...writing. Regional working group members of Save the Children Sweden - Denmark (SCSD) in the respective countries took the responsibility for identifying and contacting organisations and individuals who are working to combat CSA, particularly those providing psychosocial support to children affected by abuse. A total of 34 organisations and individuals were met. Six days were spent in each country, except in Afghanistan, where only three days were spent. The six locations were Peshawar, Islamabad and Karachi. Organisations met included those working on child sexual exploitation and sexual health, and those working with communities of street children, MSM (men who have sex with men), and trafficked women and girls. Many groups could not be visited due to time limitations. Non-governmental organisations (NGOs), university psychology departments, community-based organisations (CBOs), international non-governmental organisations (INGOs) and donor agencies, as well as independent research consultants and a theatre animator | | | were amongst the contacts met. Interviews were held | | | with those at management level, heads of organisations, | | | coordinators of child protection units, trainers, | | | programme officers, field workers, therapists and | | | counsellors. Wherever possible, counsellors, therapists | | | and caregivers working directly with children were | | | interviewed. | 1 | | | | | Objectives The objectives were to: ...
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...Child Sexual Abuse – Past, Present and Future Donna Hurst University of the Cumberlands HSOL 331 April 13, 2013 ABSTRACT This paper explores the issue of child sexual abuse. Sexual abuse of a child has become a major social issue in not only the United States but the entire world. It is imperative that society learns all they can about this issue. As a whole, society needs to discover the indicators of sexual abuse, the appropriate ways to report suspected abuse and how to help those that have been abused so they are not continually victimized by their past. This paper will explore child abuse and child sexual abuse in six parts. The first part will begin with the earliest references of child abuse as a whole. The second part will continue on to the emergence of the issue of child abuse on the social and political scene. The third part of this paper will show when and how sexual abuse first became recognized as part of the child abuse issue. The fourth part of this paper will move into the effects of child sexual abuse. The fifth part will cover child sexual abuse intervention methods and the sixth part will focus on the treatments available to help victims in the present as well as the future. PART ONE: CHILD ABUSE’S PAST In the ancient world, infanticide was common practice in nearly all cultures. Children were killed at birth if they did not seem fit. Fathers were permitted to kill their newborns if they deemed the child was abnormal. Children that showed signs...
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...Impact of Childhood Sexual Abuse Shobila Kaligounder Marymount University Introduction As per UNICEF’s (2014) definition, sexual violence against children comprises any sexual activities imposed by an adult on a child against which the child is entitled to protection by criminal law. This includes: (a) The inducement or coercion of a child to engage in any unlawful or psychologically harmful sexual activity; (b) The use of children in commercial sexual exploitation; (c) The use of children in audio or visual images of child sexual abuse; and (d) Child prostitution, sexual slavery, sexual exploitation in travel and tourism, trafficking for purposes of sexual exploitation (within and between countries), sale of children for sexual purposes and forced marriage. Sexual activities are also considered as abuse when committed against a child by another child if the offender is significantly older than the victim or uses power, threat or other means of pressure. Consensual sexual activities between children are not considered as sexual abuse if the children are older than the age limit defined by the State Party. In spite of a clear definition for child sexual abuse violence in the lives of children is so real and as an international community we do very little to protect them. There is also a dearth of data to prove the prevalence of violence due to the hidden nature of the abuse and gives a false notion that it is a rare occurrence. Children are vulnerable to sexual victimization...
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...Parents’ Perspectives: The “Sex Talk” with Their Children Remember talking with your parents’ about the ‘birds and the bees?” Maybe that discussion never occurred because your parents’ vaguely skimmed over the sex education topic or they were too uncomfortable discussing “sex” with you at all. What parents don’t realize is that talks about sex education with their children can significantly affect sexual behavior in a positive way. Unfortunately, most parents do not talk to their children about sex because parents feel it’s a very awkward discussion to have with a child. ”In a study, published in Pediatrics by Dr. Mark Schuster (author & chief of general), researchers found that more than 40% of adolescents had intercourse before talking to their parents about safe sex, birth control or sexually transmitted diseases.” (Park, Time Health) Though it may not be apparent, kids would prefer to learn about sex from their parents. This study was done as a wake-up call to parents, who are not discussing important issues with their children, before unwise sexual choices are made. “The “Qualitative Study” involved 141 family’s who enrolled in the Talking Parents, Healthy Teens Program, organized by the University of California Los Angeles/Rand Center for Adolescent Health Promotion and overseen by Dr. Mark Schuster.” (Park, Time Health) Separate groups were conducted for mothers and fathers, and for black, white and hispanic parents. Content analysis was...
