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Irish Language

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The Irish Language
INTRODUCTION
What I am going to talk about in this essay is how the Irish Language played a huge part in the development of Ireland throughout the 20th century.I picked this topic because I think that the Irish Language was a key element of Irish nationalism. The Irish Language was part of Irelands separate identity, and we the Irish back in the day felt that its revival was vital if the country were to successfully pursue sovereignty. That’s why I picked this topic because I think this is very interesting and would like to learn more about the Irish language.
MAIN BODY
In 1893, The Gaelic League was founded with the aim of reviving the Irish language. Successful Irish Governments sought to re-establish the Irish Language as the native tongue. In 1924, the Department of Education began its work to co-ordinate a comprehensive primary and secondary school system. The most important aim was to increase participation in education and to make sure that the people of Ireland gained the basic skills of reading and writing. Gaelic became a badge of identity which distinguished the Irish from the British. The Cumann na nGeadheal Government sought to bring the language back into everyday life. One means of doing this was to translate Irish place names back into Gaelic. From 1922 onwards, signposts, addresses and maps were changed. By 1925, the civil service, Garda, armed forces and courts had all introduced Irish into their day to day affairs. In 1926 2RN and Radio Eireann, which were the two national radio stations of Ireland, broadcasted some of their programmes in Irish. An Gum was set up as the Irish language publishing branch of the Department of Education. Their was new Irish words being created for use in Irish language textbooks.
In 1919, the Gaelic League made an educational plan which called for the inclusion of Irish language, History and music in the school curriculum. In 1921 Sean T. O Kelly was appointed Minister for Education. He use to be the Minister for Irish in the first Dail. The Gaelic League and the First and Second Dails worked with the Catholic bishops to make Irish an essential part of the education system. The Government made eight district councils and these councils offered prizes and scholarships to students for speaking Irish and bonus schemes to teachers for teaching the language. In 1920 £10,000 was distributed in grants and subsidies to schools and parish committees to promote Irish literature.
Under the University Education Act 1926, Irish faculties were established in NUI universities. Eoin MacNeill, who was appointed Minister for Education in 1923, established six teacher training colleges for fluent Irish speakers. In 1926 John Marcus O Sullivan succeeded MacNeill as Minister for Education. He believed that the teaching of Irish should be “a mixture of co-operation of voluntary and effort and state support”. He also wanted to further the teaching of Irish at secondary level. In 1928, Irish was made a compulsory subject in the Intermediate Certificate. In the examinations of 1929, 99% of Intermediate students and 92% of Leaving Certificate students sat the Irish examination. In 1934, Irish became a compulsory subject for the Leaving Certificate. In 1928, the Department Of Education annual report was forced to admit that “ In many districts in which Irish is being well taught in the schools, the language has little existence outside the school walls. Very few pupils speak Irish outside school hours, and a smaller number can be still classified as Irish speakers a few years after leaving school.” From Independent Ireland by Ronan Fanning.
Fianna Fail, who came into power in 1932, continued to work of Cumann na nGeadheal in reviving the Irish language, but with more intensity. By 1943 the number of primary teachers able to teach through Irish had reached 9000. Tom Derrig saw some problems and said “A great amount has been done by the government to revive Irish, but the government by itself cannot revive the language. That is the task of the people”. When De Valera began work on the new constitution he said in article 8 “The Irish language as the national language is the first official language.” The constitution also said that English is a second official language. A Gaelic Committee recommended that at least one section in every government carry out its duties in Irish. English was still in dominant language of both civil servants and government departments. This is why English was recognised as a second official language. In an article I read by Marie O Halloran she talks about the language plans and how the Government will get more people speaking the Irish language. Out of all the Irish people 83000 people speak it on a daily basis and the Government aims to get 250000 people speaking it through a 20 year language strategy. Minister for the Gaeltacht Pat Carey said “there is a danger that the Irish language will die unless action is taken”. He said that this strategy is going to be the best step taken to get people back speaking Irish. While having a two hour debate on the Irish language Fine Gael Gaeltacht spokesman Frank Feighan believed that “4% of Irish speakers use the language daily outside the classroom”. “We should look at the retention of Irish as a compulsory subject from primary to leaving certificate level.” Labour spokesman Brain O Shea said this “There is a large measure of soft support for the Irish language among the public but we must convert this into something more active”. The Gaeltacht areas would not be kept alive unless their was jobs going around in the area he said. He also believed that the language should be easier to say by making the language more simplified. He also criticised the Oireachtas because they refused to accept amendments to Bills in Irish. Trevor Sargent believed that the language was going extinct and warned against the strategys changes in the role of Udaras ne Gaeltachta.
CONCLUSION
Since the foundation of the Irish Free State, the issue of language had been an essential part of Irish politics, society and culture. Successive governments tried to carry on the legacy and work of the Gaelic League by making the native language compulsory in schools and officially recognising it as the national language. Nowadays in the schools if you fail Irish in your leaving cert you can still go to college unlike back in the day were if you fail Irish maths or English you would have to repeat the Leaving Certificate if you had the money to repeat it. In the newspaper article I read it talked about getting people back speaking the Irish language and that there is going to be a plan in getting more people speaking the language. I believe what Trevor Sargent said in the article, as the Irish language is pratically extinct and the plan is not really working as people don’t really care about the Irish language as they once did. I am sad to say that the Irish language is practically extinct and that the governments plan to restore the Irish language is not working. What I covered in this essay is how the governments got the Irish language as are first official language and all the steps taken by the Governments to restore the Irish language. I also covered what the Government is trying to do nowadays to restore the Irish language.
REFERNCES USED
1. A newspaper article by Marie O Halloran Thursday, November 18th 2010. www.irishtimes.com
2.The pursuit of sovereignty and the impact of partition by Vincent Foley.

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