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