...involved in the peace process between Saudi Arabia and Iran?” In the last few years, especially since the outbreak of sectarian violence in Syria in early 2013, the Middle East has gradually moved towards a sectarian regional political order.The surge in sectarian fighting between Shi’ites and Sunnis in Iraq. Syria and Yemen, the proclamation of the Islamic state by Sunni militants in 2014 and the competition of power and dominance between Sunni Saudi Arabia and Shi’ite Iran have increasingly come to define and shape the current Middle Eastern political order. Saudi Arabia and Iran are both muslim majority nations but relations prevailing between them have been affected mainly because of different geopolitical issues which are sectarianism which includes different interpretations and leadership issues over the Islamic world, oil export policy and relations with western countries such as US. After the Islamic revolution, relations between both the countries ran down because Iran indicted Saudi Arabia for having relations with US. Iran wanted to adopt westernized culture which was opposed by the Saudis whereas on the other hand the king of Saudi thought that Islamic solidarity would be something that would actually make both of the countries unite. The rebels in Yemen killed two Saudi guards which infused the Sunni government of Yemen. They accused Iran that the houthis shouldn’t have been armed due to which in retaliation Iran said that Saudi Arabia shouldn’t have intervened...
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...A Glimpse into Iran Iran’s Reputation Iran is a Middle Eastern country governed by Islamic ideology and is a theocratic government. There are reports that, ‘Iran is one of the worst human trafficking violators in the world’ (Maher, 2013) and ‘is considered an origin, transit, and destination country for human trafficking’ (“Field listing:,” 2013, para. 52). “Iran is a “tier 3″ country in regards to trafficking, a status given to countries “whose governments do not fully comply with the minimum standards and are not making significant efforts to do so” (Panah, 2013). “The government did not share information on its anti-trafficking efforts with the international community during the reporting period; this impedes the collection of information on the country’s human trafficking problem and the government’s efforts to curb it” (“US report:,” 2013, para. 4). Victims of Trafficking ‘Men, women, and children are all victims of the human trafficking trade’ (“Field listing:,” 2013, para. 52). There are many reasons one may fall prey to human traffickers, but the global influences seem to be “poverty, unemployment, discrimination, a lack of social and economic opportunities, and global financial crises…” (“Iran calls on,” 2013, para. 3). According to Panah (2013) ‘children in Iran are the most exploited source of forced labor in the world.’ Because children are the most vulnerable human beings, they are easy prey for pedophiles as well. Many children who are trafficked will...
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...Journal of Comparative Literature and Culture (JCLC) Vol. 2, No. 2, 2012, ISSN 2325-2200 Copyright © World Science Publisher, United States www.worldsciencepublisher.org Making interrogative sentences in English and Persian languages: A contrastive analysis (CA) approach 1 2 3 Bahman Gorjian*, Mohammad Naghizadeh, Parisa Shahramiri 1Department of TEFL, Abadan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abadan, Iran 2Department of TEFL, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khouzestan, Iran 3Department of TEFL, Abadan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abadan, Iran *bahgorji@yahoo.com Abstract-The aim of this paper is to investigate the forms of questions in Persian and English in order to identify the similarities and differences between them. CA may look at linguistic structures in a twofold way: predictability power and wash back effect (Cheng, Watanabe & Curtis, 2004). The former deals with foreseeing the areas of problems the Iranian learners may commit and the latter refers to the effect of diagnostic value of CA on improvement of teaching processes. CA in the present study focuses on interrogative sentences which are in the form of questions (e.g., Did you clean the table?) which play a very important role in learning English among Iranian high school students. Many Iranian learners, especially at the elementary and intermediate levels, have a lot of problems with the production of English questions accurately. Thus this study is mainly a descriptive...
