...an international criminal justice system, I would have to say the most well-known one would have to be Interpol. When discussing police forces within the United States, Interpol by far is the largest police association in existence. At the current time Interpol consists of one hundred and ninety different countries, and each country does take an active role in the organization. The biggest difference between International Criminal justice and criminal justice as we know it within the United States, is that when a decision has to be made on how to handle a criminal situation, with respect to Interpol, it is discussed amongst the various member countries, and within the United States the levels of justice are local, state, and federal, but they all operate with the same basic set of rules. When dealing with so many different countries the emphasis is on making sure that a resolution is found amongst all the countries. The best part of Interpol is that it gives the participating countries another method of solving crimes that may have originated in other countries. The only issue that Interpol ever encounters, is when a criminal is operating outside of the jurisdiction of any of the respective countries that are members of Interpol. As far as the effect globalization has or has had upon the United States and our criminal justice, the main issue has been that many countries do feel as though they will not allow the US to pursue certain measures of justice. Some countries...
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...Jails and Prisons CJA/234 February 13, 2013 Janice Rachal Jails and Prisons WHAT IS JAIL? Jail in my opinion is a temporarily place of confinement until the final sentence is issued. According to Prisons and the Criminal Justice System by Lois Smith Owens, “A jail is a facility where people are detained for the following reasons: (1) they cannot pay bail or are ineligible for bail; (2) they have been convicted of a crime and are awaiting sentence; (3) they are being confined because they have committed a misdemeanor; (4) they are waiting for a hearing; (5) the state facilities are overcrowded.” The difference between jail and prison is that jail is used by local jurisdictions such as counties and cities to confine people for short periods. Jails are used to house those with petty crimes or those who are waiting to be sentence. A prison or penitentiary, is administered by the state, and is used to house convicted criminals for periods of a much longer duration. Both are part of a larger penal system, which includes other aspects of criminal justice such as courts, law enforcement, and criminal labs (law.umich.edu). The History of Prisons The 19th Century saw the birth of the state prison. The first National State Penitentiary was completed at Millbank in London, in 1816. It held 860 prisoners, kept in separate cells, although association with other prisoners was allowed throughout the day (bop.gov). Work in prison was mainly centered on simple tasks such as coir (tarred...
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...Fall 2011 | CJC 111 IC1 Intro to Criminal Justice | Credit Hours: 3 | Contact Hours: 3 | Pre-requisites: None | Co-requisites: None | Class Meeting Day(s): Online | Class Meeting Time(s): Online | Instructor Name: Ryan Cox | Email Address: coxr@roanokechowan.edu | Telephone Number: 862-1231 | Office Location: SSC 211 | | Office Hours: MWF 11:55-12:55 TTh 9:00-10:00 | College Mission: Roanoke-Chowan Community College is a comprehensive two-year public institution located in Northeastern North Carolina where it serves a diverse student population and seeks to be student centered and committed to an open-door admissions policy. The college strives to serve the needs of individuals; its communities, business and industry; and other organizations by providing opportunities for life-long learning through quality educational programs and training that is relevant; economical; convenient; and life altering. Many of our constituents are beset with challenges that act as barriers to even modest success; therefore, we see it as part of our mission to act as a catalyst in the creation of educational opportunities and training that can maximize individual and group potential within our service area. The College seeks to do this through contributing substantially to the educational goals of our students and by meeting the training needs of new and expanding industries within our service area. The College also recognizes that even though our service...
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...corrections system is a constantly changing system in today’s society. The allowance of change within this system is crucial to society’s needs. From centuries ago, punishment, itself has changed drastically. Jail Jail, is a place where criminal offenders are taken. Jails are usually run by the county Sherriff. This type of correctional facility is a criminal offender’s first stop, depending on the crime committed, that is used to straighten out the misbehavior of the said criminal offender in the hopes they will change their ways. According to Seiter (2011),”Jails are the watershed of the correctional system. The U.S. jail is the oldest of the correctional components, initiated well before prisons, probation, parole, or halfway houses.” ("Chapter 3: Jails") Jails have been involved in the correctional system for a long time. The original purpose of a jail was to lock away a criminal offender. Treatment in jails was poor and conditions ever worse. Now that jail has evolved, it serves as a place of rehabilitation and a place that transitions criminal offenders into being put back into society. “Probably no major segment of the criminal justice system is less studied, evaluated, or understood than the nation’s jails. Yet no segment of the criminal justice system touches more people’s lives.” (Seiter, 2011, "Chapter 3: Jails"). History of Prisons “Most people think that only the federal and state governments operate prisons for adult offenders, but there are actually several other...
