Premium Essay

Investigating the Presentation of Speech

In:

Submitted By candymp
Words 10539
Pages 43
Investigating the presentation of speech, writing and thought in spoken British English: A corpus-based approach1
Dan McIntyre a, Carol Bellard-Thomson b, John Heywood c, Tony McEnery c, Elena Semino c and Mick Short c a Liverpool Hope University College, UK, b University of Kent at Canterbury, UK, c Lancaster University, UK

Abstract
In this paper we describe the Lancaster Speech, Writing and Thought Presentation (SW&TP2) Spoken Corpus. We have constructed this corpus to investigate the ways in which speakers present speech, thought and writing in contemporary spoken British English, with the associated aim of comparing our findings with the patterns revealed by the previous Lancaster corpus-based investigation of SW&TP in written texts. We describe the structure of the corpus and the archives from which its composite texts are taken. These are the spoken section of the British National Corpus, and archives currently housed in the Centre for North West Regional Studies (CNWRS) at Lancaster University. We discuss the decisions that we made concerning the selection of suitable extracts from the archives, the re-transcription that was necessary in order to use the original CNWRS archive texts in our corpus, and the problems associated with the original archived transcripts. Having described the sources of our corpus, we move on to consider issues surrounding the mark-up of our data with TEI-conformant SGML, and the problems associated with capturing in electronic form the CNWRS archive material. We then explain the tagging format we adopted in annotating our data for Speech, Writing and Thought Presentation and discuss how this was developed from the earlier version used for tagging written texts. We also discuss some preliminary analyses which point towards fruitful future lines of investigation.

49

ICAME Journal No. 28

1 Introduction
The presentation

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Global Effects of Unemployment

...to simply do one of these projects.) See what the syllabus has to say about the evaluation of this project here. If you really think you have a GREAT project idea, different from any below, that you want to pursue, you must obtain permission to do it. You will be asked to show that you really know: 1) your research question, 2) the limitations and advantages of your proposed methodology, 3) how your research is situated within a tradition of sociolinguistic research. General Calendar: The notations for WEEKS show a recommended schedule for working on the project without having a frantic rush at any one time. 1. WEEK 2: In class this week, you will choose a presentation. Carefully consider making your data collection project tied to this presentation. This is because you want to have a good understanding of some of the extant research on your topic around which you can structure your project. Previous research also gives you 1) good insight into how to narrow a topic of appropriate size for focused study, 2) insight into the theoretical and research questions that sociolinguists ask. 2. WEEKS 3-4: Make a final decision about your research topic. First, read the options, below, under “Project Topics.” Choose one of these, perhaps as part of a group doing the same topic. You still have to collect data and figure out how you will do other parts of the projects that are...

Words: 1991 - Pages: 8

Premium Essay

Research Paper About Management Information System

...Management Information Systems - Westminster College - Fulton, Missouri  Why Study Management Information Systems (MIS) at Westminster? * Our MIS program builds on the strengths of our Business and Computer Sciences offerings as well as our liberal arts education.  Classes blend theory and practice in “hot” areas—issues and technologies that researchers and practitioners are currently interested in. * Each class is uniquely designed for Westminster, in response to recent scholarly findings and rising trends in the field. * Courses are not technology driven, though technology is adequately integrated into the major.  Therefore, students never have to play catch-up with technology that is imposed externally.  Instead, all discussions are driven by business strategy and user needs.  * Majors become user and data advocates who understand that the most critical elements of an information system are not hardware and software, but the people and information. * Dr. Phelps, who designed and implemented the major, has degrees and research, and consulting experience in all of the relevant fields of MIS: business, decision science, computer science, and information technology.  So, “knowing a little about a lot” allows her to see the best benefits of these synergies and bring those synergies into the classroom. Major Highlights In your formal MIS studies, you will learn organized approaches to gathering, processing, and presenting information, in order to improve...

Words: 908 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

5 Musicological Fields

...Five Musicological Fields: The study of music also known as musicology encompasses five distinct fields. These include the study of historical musicology, ethnomusicology, philosophy of music, psychology of music and acoustics (Nation-master, 2013). The first major field, historical musicology, is the study of musical origins including subjects such as composers, genres and musical notation. Ethnomusicology is the second major field of musicology and is based around the field studies on music in diverse cultures. Thirdly, the philosophy of music is concerned with the central question of ‘what is music’. Another major field is Psychology of music which relates to the effect music has on human beings. The last musicological field of acoustics is the study of the science of sound (Nation-master, 2013). These five fields make up the fundamentals of musicology and will be explored within this report. Historical musicology focuses on the progression of music over time. This field studies the progressive styles of compositions, performances, receptions and criticisms of music (Nation-master, 2013). The methods of studying historical musicology also include source studies, manuscript studies, textual criticism, style criticism, the choice of historical method, musical analysis, and the application of musical analysis (Nation-master, 2013). This field of study also examines the lives and work of composers and performers (Queensland Studies Authority 2008). Influences and impacts on...

