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IPv6 Protocol
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Sl2: Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is the latest revision of the Internet Protocol (IP), the communications protocol that provides an identification and location system for computers on networks and routes traffic across the Internet. IPv6 was developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) in 1998 (RFC2460) to deal with the long-anticipated problem of IPv4 address exhaustion.
Sl3: Every device on the Internet must be assigned an IP address in order to communicate with other devices. With the ever-increasing number of new devices being connected to the Internet, the need arose for more addresses than IPv4 is able to accommodate. IPv6 uses a 128-bit address, allowing 2128, or 340×1036 addresses (340 undecillion addresses). IPv4 (32-bit address) allows only approximately 4.3 billion addresses.
Sl5: The main advantages of IPv6: * Larger address space * Stateless address autoconfiguration (SLAAC) * Simplified processing by routers * Jumbograms
Sl6: SLAAC
IPv6 hosts can configure themselves automatically when connected to an IPv6 network using the Neighbor Discovery Protocol via Internet Control Message Protocol version 6 (ICMPv6) router discovery messages. When first connected to a network, a host sends a link-local router solicitation multicast request for its configuration parameters; routers respond to such a request with a router advertisement packet that contains Internet Layer configuration parameters. If IPv6 stateless address autoconfiguration is unsuitable for an application, a network may use stateful configuration with the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol version 6 (DHCPv6) or hosts may be configured manually using static methods.
Sl7: Packet processing by routers is generally more efficient: * The packet header in IPv6 is simpler than that used in IPv4 * IPv6 routers do not perform fragmentation * The IPv6 header is not protected by a checksum * The TTL field of IPv4 has been renamed to Hop Limit in IPv6, reflecting the fact that routers are no longer expected to compute the time a packet has spent in a queue
Sl9: Jumbograms
IPv4 limits packets to 65535 (216−1) octets of payload. An IPv6 node can optionally handle packets over this limit, referred to as jumbograms, which can be as large as 4294967295 (232−1) octets. The use of jumbograms may improve performance over high-MTU links. The use of jumbograms is indicated by the Jumbo Payload Option header.
Sl10: Transition mechanisms
Until IPv6 completely supplants IPv4, a number of transition mechanisms are needed to enable IPv6-only hosts to reach IPv4 services and to allow isolated IPv6 hosts and networks to reach each other over IPv4-only infrastructure. Many of these transition mechanisms use tunnelling to encapsulate IPv6 traffic within IPv4 networks. This is an imperfect solution, which may increase latency and cause problems with Path MTU Discovery. Tunnelling protocols are a temporary solution for networks that do not support native dual-stack, where both IPv6 and IPv4 run independently.
Sl12: The two protocols are not designed to be interoperable, complicating the transition to IPv6.
New protocol is intended to replace IPv4, which still carries the vast majority of Internet traffic as of 2013. Deploying of IPv6 on enterprise level is not trivial because of security issues and it still has some things to be improved.

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