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...As a young girl, Dumas and her family lived in America for a year while her father was on an assignment. Originally from Iran, she and her family had no idea what to expect. However, most of the Americans they encountered treated them with kindness. They asked questions about Iran, for most were unknowing about it. When they asked they asked with curiosity and respect. Dumas’s family returned home with nothing but happy memories from America. Their relatives did not feel the same, though. When those Dumas and her family knew went to America, they went after the Iranian revolution. During their stay, Americans looked at them with hate and ignorance. They did not return with the same happy memories. In the story, Dumas says “After almost two years in Whittier, my father’s assignment was completed and we had to return home. The last month of our stay, I attended one slumber party after another, all thrown in my honor” (Dumas 92). This quote shows the happy memories that Dumas made during her stay in America and also how those she met during that tie were sad to see her go....
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...IRAN Iran is a Middle Eastern country located south of the Caspian Sea and north of the Persian Gulf. Located in the center of Eurasia and bordering several Middle Eastern states (Iraq, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Armenia, Afghanistan, and Pakistan), Iran is about the size of Arizona Its population is 67,000,000 and the official languages spoken there are persian, turkish, kurdish, luri, balochi, & arabic. Iran has been made up of different cultures and traditions throughout its history. Despite those different influences, Iran remains a conservative Muslim theocracy. Right now Iran is the second biggest oil producer in the world and attracts a lot of investment from all over the world. Any organisation wishing to conduct business with Iran needs to understand the mixture of traditional and modern influences which impact Iranian business and social culture. Approximately 98% of the Iranian population is Muslim. Iran is a conservative society where Islamic traditions and values play an important role in everyday life. Traditions such as these also affect business, so it is important to be aware of them when doing business with Iranian colleagues. Iranians tend to have a very indirect communication style and rely heavily on nonverbal and figurative forms of speech. This is a means of lifestyle when communicating and maintaining individual honour. This aspect of Iranian culture has to be carefully considered when doing business, because a direct refusal, can be interpreted...
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...I. Introduction The Basseri are a nomadic, pastoral tribe of the Fars region of present-day Iran. They have formerly been part of the so-called Khamseh confederation. The areas that the Basseri migrate in are the steep mountains of South, East and North Shiraz. Due to their Pastoralist nature, there is no structure Basseri tribe follow in regards to their social and economic activities. There are several norms that play a key role in the different aspects of the tribe’s (existence, being, day to day life). II. Body Paragraph (Political Organization) –The Basseri are a clearly delineated group, defined as like most groups in the area by political rather than by ethnic or geographical criteria. The Basseri speak a dialect of Farsi. The majority knows only the Basseri dialect, but a few also speak Turkish or Arabic. Most of the groups with which the Basseri come in contact speak Farsi, Turkish, or Arabic. Some of these groups claim a common or collateral ancestral link with the Basseri. Many people among the settled populations in southern Iran claim to have Basseri origins. There are also other nomadic groups namely the Yazd-e-Khast, the Bugard-Basseri, and the Basseri near Semnan east of Tehran who is believed to be genetically connected with the Basseri of Fārs. III. Body Paragraph (Economic Organization) - The Basseri pastoral economy is supported by essential, extensive pastures. However, these pastures cannot continuously support flocks their flocks year-round...
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...All in all alexander was a terrific leader to me. I felt that he tried to always make sure his people were ok. He showed strength and bravery because whatever his army endured he went through it with them. That shows tremendous leadership to me because not so many leaders would go out on the battlefield with their army and put their life at risk. He had great characteristics; he showed that he was also smart in other areas besides warfare. From establishing cities and bringing people together from the lands he conquered and trying to combine cultures. Alexander the great is probably the best name that you can give to this great king. It’s something that I would have cherished being called especially in my passing, because it means my legacy continues and what I did shaped history. This book was full of interesting things that I probably would have never known if I didn’t read it. This book was very informative on the topic and kept me wanting to read for more as it began to get interesting. So I really enjoyed this book and learning of his legacy. I would like to see the story of his life in a movie so I could sort of see the things that he went through and how he reigned as a...