Words: 1527 - Pages: 7

Free Essay

History of Digital Crimes and Digital Terrorism and Their Common Current Forms

...History of Digital Crimes and Digital Terrorism and Their Common Current Forms Stephanie Fisk Strayer Universality CIS 170 Professor CIANCIOTTA Dec. 12th, 2013 Introduction Computer crime refers to any crime that involves a computer and a network. The computer may have been used in the commission of a crime, or it may be the target. Net crime refers to criminal exploitation of the internet. Dr. Debarati Halder and Dr. K. Jaishankar (2011) defines cybercrimes as: "Offences that are committed against individuals or groups of individuals with a criminal motive to intentionally harm the reputation of the victim or cause physical or mental harm to the victim directly or indirectly, using modern telecommunication networks such as internet chat rooms, emails, notice boards, groups, and mobile phone. Such crimes may threaten a nation’s security and financial health. Problems surrounding these types of crimes have become high profile, particularly those surrounding cracking, copyright infringement, child pornography, and child grooming. There are also problems of privacy when confidential information is lost or intercepted, lawfully or otherwise. Internationally, both governmental and non-state actors engage in cybercrimes, including espionage, financial theft, and other cross-border crimes. Activity crossing international borders and involving the interests of at least one nation state is sometimes referred to as cyber warfare. The international legal system is attempting...

Words: 2411 - Pages: 10

Free Essay

Intro Sample

...xviii-xix) discuss some of the advantages of using this approach in multimedia/multimodal computer systems: "In our interaction with the world around us, we use many senses. Through each sense we interpret the external world using representations and organisations to accommodate that use. The senses enhance each other in various ways, adding synergies or further informational dimensions". They go on to say: "People communicate more effectively through multiple channels. ... Music and other sound in film or drama can be used to communicate aspects of the plot or situation that are not verbalised by the actors. Ancient drama used a chorus and musicians to put the action into its proper setting without interfering with the plot. Similarly, non-speech audio messages can communicate to the computer user without interfering with an application". These advantages can be brought to the multimodal human-computer interface. Whilst directing our visual attention to one task, such as editing a document, we can still monitor the state of other tasks on our machine. Currently, almost all information presented by computers uses the visual sense. This means information can be missed because of visual overload or because the user is not looking in the right place at the right time. A multimodal interface that...

Words: 5826 - Pages: 24

Premium Essay

Applying Theory to Practice Problem Part 1

...Applying Theory to a Practice Problem: Part 1: Introduction and Problem of Practice Grand Canyon University Theoretical Foundations for Nursing Roles and Practice NUR-502 Jennifer Wood, BSN, MSN, PhD. January 1, 2015 Applying Theory to a Practice Problem: Part 1: Introduction and Problem of Practice Theory serves as the foundation for understanding the essence of nursing and it gives the nurse the opportunity to understand the reason for the occurrence of an event (McEwen & Willis, 2014, p. 413). In different clinical settings, nurses care for patients amidst all the interruption and distraction and therefore are prone to making medical errors despite their best intentions. Medical errors are common in most healthcare settings and more so in the critical care units. According to the 1999 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report, several thousand people die each year from avoidable medical errors. Medical errors have been defined in different ways by various authors but one that captures the essence of this problem is that contained in the IOM report of 1999 which described this issue as “the failure of a planned action to be completed as intended or the use of a wrong plan to achieve an aim” (IOM, 1999). Medical errors include but are not limited to medication errors, errors associated with medical and surgical procedures, those associated with transcription and charting activities, adverse drug events, restraint-related injuries, or mistaken identities and are more likely...

Words: 1875 - Pages: 8

Free Essay

The Culture Value of Film Culture

...Reflections on The Cultural Value of Film Statistics can be used to show that Britain’s film industry is now the third biggest in the world and a prime destination for inward investment. This success story was heralded by James Purnell, new Minister for the Creative Industries, in a speech to the Institute of Public Policy Research in June this year.[1] But what is the relation of this economic success to the vibrancy and breadth of our film culture? A further look at the statistics provided by the UK Film Council for 2004 shows that last year domestic production fell from 44 films to 27, where domestic is taken to be films made by a UK production company shot wholly or partly in the UK. In 1997, the year when the government set up the Department of Culture, Media and Sport, UK production had been at a record high, and 84 domestic productions were registered. In terms of what UK audiences could see in 2004, beyond American features and American co-productions, the rest of the world share of the market in UK and Ireland was just 2.7%, a figure which betrays the failure of film policy to encourage interest and understanding in the stories of what goes on beyond our shores. Last year also saw the consolidation of companies operating in the exhibition sector and a series of momentous deals which changed the landscape of UK exhibition. In August 2004, Terra Firma acquired both the Odeon and UCI cinema circuits for a total of 580 million pounds, acquiring a 35% share of...