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...police commissioner to lend my expertise on criminal justice research. On the other hand this is for educational resources for the police captains who will be developing a new citywide crime prevention strategy. In addition to the resources that will be discussed are the key differences between deductive, inductive, grounded, and axiomatic research theories. However, there are differences and similarities between the theories and hypothesis that will also be discussed. Defining the theory is more valid then the other and what are variables will also be included in this assignment. Lastly, they have important components of theoretical schemes and that is vital to demonstrate the key points in the scenario of a consultant and an educational consultant. Introduction In a research process there are many factors to consider in educating individuals on criminal justice research. However, to understand the strategy in constructing new citywide crime prevention strategy there are key points that needs to be discussed. They key points that will be demonstrated for educational resources will include defining theories of deductive, inductive, grounded, and axiomatic research theories. Furthermore, with one of these theories one can be considered more valid then the other. There are many theories introduced in the criminal justice system but they all have similarities and differences that make them so unique in the world of criminal justice. Understanding the theories is one key point...
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... As a juvenile probation officer I would not be more lenient on a juvenile because he or she is about to turn the age of 18. As a matter of fact I would violate the juvenile and let him or her sit until he or she receives a court hearing or for the two months that he or she has before transferring out of the juvenile justice system and affairs over to the adult courts. This in my opinion would be the last time the juvenile will have a chance to straighten their act up before they get into trouble as an adult. If they do get into trouble when they are an adult he or she should already know and understand that their history of criminal behavior may not be open to the public’s eye but, the judge will more than like know their criminal background all too well. No matter what one thinks, as a juvenile what they truly do not know is prosecutors, judges as well as defense attorney knows every angle of the criminal justice system and all who pass through it and if a juvenile is a repeated offender in the delinquent age trust me if they get into more trouble as an adult the courts can and will after trying to do all they can to reform him or her. The criminal justice system will now punish him or her to the fullest extinct of the adult...
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...point in time, it became a unified idea to have some place to house criminals. The division of the criminal justice system that is responsible for housing criminals is known as The Department of Corrections. The Department of Corrections gives communities protection by providing jails and prisons for criminals. These facilities allow offenders to receive fair service while serving their time. The mission of places to house criminals is to reduce the risk of criminal conduct through a partnership with communities, with a continuum of community supervision, incarceration, sanctions and services to manage offender behavior. The fundamental value in the continuum of probation, prison, and parole is the principle that the least restrictive method be used to oversee offender behavior (Schmalleger & Smykla, 2009). Corrections have been around for quite some time. During the 1700’s, prisons were a terrible environment for prisoners. Prisons were nasty and did not provide good care for prisoners. The prisons were unsanitary and many prisoners got sick because of the filthy conditions. It has been proven that many times prisoners did not eat properly in prison and they received harsh corporal punishment on a regular basis. As time progressed, the prisons began to develop in a positive manner (www.prisonsociety.org/about/history.htm). During the 19th century, America was the first nation to hold convicted criminals in areas away from those awaiting trial. America also outlawed torture...
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...CRIMINAL JUSTICE Name Institution Course Date Explain how the various aspects of criminal justice relate to one another through a discussion of the criminal justice process and agencies involved in this process. Be specific and use examples to illustrate your points. Criminal equity process differs from state to state, and the government criminal equity framework has its guidelines, techniques, and terms to portray the procedures' phases. Crime obviously, there has to be the person involved in committing the offence, and the criminal equity system starts with the commission of wrongdoing. For instance, theft happens when a man takes property from its owner with the purpose to deny the property's owner the right to have the property. (Smartt, 2010) People involved in the crime have to report the crime to the police. Investigation police are deeply involved in this stage. Search Warrant, if instigating officer’s trust there's proof of wrongdoing at a particular area, they may attempt to get a court order permitting them to seek the premises. Interrogation Law authorization officers can examine witnesses, and even question potential suspects, the length of their sacred rights are secured. After a criminal offence has been reported, the police officer has to conduct an investigation to determine whether the act was illegal or not illegal. (Sales, 2008) If the crime was illegal, an arrest warrant is commanded for the suspect to be arrest and taken to the crown prosecutor...