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...The sample included 172 young adults aged 19-26 that were homeless or had a history of running away and being homeless. Results showed that experiences of childhood physical abuse were positively correlated with being a victim of intimate partner violence; experiences of childhood neglect were positively correlated with sexual, physical and partner violence victimization, and experiences of sexual victimization were positively correlated with participation in HIV risk behaviors. One major limitation was that all data were based on self-reports and some measures such as child maltreatment were retrospective, which suggests a potential for over- or under-reporting. Also, this was a cross-sectional study and therefore cannot be used to determine...
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...Homeless LGBT Youth Patricia Lynard Literature Review SOWK 469 Applied Social Work Research Kofi Danso, Instructor Minnesota State University, Mankato March 6, 2013 Background/Intervention Someone who identifies as homeless LGBT youth is someone who fits into three categories combine. Firstly, they are young usually between the ages of 13-17 years of age. They are also homeless which loosely describes a person without a regular dwelling. There are several reasons why someone may become homeless; some examples include financial difficulties or family problems that force someone out of their home. The last category is an individual who identifies as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT). It is estimated that people who identify as LGBT make up 20% of the homeless population (Van Leeuwen, Boyle, Salomonsen-Sautel, Baker, Garcia, Hoffman, & Hopfer, 2006). When these categories are combined the individual is considered homeless LGBT youth, which is the focus of this literature review. The interventions for homeless LGBT youth are limited, but they can access local homeless shelters they however run the threat of being harassed by other people using the facilities for their sexual orientation. There a few organizations designed to help the homeless LGBT youth these interventions provide emergency housing for LGBT youth who have either been thrown out or have run away from their homes (Rosario, Schrimshaw, & Hunter, 2012). Purpose The purpose of this literature...
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...secondary sources a sample survey was conducted to collect primary field data. Data was collected on the basis of the questionnaire, and the sample of the study was selected purposively. The significant findings of the study reveal that street children live in a highly hazardous environment. It’s a warning sign for any developmental consequences. This paper highlights the present condition of the street children in Dhaka city and recommended some suggestion. Key words: Street, Children, Health, Hazards, Introduction Street children are common problem for a developing country like Bangladesh. Being out in the open street eventually impairs the personality and creativity of Children. The global efforts for preservation of child rights and protection of them from child labour are coming on first priority of every nation. Street children can be found easily on Dhaka city corporation in diverse places such as in industries, factories, hotels and restaurants, shops, automobile and engineering workshops, building and construction, garbage collection, book binding etc. All these factors make them vulnerable to deficiency,...
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...not reached legal adulthood, which varies across the world, who become pregnant (MedlinePlus 2008). Adolescent mothers are more numerous in western societies and especially in the United States. Today, young people are sexually active at an earlier age compare to the previous generation, and there are several associated consequences. Sexual activity among adolescents is often associated with unprotected sex or use of ineffective methods of contraception. A large proportion of adolescents are suffering from sexual transmitted diseases (STDs) and girls become pregnant and young mothers. Given the increase in teenage pregnancies and the consequences on the quality of life of the young people, an intervention, is needed starting in the middle schools. According to a study done in late 2009 by the Alan Guttmacher Institute (AGI), a pro-choice organization, nationwide, teenage pregnancy rate was 71.5 pregnancies per 1,000 women ages 13 to 19 (Huffington Post 2010). Before intervention, however, it is essential to understand the factors underlying the premature and unprotected sex leading to unwanted pregnancies and STDs among adolescents. These risk factors include individual characteristics of adolescents as well as environmental factors. This paper will examine the reasons of pregnancy among teenagers and the consequences that are associated. Review of literature The teenage pregnancies occur more frequently, in the poorest neighborhoods, lower socio-economic backgrounds where...
