...The case “JetBlue Airways IPO Valuation” outlines JetBlue’s innovative strategy and the associated strong financial performance over the initial two years, in order to determine the price of initial public offering of its stock on April 2002. To the whole industry of Airlines, the terrorist attacks of September 2001 caused a challenge, especially to large numbers of low-fare U.S. airlines. However, JetBlue remained profitable and grew aggressively. From 2002, the low-fare business model gained momentum in the U.S. airline industry. The dominant player among low-fare airlines, Southwest Airlines, has been going so successfully with its stable growth rate of revenue (Exhibit 8) and increasing operating margin forecasts (Exhibit 5). As a relatively new company, JetBlue had made significant progress in establishing a strong brand by seeking to be identified as a safe, reliable, low-fare airline. In addition, a solid Neeleman’s management team, with David Barger and John Owen joining, was formed to enhance the success of going public. Therefore, to support JetBlue’s growth trajectory, going public and raising financing for the company is appropriate at this moment. Going public has both advantages and disadvantages. Advantages The main purpose of going public is to increase capital for the issuer. A public offering would place a value on the company's stock and insiders who retain stock may be able to sell their shares or use them as collateral. Going public also...
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...JetBlue Airways IPO Valuation Summary In July 1999, David Neeleman announced his plan to launch a new airline that would bring “ humanity back to air travel.” Despite the fact the airline industry had 87 new-airline failures in U.S. over the past 20 years. Neeleman’s plan convinced a group of investors and quickly raised $130 million from venture-capital community. This is the way JetBlue Airways established. With its strong capital base, JetBlue acquired a fleet of new Airbus A320 aircraft and focused on low-cost, point-to-point service to large metropolitan areas with high average fares or highly traveled markets that were underserved. This strategy brought JetBlue Airways an excellent position in the beginning phase. JetBlue Airways started to expand aggressively and remained profitable even after the terrorist attacks of September 2001 by insisting on its low-fare strategy. In April 2002, barely two years since established, JetBlue meet its initial public offering (IPO). The initial price range for JetBlue shares was $22 to $24, but facing sizable excess demand, the management increased the range as $25 to $26. After the whole process of IPO including SEC review and comments, roadshow, pricing, tombstone advertisements, JetBlue finally launched in NASDAQ at $27/share as initial pricing, closed at $45/share on the first day of trading. With the proper strategy in IPO process, JetBlue make a huge success on its IPO. Questions Why JetBlue Airways can still remain profitable...
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...strategic repositioning of the company and the use of the IPO as an exit for minority shareholders affect the attractiveness of the IPO? The strategic repositioning of the company was to gradually shift away and exist from customer care which TRX generated more than 50% in 2000, and Davis’s long term strategy was to focus on the higher margin sectors, such as data transaction and integrations. By shifting away from customer care, of course would reduce operational cost and increase bottom line for the company but I think it would affect the attractiveness of the IPO in negative way. If I was an investor I would be in agreement with TRX only if they were reducing the customer care due to the high operating cost, but I mean reducing, not totally exist. In the service based company, interacting with end consumers is critical even know it has lower margin but the company should be able to profit from it, if it continues to operate in the future which I believe would create higher customer satisfaction and strong long term relationship with end-consumers. Davis decided to use the strategy to make the financial data looking good or positioning the company for the IPO which he knows that he was going to do in the future because the company need capital to support the firm’s growth, however to exist a sector was not good way to start with the risk that they might have lower customer satisfaction, as the company went IPO, any negative issues would tank the company’s shares if they...
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...30/share) the equity price would be even higher at $31.89. This is obviously a very large range, but sometimes it is best not to use static prices based upon just the current year. The case also gives forward looking ratios for these companies as well. As shown below we have gone ahead and calculated what they look like moving forward. Thus, much like before using the average EBIT multiple and PE multiple for these five companies, we can extrapolate figures for JetBlue as well and come up with an equity price of $37.71 and $13.67 respectively. Taking all five of these figures into consideration and averaging them out gives us a price of $27.81. Given the figures that we calculated and the current economic state of the market, we would recommend the IPO price to be set between $23 and $25....