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...Marketing Products Iran Country and Culture Overview Iran is one of the oldest civilizations on earth. Dating back to 3800 BCE it is a nation of strong tradition and cultural roots. To the western eye the most prominent factor is probably its Islamic influence. The majority of Muslims in Iran belong to the Twelver Shia branch of Islam. Islam has come under much scrutiny from the western world regarding the strict rules and regulations especially about how women are encouraged to dress. At the same time, Iran protects its culture and religious preferences and is typically wary of outside influences. As a nation Iran is almost a third of the size of the U.S. with a population of 75 million. It is a sizeable market, which makes it an interesting subject to investigate how it interacts with advertising as an Islamic nation. Other notable population factors include a very low divorce rate of only 2%, attributed to its Muslim majority population. Before considering how the nation interacts with advertising, it is important to look into how the nation might see advertisements, and find its involvement with different media channels. In Iran about 89% of homes have a TV. This is comparable to nations of the western world, by comparison in the U.S. . However, total internet enabled homes in Iran is only 12% or 10 million users, which is only a fraction of U.S. rate. Indicating it is more difficult for Iranians to access the internet from home and they may be using...
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...As an immigrant, I spent most of my life in the Middle East, specifically the Islamic Republic of Iran. As known by many and popularised by the media, Iran is a very religious country. In fact, religion has found its way into the education system and most households. During my study back there, religion was a mandatory subject for all students who were past grade five, and Quran was taught to students starting from the second grade. Subsequently, most students grow up with the religious beliefs taught to them from a very young age and they would take initiative acting in accordance to the structure, which might come across as primitive to the western culture. This is a very apparent example of religiosity of the state in Iran. Ever since the...
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...urban design and architecture, and rapidly change the nature of a city. It also shows how this transformation can produce an environmentally sustainable city through collective intelligence gained from interactions with geographically dispersed cultures. The city under consideration is the Persian Gulf city of Bushehr th th during the 18 and 19 centuries. During this time the city transformed from being a naval base into a trading and information hub, and this had a strong impact on its popular culture and architecture. Approach – The approach is to examine how the flow of knowledge affected urban design and architecture before the emergence of rampant globalisation. The changes in Bushehr are interpreted in the light of Deleuze and Guattari’s rhizomatic view of knowledge as being unstructured, cross-disciplinary and serendipitous. For example, it is suggested that the encroachment of modernist architecture has not completely destroyed the rhizomatic nature of Bushehr because the ‘asignifying rupture’ ensures that the city continues to grow and develop along new and existing lines. The position of Bushehr as a trading port and information hub led to its adopting architectural styles from east Africa, the hinterland of Iran...
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...n | Recruiting Document | For Middle Managers in Mashhad, Iran | | | Business Communications (1) | Team 5 黄淑嘉 1130600046 Amber 林炫孜 1103600074 Maggie 曲有为 1130600104 Viya 王希瑜 1130600137 Christina 杨雪礼 1130600165 Sophia | 2013/4/15 | Content 1 Introduction 2 2 Company Profile 2 2.1 Company Overview 2 2.2 Company Mission 3 2.3 Company Business 3 2.3.1 Passenger Transportation 3 2.3.2 Freight Transportation 3 2.3.3 Other Business 4 3 Recruitment 4 3.1 Working Background 4 3.1.1 Iran 4 3.1.2 Mashhad 4 3.1.3 Guangshen Railway 5 3.2 Job Position 6 3.2.1 Middle Marketing Manager (Iranian) 6 3.2.2 Middle Human Resource Manager (Chinese) 7 3.3 Requirements 9 3.4 Offer and Welfare 9 3.4.1Get you ready to your career 9 3.4.2 Make you happy in your career 10 3.4.3 Safeguard your interests after your career 10 4 .Conclusion 10 References 11 Bibliography 11 1 Introduction For Guangshen Railway Company Limited’s (GSRC) own development, exploiting new growth market, strengthening our influence and obtaining cutting-edge technologies as well as management skills are always our main motivations. Under the global market, we expend our ambition to a middle-east country, Iran. Equipped with rich experience and scientific management system, we believe that Iranian railway market can be our new cornerstone to the world’s...