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...Is the U.S. Criminal Justice System a true system? William H. Watson IV University of Maryland University College Is the U.S. Criminal Justice System a true system? The criminal justice system in the United States (U.S.) is not a true system; or at least not a true functioning system. A true system is a fine tuned process, where all participants involved work towards a common goal. Every transition in a true system, is a smooth change, where no participants in the system will do anything to jeopardize the proper functionality of the next process in that system. This is not the case of the U.S. criminal justice system. The U.S. criminal justice system is comprised of numerous individuals, groups, organizations, and agencies funded by both government and non-government sources. Because, the U.S. criminal justice system is funded from different entities, there are several different agendas being carried out. There are three major components to the administration of the U.S. criminal justice system: the police, the courts, and corrections. In a perfect criminal justice system the police would arrest violators of the law, the courts would prosecute all law violators, and corrections would punish and rehabilitate violators, to integrate them back into society. While this is the formula the U.S. criminal justice system governs itself by, reality shows us that this quite often this is not the case. Only ten percent of court cases ever go to trial, with almost...
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...the local police department with emergencies and investigations that are beyond the jurisdiction and resource boundaries of the local departments. Federal law enforcement agencies key role in place is to work with certain types of crimes. The FBI, the US marshals and Border Patrol are a few of the main agencies. FBI has eight major investigations. Counterterrorism (a prevention of terrorism by military or political actions), public corruption (the usage of public office for private gain), civil rights (citizens rights to social freedom, political and equality), counterintelligence (preventing sabotage, spying, intelligence gather by a foreign country or enemy), organized crime (illegal actions committed by groups or organizations of criminals such an example are mafia or gangs), major theft/violent crimes (Violent Crime include Bank Robbery, Gangs, Kidnapping, Murder for Hire, Serial Killings and Major Thefts include Art theft, Cargo Theft, Copper theft, Jewelry and Gems, Organized Retail Theft and Vehicle Theft.) and White collar crime (embezzling, laundering, or stealing money for illegal gain by a high respectable member of his/her occupation or place in the company). U.S marshal investigations include taking down the fugitives, protecting...
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...The criminal justice system consists of three components which are police, courts, and corrections. The police serve many duties such as administering the law, examining crimes, capturing offenders, condensing and hindering crimes, cultivating public order, implementing communities are safe, administering emergency and pertinent community services and conserving the fundamental immunity and privileges of individuals. The courts conduct civil and equitable trials, determine criminal cases, establish due process, actuating guilt or innocence, appointing sentences on the guilty, vindicating the law, requiring humanity throughout the justice process, shielding the rights and freedoms of anyone facing processing by the justice system, and contributing a check on the exercise of power by other justice system agencies. The corrections import sentences imposed by the courts, administer safe and humanitarian guardianship and supervision of offenders, insulating the community, rehabilitating, reforming, and reintegrating convicted offenders back into the community, and respecting the constitutional and human rights of the convicted. (Schmalleger, Hall (2011). The components of the criminal justice process includes; investigation and arrest where a crime has been exposed, evidence is accumulated at the scene when probable, a follow up investigation pursuits to recreate the sequence of activities and in some situations an arrest warrant may be issued and booking takes place after the arrest...