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...a multiples analysis, calculating and defending an estimate of Crocs value. Soln: Comparable companies analysis – Done to determine appropriate valuation multiple for Crocs, Inc. • • Selected peer group based on industry, business and financial characteristics Included explosive growth stocks such as Lulelemon & Under Armour having similar prospects for growth and ROIC as Crocs, Inc. and some mature, stabilized businesses with stable industry growth rates – Nike, Deckers & Timberland. This mix will help us provide valuation from an aggressive sales growth and maturing sales context. Some characteristics used in selection include – o Primary or at least significant portion of business revenue comes from footwear & apparel – analogous to Crocs primary business o Has product appeal to large group of customers o Has distinct product attributes (innovative/creative) and differentiation from competition o Has wide range of distribution channels o CAGR Sales growth, COGS to Sales & Significantly less debt exposure on their balance sheets o Have characteristics of high octane growth and show signs of maturity and stabilizing long-term growth similar to well established footwear brands. • Valuation Multiples The objective was to compare operating metrics and valuation multiples in a peer group to that of Crocs, Inc. for equity valuation. The market multiple model is based on the idea that on average, a company, over time would have roughly the same value as its peers. Assumption:...
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...Group Work: Financial Statement Analysis of your selected listed Bangladeshi company Guideline for Term Paper Dear All, Please complete the strategy analysis and accounting analysis based on the following guideline by next 2 weeks for the company allocated to your group for term paper, and give me the update. Topic Specific Topics Key Questions Strategy Analysis Industry Analysis (Five forces Model) Rivalry -How do firms in an industry rivalry compete among themselves? -What are the dimensions of the competition? Threat of new entrants -What are the legal entry barriers for a new firm? -What are the economic entry barriers for a new firm? Threat of substitute products -Is there any substitute products of the industry? -If so, What is the level of price difference with substitute product? Bargaining power of buyers -What is level of buyers’ price sensitivity? -What is the buyers’ relative bargaining power? Bargaining power of suppliers -How many numbers of suppliers? -How much critical the product is to buyers? Competitive Strategy Analysis Which competitive strategy the company has taken? Cost leadership or Differentiation Corporate Strategy Analysis -Are there significant imperfections in the product, labor or financial markets in the industry in which the company is operating? - Does the company have special resources such as brand names, proprietary know how, access to scarce distribution channels, and special organization...
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...ultimately reduced their business risk. In analyzing the financial risk, the continuous acquisitions have definitely increased the operational risk for the company. Since the case didn’t provide us with the financial statements for Monmouth, we can assume that in order to complete the acquisition they have to issue stocks as they exhausted (or will pretty soon exhaust) their debt capacity. 2. Based on the DCF valuation and using a WACC of 8.25% (the beta assumed to be 1, the average beta of comparable firms and the coupon rate to be 7.96%, the rate for BB rated companies) and a growth rate of 5.5%. The fair price is $40.4 per share for Robertson, lower than the $50 offered by Simmons to sell their stocks but higher than the current market price of $30. As for the peer multiples, and due to the lack of information for the comparable companies we only managed to calculate the EBIAT multiple, the earnings multiple and the book value multiple using the three comparable companies, Actuant Corp, Snap On Inc., and Stanley Works. The result of the multiple valuation showed a fair price of $40.1 per share based on the EBIAT multiple and a value of $29.61 per share based on the earnings multiple. Both prices are below the fair price calculated by the DCF. Only the book value multiple exceeded the DCF fair value with a value of $65.25. The first two multiples failed to capture the future potential and growth of the corporation, where the DCF managed to include it as a factor in the...
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...2 Graduate Thesis By Teia R. Merring Copenhagen Business School Strategic and financial analysis and valuation of B&O 0 1 Executive Summary................................................................................2 Introduction............................................................................................6 1.1Motivation.................................................................................................................. 6 1.2Problem Specification................................................................................................ 8 1.3Problem Identification................................................................................................ 8 1.4Problem Handling .................................................................................................... 10 1.5Structure and Methodology...................................................................................... 12 1.5.1Introduction and Presentation........................................................................... 12 1.5.2Strategic Analysis............................................................................................. 12 1.5.3Financial Statement Analysis ........................................................................... 13 1.5.4Prognoses and Budgets..................................................................................... 14 1.5.5Valuation.......................................