Words: 3815 - Pages: 16

Free Essay

Human Rights Violations in Russia

...Marina Kumskova Professor Austin LaGrone ENG 101 April 15, 2013 Human Rights violation’s in the Russian Federation. There is no single, universally accepted definition of democracy. In fact, there is no universal model of what democracy should be. The emphasis varies in accordance with the history of a country, its culture and the strength of its civil society, and conditions under which democratic institutions were introduced. One consequence is that countries that use the term “democratic” to describe their governing systems can range from Western European nations to China and the former Soviet Union to autocracies in the Middle East and Latin America. Democratic systems can be minimalist democracies in which the citizens mainly do not have the right to vote but enjoy few other freedoms. Other are the democracies that would expand the conception of democracy to full participation in all civic institutions. According to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, “recognition of the dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world”. Speaking of the Eastern Europe, one can trace the development from minimalist democracy to dictatorships. The most popular example of dictatorship in the Eastern Europe is Belarus. The US Department of State repeatedly criticized the regime enacted by Aleksandr Lukashenko, who has been steadily consolidating his power through authoritarian...

Words: 3639 - Pages: 15

Free Essay

Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives.

...Degrees of comparison of adjectives. Contents Introduction 1. Definition of the term adjectives 2. How do adjectives make speech more expressive? 3. Grammatical overview of english adjectives 4. Degrees of comparison of adjectives Conclusion Bibliography Introduction The theme of my course paper sounds as following: «Adjective, its types and categories». Before beginning of investigation in our theme, I would like to say some words dealt with the theme of my course paper. Without referring to the traditional definition of adjectives you can find in any dictionary, Let's make our way into talking about the standard role of adjectives in language. In English the adjective is multifunctional. It is used essentially to describe an object but, in general, it is meant to enrich and clarify ideas and lead the interlocutors to communicate eloquently. Standing on such ground, I would like to point out tasks and aims of my work 1. The first task of my work is to give definition to term «adjective». 2. The second task is to describe the role of adjectives in our speech. 3. The last task of my work is to characterize adjectives from grammatical point of view. In our opinion the practical significance of our work is hard to be overvalued. This work reflects modern trends in linguistics and we hope it would serve as a good manual for those who wants to master modern English language. Also this work can be used by teachers of English language for teaching English...

Words: 6703 - Pages: 27

Premium Essay

Great Speeches

...are influenced by decisions made by anyone but us. Politics and political movements containing discourses could be listed under this category of decisions. It`s been a long while since public speakers are concerned with various dimensions of speech such as sounds, gestures, syntax, rhetoric, meanings, speech acts, moves, strategies and turns. In this paper our main focus is on the rhetoric of a speech. As we know where rhetoric is concerned we should inevitably deal with literature. In other words rhetoric is like a joint which connect literature with politics and establish a method of analyzing political speeches called polio-linguistic approach. Thus we can consider political discourses as pieces of literature. Literary techniques especially rhetorical devices serve as one of the most distinctive features of the greatest and most influential speeches of all time. There is no shortage of rhetorical devices used in these speeches, but we can prioritize them by count of repetitions in political discourses. In this study first I have represented the necessity of using these types of persuasive skills in political discourses, the methods within which politicians take advantages of these skills and the different sides of a successful speech. Then after a glance through different rhetorical devices, excerpts from four of the greatest speeches in history are provided with the rhetorical devices indicated in them. Finally a quite deep examination of the most important of these rhetorical...

Words: 4138 - Pages: 17

Premium Essay

English 11 in Ontario

...English-E11-12 7/27/07 2:24 PM Page 1 Ministry of Education The Ontario Curriculum Grades 11 and 12 English Printed on recycled paper 07-003 ISBN 978-1-4249-4741-6 (Print) ISBN 978-1-4249-4742-3 (PDF) ISBN 978-1-4249-4743-0 (TXT) © Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 2007 2007 REVISED CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 Secondary Schools for the Twenty-first Century . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Importance of Literacy, Language, and the English Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Principles Underlying the English Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roles and Responsibilities in English Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . THE PROGRAM IN ENGLISH 3 3 4 5 9 Overview of the Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Curriculum Expectations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Strands in the English Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION OF STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT Basic Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . ....