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...1 ABC Model of Crises Intervention Linda S Dallas Kaplan University Prof: Patricia Grace HN220-01: Prevention and Crises Intervention 2 Although not everyone that comes across a stressor in life will experience a crisis, some are unable to cope with the stressor in a healthy manner and eventually succumb to a crisis. If this person does not receive the adequate crisis intervention during this state, he or she is likely to be unable to function at the level he or she had been functioning before the crisis. This will inevitably lead to additional crisis scenarios for every stressor they must face in life. “This pattern can go on for many years until the person’s ego is completely drained of its capacity to deal with reality; often such people commit suicide, kill someone, or have a psychotic breakdown.” (Kanel, K. 2007). In order to be able to help the client to the best of the counselor’s abilities, the ABC Model of Crisis Intervention provides a useful guideline to learn about crisis intervention. In our textbook, Kanel states that “The three aspects of a crisis are (1) A precipitating event occurs; (2) the perception of this event leads to subjective distress; and (3) usual coping methods fail, leading the person experiencing the event to function psychologically, emotionally, or behaviorally at a lower level than before the precipitating event occurred.” In order to successfully help a client cope with a crisis, these three components must be recognized so that...
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...successful playwright in her thirties and her health status is free from disease or illness. There are no current physical manifestations of illness for SW; however she has had periods of psychotherapy for unresolved childhood issues and ineffective copying mechanisms. Family Members SW Age- mid thirties Sex –female Marital Status – engaged to CM Ethnicity- Caucasian Religion- Catholic Education- College degree Occupation – Professional playwright Interests and Hobbies – unknown VW Age- 60-70 Sex –female Marital Status – married to SJW Children – 3 female, 1male Ethnicity- Caucasian Religion- Catholic Education- some college Occupation – homemaker Interests and Hobbies – socializing with life-long friends the Ya-Yas SJW Age- 60 -70 Sex –male Marital Status – married to VW Children – 3 female, 1male Ethnicity- Caucasian Religion- Catholic Education- some college Occupation – Farmer Interests and Hobbies – unknown CM Age- mid thirties Sex –male Marital Status – engaged to VW Ethnicity- Caucasian Religion- unknown Education- College degree Occupation – Professional role Interests and Hobbies – unknown Ya-Yas Age – 60 -70 Sex – all female Marital Status – current status unknown but all three were married at one time Ethnicity- Caucasian Religion- Unknown Education- some degree Occupation – homemakers Interests and Hobbies – unknown Family Profile SW’s childhood was spent in...
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...Domestic Violence: Factors Impacting Domestic Violence Outline I. Introduction Somewhere around the world at this very moment, an individual is being abused they will be left with bruises, cuts and scars. The scars are not always physical, but often ones of mental torture that will last a lifetime. Their abuser is not a stranger, but rather their husband, boyfriend, wife, girlfriend, mother or father. At the heart of a situation of domestic abuse is one person, most often a woman, who is paying a heavy personal, social, economic, and emotional cost. She may have children – or not. She may be married – or not. She may be young or old, rich or poor, a member of any class of society. For any individual who is in an abusive relationship, seeking to leave it, or trying to find the strength to rebuild their life after doing so, there is a necessity not only for practical support to enable them to access appropriate services, but also for emotional support to build up shattered confidence and self-esteem. a. Definition A form of behavior that is used to obtain control and power over an individual is known as Domestic violence. The perpetrator uses emotional and physical attacks, intimidation, and fear to gain control over their victim. Domestic violence affects individuals in a broad range of different backgrounds such as economic, racial, social, ethnic, and religious groups. There is no discrimination...