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...Myia M. Hardy CJA/204 Introduction to Criminal Justice Instructor: Ron Furtado November 1, 2011 The criminal justice system is a set of legal and social institutions for enforcing the criminal law in accordance with a defined set of procedural rules and limitations. In the United States, there are separate federal, state, and military criminal justice systems; each state has separate systems for adults and juveniles. Criminal justice systems include several major subsystems, composed of one or more public institutions and their staffs: police and other law enforcement agencies; trial and appellate courts; prosecution and public defender offices; probation and parole agencies; custodial institutions ( jails, prisons, reformatories, halfway houses, etc.); and departments of corrections (responsible for some or all probation, parole, and custodial functions). Some jurisdictions also have a sentencing guidelines commission. Other important public and private actors in this system include: defendants; private defense attorneys; bail bondsmen; other private agencies providing assistance, supervision, or treatment of offenders; and victims and groups or officials representing or assisting them (e.g., crime victim compensation boards). In addition, there are numerous administrative agencies whose work includes criminal law enforcement (e.g., driver and vehicle licensing bureaus; agencies dealing with natural resources and taxation). Legislators and other elected officials...
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...Crime is a serious problem worldwide that affects many societies. Because of this issue, we have had to come up with a complex set of laws procedures for dealing with those accused of breaking the law. I will attempt to explain the criminal justice process and the different avenues the process can take. When crimes do occur in the United States this is only the start of the criminal process. First a crime must committed or believed to be committed. Usually some one will call 911, 311, or flag down an officer or perhaps the officer will witness the crime him or herself. Some time criminals are caught in the act or apprehended some later. The choice to commit crime is up to each of us and is really the start of the entire process. Every thing that comes after is just a response to this act. The next step after apprehending a suspect is to read this person their Miranda rights. This is very important as a suspect could be set, free later on at trial if this does not happen. Law Enforcment officers at any level must verbally inform an individual of their rights. These are the right to remain silent, warning that any answers can be used in a court of law, and the right to an attorney. This is a good thing because the person under arrest may not understand the right afforded to them and unfairly incriminate them self. These right are mainly the consequence of the U.S supreme court ruling in the case of Miranda vs Arizona. (Miranda v. Arizona (1966),This law was not universally accepted...
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...Samson Jeremiah Vizgaudis Communications CJA / 304 Mr. Steven M. Holloway University of Phoenix July 14, 2015 Communication in the criminal justice system is one of the most vital processes that are in the day to day operations of law enforcement. Beginning with the interactions between a police officer and comrades, to the interactions within the community, not just by being able to speak and get a point across but also to listen. Within the criminal justice system, individuals must be able to not just speak clearly and professionally. Also one must be able to write detailed reports and or statements to use, possibility in court. Many barriers must be over came before be for one can master these select set of skills. Lastly one must be able to use formal and informal communication skills while in the presence of certain individuals. One can infer that communication is just one meaning; talking. Communication has a wide spectrum of different meanings, everyone interprets it a bit different. “The imparting or interchange of thoughts, opinions, or information by speech, writing, or signs” (communication, 2015). The process for communication is said to have five parts, “transmitting an idea, sending information through a medium, receiving the message, understanding the idea, and providing feedback to the message sender”(Wallace, 2009, p. 3). With that said, communication can happen one of two ways, verbally, and non-verbally. For a verbal communication or conversation to take...
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...Briefly describe the steps that are used to develop a forecasting system. Identify the three forecasting time horizons and state an approximate duration for each. Provide a Criminal Justice example for each time horizon. Forecasting is defined as the art and science of predicting future events (Heizer & Render, 2008). When implementing a forecasting system, there are seven basic steps, determine the use of the forecast, select the items to be forecasted, determine the time horizon of the forecast, select the forecasting model(s), gather the data needed to make the forecast, make the forecast, and validate and implement the results. (Heizer & Render, 2008) A forecast is usually classified by the future time horizon that it covers (Heizer & Render, 2008). According to Heizer & Render (2008) “Time horizons fall into three categories: 1. Short-range forecast: This forecast has a time span of up to 1 year but is generally less than 3 months. It used for planning purchasing, job scheduling, workforce levels, job assignments, and production levels. An example would be placing resource in areas known as “hot spots” that have been identified thru crime analysis. 2. Medium-range forecast: A medium-range, or intermediate, forecast generally spans from 3 months to 3 years. It is useful in sales planning, production planning and budgeting, cash budgeting, and analysis of various operating plans. An example would be the planning of manpower for a new...
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