Words: 100005 - Pages: 401

Premium Essay

Role of Sociology in Criminal Justice

...the person development. College learning is both inside and outside classroom. The college experiences are a reminder that adulthood comes with more responsibility. In addition, it instills in a person the virtue that it is essential to work hard for one to succeed. There exist studies that support the need for a student to attend college. In a survey investigating the importance of college education today as compared to high school education, it was found that almost 90% of the respondents admitted that college education is important. The presentation of this paper agrees with these findings. With the changing societal needs, college education has become important like high school education. Therefore, the perception toward college education makes it important. There are other ways in which attending a college is important. First, college helps one expand the knowledge base. Through college education, a student is able to acquire much knowledge in many subjects. In addition, a student receives more advanced knowledge in specific areas of study. Abstract and critical thinking is also developed for better thought and speech expression and writing. These skills are both useful both on and off job. Other importance of attending...

Words: 1770 - Pages: 8

Premium Essay

Peace Education - Report Format

...LUCELE D. PASINAG, MAED-EM INTEGRATING PEACE EDUCATION IN THE PRESENT CURRICULUM “Without an integrated understanding of life, our individual and collective problems will only deepen and extend. The purpose of education is not to produce mere scholars, technicians and job hunters, but integrated men and women who are free of fear; for only between such human beings can there be enduring peace. * J. Krishnamurti Facets of Peace Education I. Knowledge * Conflict * Students should study a variety of contemporary conflict situations from the personal to the global and attempts made to resolve them. * Peace * Students should study different concepts of peace, both as a state of being and as an active process, on scales from the personal to the global. * War * Students should explore some of the key issues and ethical dilemmas to do with conventional war. * Nuclear Issues * Students should learn about a wide range of nuclear issues and be aware of the key viewpoints on defence and disarmament. * Justice * Students should study a wide range of situations illustrating injustice. * Power * Students should study issues to do with power in the world today. * Gender * Students should study issues on discrimination based on gender. * Race * Students should study issues to do with discrimination based on race. * Environment * Students should have a concern for the environment welfare...

Words: 1531 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Reflective Report

...Training and Development Module Nick Briggs Reflective Report BURCU MISIR 3021110 Contents Page 1. Identifying two environmental and two individuals’ factors. 2. Identifying two environmental and two individuals’ factors. 3. Positive learning environment. 4. Positive learning environment. 5. Aims and objectives 6. a) Objectives b) Theoretical background 7. Feedback and comments 8. Reflective Report 9. References 10. References Reflective Report Training and Development Module 1. Students should identify at least two environmental and two individual factors and explain their impact. Individual Factors This factor is when trainee refers to features on how they deliver training programme and what personality and ability factors they have been identified with. ( Baldwin & Ford, 1988). Personality is defined as portraying in terms of appearance and character of an individual and ability is the efficiency they apply as well as transferring what is obtained from the programmes they encountered to be like. Ability trainees acquired the knowledge, fundamental knowledge and experience. (Tasse & Hrimech, 2002). Trainee characteristic relate to personality or to motivation which influences training outcomes to greater extent than others. Training programme has led me to find out some individuals factors which I choose to attribute in order to impact training outcomes. Learning Goal Orientation I work according to prepared set plan in...

Words: 3374 - Pages: 14

Free Essay

Phd Dissertation Proposal

...This item was submitted to Loughborough’s Institutional Repository (https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/) by the author and is made available under the following Creative Commons Licence conditions. For the full text of this licence, please go to: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ COMPUTER ASSISTED TESTING OF SPOKEN ENGLISH: A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE SFLEP COLLEGE ENGLISH ORAL TEST IN CHINA Xin Yu and John Lowe Computer Assisted Testing of Spoken English: A Study to Evaluate the SFLEP College English Oral Test in China Xin Yu and John Lowe University of Bath Introduction ‘If you want to encourage oral ability, then test oral ability’ (Hughes, 1989:44) Since its opening up to the outside world in the 1980s and the introduction of economic reforms that have involved engagement with the global economy and wider community, the Chinese government has become determined to promote the teaching and learning of English as a foreign language among its citizens. In particular, it has mandated the study of English for all college and university students and has made the passing of the College English Test (CET) at Band 4 level a requirement for obtaining a degree. With some ten million candidates annually (and rising) CET Band 4 has become the world’s largest language test administered nationwide (Jin and Yang, 2006). In a deliberate attempt to harness the backwash effect of examinations on teaching and learning, the Ministry of Education has insisted that all college...

Words: 6133 - Pages: 25