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...The History of Domestic Violence Antoinette Perkins SOC 490 Dr. Stephen Ulrich November 11, 2012 Although, there are many social science problem or topics issues that take place on a regular basis throughout the world in our everyday society, I have chosen to discuss factors impacting domestic violence where women are mainly the victims. Even though there are many social problems in the world that we deal with, domestic violence should be taken more seriously especially with the consequences that could follow it. Although there are many different types of domestic violence that women suffer from, women should always take certain precautions and necessary action for a healthy and safe environment for themselves. With protecting themselves by receiving the proper help and it will help them to love themselves, feel safe, and help them to make better choices concerning their lives. There are a number of incidents that takes place each year on a daily basis referring to domestic violence including; women who are in college, different ethnics, different sizes, and so much more, which really means there is no particular woman that is chosen to become a victim. With domestic violence it is never a good situation for anyone to be in because of the outcome can be very serious and deadly for the victim. Even though there are many social problems in the world that we deal with, domestic violence should be taken more seriously especially...
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...Homeless Youth: Research, Intervention, and Policy by Karen Spuriel Coleman- MBA Abstract Homelessness among youth in the U.S. is disturbingly common, with an estimated annual prevalence of at least 5 percent for those ages 12 to 17. Although homeless youth appear throughout the nation, they are most visible in major cities. Rigorous research on this special population is sparse, making it difficult to capture an accurate and complete picture. Despite its limitations, recent research describes homeless youth as a large and diverse group. Many homeless youth have multiple overlapping problems including medical, substance abuse, and emotional and mental problems. Literature suggests that comprehensive and tailored services are needed that address both the immediate and long-term needs of homeless youth. Where appropriate, services should include assistance with meeting basic needs as perceived by youth as a gateway to other needed services. In addition to serving those already homeless, interventions are needed to prevent homelessness among at-risk youth. Lessons for Practitioners, Policy Makers, and Researchers • As used here, the term “homeless youth” focuses on minors who have experienced literal homelessness on their own—i.e., who have spent at least one night either in a shelter or "on the streets" without adult supervision. On occasion, where warranted by the research being discussed, the term is also used to describe homeless young adults up to age 24. • Homelessness...
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...gang life are able to be greater understood, and this understanding may lead to better practices in gang prevention and intervention. Women and girls have not been well-studied in relation to gang life until recently. According to Holsinger (2000), female delinquency has historically been ignored altogether, or researchers have tried to plug the female experience into theories formulated for males. Female roles in gangs were viewed as unimportant, and when they were studied, it was only in relation to their male counterparts (Campbell, 1990). Because the female experience is so much different from the male experience in a wide array of ways, it is important to take into consideration the different factors that may lead girls and women to pursue the gang life and join gangs. It is estimated that between 8-and-32% of gang members are female. That number has been disputed by several surveys, but as one researcher clarified, 32% of the jurisdictions surveyed did not even consider females as gang members “as a matter of policy (Curry and Decker, 2000).” Numbers vary greatly according to which methodology was used in the study, who was being asked, etc. Girls join gangs primary for the sense of affirmation and friendship. Their home life backgrounds vary from males in that they have a very increased likelihood of having experienced sexual trauma or abuse. The numbers on this...
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...Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Health Concerns Gender equality is a global concern in the community, women, in particular, have been vulnerable to abuse by their male counterparts. Gender equality cannot be achieved until each woman has control over their sexual and reproductive health decisions, this includes the risk for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. This decision is important to determine the spacing of children and also avoidance of early pregnancies, for achievement of equality, comprehensive interventions should be implemented at an early stage such as schools and in the community setting. Educating the girl child is an important tool for empowering them to better their control over sexual and reproductive health decisions among the adolescents, (Parsons 1). The control over sexual and reproductive health issues is an important element in achieving gender equality. Women need to decide whether, when and with whom to have sex, they can make the decision on childbearing and have an opportunity to ask their partners to use a condom. Today there are millions of unintended pregnancies each year, this is an indication that women and girls are unable to make decisions for their reproductive health decisions. Statistics shows that early initiation of sex predisposes girls to a higher risk of HIV, STIs, and early pregnancies. Statistics shows that pregnancy-related cause is the largest contributor of mortality among girls of ages 15 to 19 years with close to 70...
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