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...According to 820-10-35-54-c, it was reasonable to determine that market is not active. Because the adjustments were based on management’s assumption, FFC didn’t used level 1 inputs in the income approach valuation technique (present value technique). In addition, significant adjustment inputs includes credit adjustment (level 3 inputs) and liquidity risk adjustment (level 3 inputs), and implied rate of return (level 2 inputs) under ASC 820-10-35-48/52. According to ASC 820-10-35-37A, when the inputs are categorized within different levels of the hierarchy, the entire instrument should be in the same level of hierarchy as the lowest level inputs that is significant to the entire measurement. So, CDO should be categorized within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Instrument 2 There was no significant decrease in the volume and activity for the MBS, because no significant factors occurred. Therefore, the market should be still active, even the market became increasingly volatile with some declined activity in the Q4 2012. In my opinion, FFC should still use market approach valuation because (1) quoted prices were highest priority inputs in accordance with ASC 820-10-35-37 (2) the theoretical income-approach pricing model needed significant assumption. In the market approach valuation, quoted prices for the similar observed transactions was level 2 inputs. Then, FFC should classify the MBS into level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Instrument 3 According to...
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...• IMPAIRMENT OF ASSETS: A GUIDE TO APPLYING IAS 36 IN PRACTICE. • PUBLISHED IN MARCH 2014. Explanation of the basis of key assumptions and the valuation approach used to determine the recoverable amount (IAS 36.132(encouraged), 134(d)(i)-(v), (e)(i)-(v), 135(d)) • Key assumptions usually left out. • If discussed they were not sufficient. • Key assumptions include gross margin, government bond rates, exchange rate for the period, raw material price, inflation, market share, etc. • Comparative information is required Where goodwill or indefinite life intangibles have been allocated to a CGU (or group of CGUs), but no impairment has been recognized, reasonably possible changes in assumptions if such changes would cause the unit’s carrying amount to exceed its recoverable amount (IAS 36.134(f), IAS 36.135(e)) • Sensitivity Analysis is not provided. • If provided, it is not consistent. • If book value increases, investors would expect a clear sensitivity analysis. • sensitivity analysis should incorporate all key assumptions (beyond discount rate and growth rate) . Description of the entity’s CGU when it recognises or reverses an impairment loss for the CGU during the period (IAS 36.130(d)(i)) • Disclosures did not provide description. • If they did, they lacked substance. • Users did not have an idea of the impact of the impairment on the financial activities. Explanation of the events and circumstances that contributed to the impairment loss or reversal (IAS 36.130(a))...
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...After reading the case, we need to figure out three questions, which are a. FFC’s determination of whether the respective markets for the instruments were active or inactive and whether there was a significant decease in the volume and level of activity for the instruments. b. The valuation technique used by FFC c. The classification in the fair value hierarchy for each input into the fair value measurement and how these classifications affects classification in the fair value hierarchy of the entire instrument. We will answer these questions by each instrument separately: First, Collateralized Debt Obligation (CDO) Before September30th, 2010, FFC was in an active market, and it determined the fair value of the CDO by using a market-based valuation technique that relies on inputs such as quotes prices for similar CDO securities and requires only insignificant adjustments. After that, there was a significant decrease in the volume and level of activities and the CDO’s market was not active. Besides, significant adjustments are required to determine fair value as of the measurement date given the lack of recent and relevant transactions. The valuation techniques FFC used for CDO is income approach, because this way could maximize the use of relevant observable input and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. There are two factors FFC mainly considered in the fair value measurement. Frist, FFC considered the implied rate of return on September 30, 2010, which...