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...From reading Janet Afary's "Iranian Revolution of 1978–79" I learned that on January 1979, thousands of young religious school students took to the streets protesting a newspaper that had slandered the name of the Khomeini in Iran; those who followed the students were considered the unemployed immigrants that protested the regime's "excesses". The shah, who was in charge of Iran at that time, would give in to some demands and forcefully shut down others. The government killed many citizens who were part of anti-regime protests and fueled more acts of violence by the citizens. Many acts of violence by the people of Iran were considered acts of "martyrdom". Khomeini who was exiled during this time in 1979 would declare the Shah a failure; In...
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...digitally networked era. Digital media shape intercultural communication by (1) producing new public fora capable of (2) hosting rich, multimodal ‘‘spaces’’ of contact on (3) a scale of many-to-many communication that (4) challenges traditional modes of representation. Keywords: Digital Media; Intercultural Communication; 2009 Iran Protests; Networked Communication As internetworked media technologies gradually diffused throughout the world, they have often been sparks for intercultural dialogue. Internet websites enabled web-savvy organizations, like the Zapatista Army of National Liberation, to circulate their views throughout the 1990s. The power of citizens to communicate directly with each other through digital media was not fully apparent until late 2002, when the pseudonymous Salam Pax began reporting through his blog what life was like for Iraqis in the run-up to the 2003 combat operations. Since then, citizens have relied on the tools of digital media to coordinate protests internally and communicate with outside audiences in a number of colorful revolutions: Rose (Georgia, 2003), Orange (Ukraine, 2004Á2005), Saffron (Burma, 2007), Green (Iran, 2009), and Jasmine (Tunisia, 2011). In January 2011, Egyptian citizens, mobilizing primarily through Facebook, organized protests that drew concentrated global attention and ultimately replaced the authoritarian Hosni Mubarak with a potentially more democratic electoral process. Global turmoil prompts citizens to learn...
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...the cultural climate found was one of unforgiving imposition of authority over all aspects of Iranian society and culture as a “war against Western culture” began, a public one. Cinemas were both closed and burned by clerics, Iranian films and foreign films banned, and pop music, again both Iranian and Western, were “forbidden”, seen as popularising and emulating Western culture. It can be seen as the direct result of the hostage crisis, a crisis that was characterised as fiercely anti-Western. This was lent to the regime, that too had an anti-Western foundation, and was further highlighted by the push to make all aspects of society more Islamic, from communication, such as Iranian radio and television that was now only allowed to broadcast religious and official programmes, to education, where religion became a fundamental part of curriculum. The Shah Mosque was renamed the Imam Mosque, indicating the change from autocratic and monarchical rule to a clerical regime. Newspapers, movies, books were rewritten to destroy favourable depictions of the monarchy, all as part of censorship dictated by Khomeini. It is clear that Khomeini wanted to avoid the intrusion...
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...Swot analysis (4 pages) Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats Strengths: Iran is located between the Middle East and Central Asia, with an access to two maritime frontages, the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea. This geographical situation provides economic, politic and military advantages (easiness to exchange with the rest of the world, access to international resources and the sovereignty of Iran is extended to its territorial waters). Iran is the eighteenth largest country in the world. It has a surface of 1 648 000 km² (3 times the size of France). The economy of the Islamic Republic Iran is the twenty-eight largest in the world by GDP (nominal) and the nineteenth largest economy in the world by Purchasing Power Parity (PPP). Iran is the world’s second largest proven oil and gas reserves after Saudi Arabia and Russia. It is the first exporter of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). Oil and gas aside, Iran is rich in other resources and has a important agricultural sector with the culture of cereals (wheat, corn, barley, rice), fruits (dates, figs, pomegranates, grapes, melons and watermelons) and vegetables, cotton, pistachios, olives, spices (saffron), tobacco and tea. Thanks to its location, Iran has an easy access to markets of neighboring countries Furthermore, Iran has one of the highest urban growth rates in the world. From 1950 to 2002, the urban proportion of the population increased from 27% to 60%. TSE (Tehran...
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