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Intro to Thermodynamics

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Submitted By badersha6i
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Introduction and Concepts
January 23rd 2013
Thermodynamics: Is the science that deals with work, heat and other form of energy (Kinetic Energy, Potential Energy, Enteral Energy) also their transformation and their relationships with properties.
Definitions
• System (closed system): A region isolated from the rest of the matter that under study. Nothing crosses boundaries.

• Surrounding: Everything external and not in the system.

• Control System (open system): A region where mass may cross the boundary of a control volume. Examples: Turbines – Niggles – Compressors – Heat Exchange – Pumps – Pipe Flows.

• Properties: Are the Microscopic Characteristics of a System / of a Control Volume. Examples: Temperature - Pressure – Density – Volume – Internal Energy – Enthalpy and Entropy.
• Extensive Properties: A Property if its value for an overall system is the sum of its values for the parts into which system is divided. Examples: Mass - Volume.
• Intensive Properties: Properties are not additive and in the sense of previously considered. Example: Pressure.
• Processes: A change of state of a system or control volume.
• Cycle: A process whose initial and final states are identical.
• Thermodynamic equilibrium: For thermodynamic equilibrium the following must be satisfied → o Mechanical equilibrium: A condition of balanced Forces. o Thermal equilibrium: No Change in Temperature. o Chemical equilibrium: No chemical reaction. o Electrical equilibrium: No electrical potential.
• Reversible process: A process in which both system and it’s surrounding can be simultaneously returned to their initial states after the process has been completed.
• Irreversible process: A process in which both system and it’s surrounding CAN NOT be simultaneously returned to their initial states after the process has been completed.

• Most real

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