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...rate of return for Bill: n = 4 r = ? PV = -$195,000 PMT = 0 FV = $168,000 r = ? PV = r = -3.66% A11. (Calculating the PV and FV of an annuity) Assume an ordinary annuity of $500 at the end of each of the next three years. a. What is the present value discounted at 10%? b. What is the future value at the end of year 3 if cash flows can be invested at 10%? a. to get present value: n = 3 r = ? PV = ? r = 10% PMT = $500.00 FV = 0 PV = PV = $1,243.43 b. to get future value: n = 3 r = ? PV = 0 r = 10% PMT = $500.00 FV = ? FV= FV = $1,655 Chapter 5 A1. (Bond valuation) A $1,000 face value bond has a remaining maturity of 10 years and a required return of 9%. The bond’s coupon rate is 7.4%. What is the fair value of this bond? Calculating PV factor i= required return = 9% = 0.09 n= 10 years Coupon Rate to get value Annuity Cash Flow of $1000 to get present value Cash flow= $1000 * 7.4/100 = $74 Cash flow=...
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...INTRODUCTION To value the business we need to forecast some or all of the following depending upon which model of valuation we intend to use: dividends, future free cash flows, earnings per share, EVA which itself requires NOPAT and the Balance Sheet. Note that even if we are interested in cash flows we will usually forecast these using the indirect method rather than the direct method because the basic building blocks of profitability, growth, investment and financing are more readily framed in terms of accrual based accounting and moreover corporate tax is profit based – ultimately we are interested in the prospects for profitability. We should use at least two methods of valuation to value a company and in any one method look to undertake some sensitivity analysis or scenario analysis. The forecasting should be comprehensive and be conditional upon the corporate and business strategy, the accounting analysis and the financial analysis. Importantly, the forecasts should impound the evidence on key financial variables such as sales growth, EPS over time and ROE over time.EVIDENCE ON SALES GROWTH AND EARNINGS We begin with some evidence which is useful in the context of a forecast. But do remember this is what occurs on average. If the forecast is largely at variance from the evidence then this will need explaining within the context of the business strategy or the accounting. In addition if strategy or accounting changes we need to assess the consequences for the forecast...
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...on the corresponding valuation date of every Individual; Hindu Undivided Family and Company at the rate of 1% of the amount by which the net wealth exceeds Rs.15 Lakhs. Education Cess of 3% is not leviable on the amount of Wealth Tax. Applicability of wealth tax: 1. Individual: The following persons treated as ‘individual’ u/s 3 of the wealth tax. a) Legal hires of an Individual. b) Holder of an impartible estate. c) Hindu deities (it means formal a god/goddess ) d) Trustees of a trust who are liable u/s 21A. e) Trade unions 2. HUF 3. Company 4. AOP chargeable u/s 21AA : Situation Shares of members of an AOP are determinate or known. Shares of members of an AOP are indeterminate or unknown. Wealth Tax assessment Interest of members in the assets of the AOP shall be valued as per Rule 16 and 17 of Schedule III. Wealth tax is levied on the AOP. It is liable to tax at the rate leviable upon and recoverable from an individual who is any Indian citizen and resident. Valuation Date: Sec.2 (q): It refers to the 31st March immediately preceeding the assessment year. This provision does not apply to – a. Company registered U/s 25 of the companies Act, 1956 b. Cooperative society and c. Any social club d. Any political party e. Any mutual fund U/s 10(23D) CHARGEABILITY Individual HUF / Companies Nationality Residential Status Location of assets as on the valuation date Residential Status Location of assets as on the valuation date Direct Tax...
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...Instructions and Requirements You will select a firm/stock and perform a Valuation and Investment Analysis. You must select one of the companies that you contributed to your team portfolio (ORACLE CORPORATION). You will make a recommendation based on your complete analysis. Your analysis should include (but is not limited to): 1. Your recommendation and 1 year target price. 2. An explanation of the key inputs and assumptions that support your financial analysis (such as industry and market share trends, end market growth rates, expected growth rates, profitability levels and trends, business drivers, risks, competition, etc.) 3. A valuation analysis of your selected firm. Use the Operating Free Cash Flow method and Relative Value method to arrive at the fair value of the company. This should include the use of appropriate historical ratios and forward ratios. Develop financial statement forecasts with key line items to support your analysis. 4. An explanation of your conclusion and how it compares to investor expectations for the company. 5. A recommended option hedging strategy based on your 1 year target price. Assume you own 1000 shares of the stock. Select either a covered call strategy or a protective put strategy. Calculate the outcome assuming the stock attains your 1 year price target. 6. A recommended...
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